Clinical Outcome of Modified Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Technique

Kim, Seong-Hwan,Seo, Won-Deog,Kim, Ki-Hong,Yeo, Hyung-Tae,Choi, Gi-Hwan,Kim, Dae-Hyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2012 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.52 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze clinically-executed cervical lateral mass screw fixation by the Kim's technique as suggested in the previous morphometric and cadaveric study and 2) to examine various complications and bicortical purchase that are important for b-one fusion. Methods : A retrospective study was done on the charts, operative records, radiographs, and clinical follow up of thirty-nine patients. One hundred and seventy-eight lateral mass screws were analyzed. The spinal nerve injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortical purchases were examined at each lateral mass. Results : All thirty-nine patients received instrumentations with poly axial screws and rod systems, in which one hundred and seventy-eight screws in total. No vertebral artery injury or nerve root injury were observed. Sixteen facet joint violations were observed (9.0%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on one hundred and fifty-six (87.6%). Bone fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion : The advantages of the Kim's technique are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known techniques. The Kim's technique can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.

불순물 첨가 BGO 섬광체 단결정의 육성과 열형광 특성

김성철,김중환,김종일,정중현,도시홍,김기동,이대원 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Eu or Fe doped BGO scintillation crystals were grown by Czochralski method. In order to get information about traps in the grown BGO crystals, we measured trap parameters including activation energy, frequency factor and the kinetic order of thermoluminescence, and compared such parameters with thermoluminescent characteristics of pure BGO scintillation crystals. In addition, optical transmittance of the grown BGO crystals was measured.

A Coupled-Field Analysis of Galloping for Power Transmission Line

Hwan?Seong KIM,Tuong?Long NGUYEN,Gi?Sig BYUN 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

全州市 大規模 住宅開發이 三川에 미치는 影響

金煥起,李基完,裸悳寬,丁泰燮 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1988 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.3 No.-

A site plan for 16,110 persons and area of 308,569㎡ was planned by Chonju City. This paper is to study the effects of the site development on Sam-cheon. Average water quality of Sam-cheon was BOD_5 46.0㎎/ℓ in Jan. and Feb., which exceeded the class levels of legislated water quality obviously. If the site were developed by plan, amounts of estimated overall sewage, BOD and SS loads to Sam-cheon would be about 2,954 ㎥/day, 702 ㎏ BOD/day and 409 ㎏SS/day respectively. Even if the sewage of developed area is treated through the legislated purification system, BOD concentration of the stream would be 2.2 ㎎/ℓ more than the present by effluent of purification facilities. Therefore, to prevent more degradation of water quality at least, the pollutional regulation of total emission for the stream could be applied to Sam-cheon with a time-limit.

SBR 반응조에서 슬러지의 침전특성에 관한 연구

김환기,이현기,박상민 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Generally, in the sewage treatment sedimentation of sludge is very important. In this study SBR reactor sludge and input domestic sewage is used for sedimentation experiment. In the 2m depth, removal rate of domestic sewage is 20min. sedi.- 14.1%, 40min. sedi.- 26.7 %, 60min. sedi.- 34.4%, 90min. sedi.- 38.7%, 120min. sedi.- 40.8%, 150min. sedi.- 49.0%. Moisture content of SBR reactor sludge is over 99.2% and in the 1m 50㎝ depth moisture content is very quickly reduced. In the Sludge volume graph of SBR reactor sludge, because variation quantity of sludge volume is very few, we think proper sedimentation is 60 min.

全州市 都市쓰레기의 處理를 위한 基礎硏究

金煥起,李基完,朴種煥 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1989 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse problem of municipal solid waste in Chunju City from various point of view including quantity and character of waste discharged. The findings resulted from this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The amount of solid waste generated from household were 500 tons per day. 2. Value of briquet ash were 44.5% among the generation of household waste. Accordingly, in order to solve the problem of reclamation or raise efficiency in incineration, first of all the wastes collection should be carried out by separation of briquet ash. 3. In order to incinerate the waste it is necessary to be collected waste by separation of waste content waste such as vegetables. 4. The waste of market place generated was suitable for the compostization because of C/N ratio and water content.

파트너십에 의한 지하철 입구 공간의 쌈지공원 설계 및 시공

김승환,강현우,손용욱,박승범,남정칠,이기철,차민준 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2009 硏究論文集 Vol.32 No.2

A pocket park is valued in securing green space in downtown and improving urban view in the aspect of natural and environmental values, and it signifies a lot as the center of local residents’ community and harmony as well. Since subway exits and surroundings that have high portions in taking up street space due to lack of green space in downtown aren't made full use of, valuable pocket park place. Dangni Pocket Park of subway exits is a park completed with cooperative works and partnership by students, specialists, administrative organizations, businesses and civilian organizations, etc. without support of special budget. The study site was finally chosen to the space between exit No.1 of Dangni subway station, after analyzing the surrounding circumstances, availability and accessibility of the space among the several subway station exits of Saha, Dangni, and Hadan Station in Busan Metropolitan city. For the designing process, The Citizens organization for Million Amenity Park performed the planning and project proceeding, and 19 design drafts were proposed during the class of landscape architecture in Dong-a University. Design review panel members discussed to select the best draft in practical and authentical, and the related experts reviewed and revised to present the final design plan. The construction was conducted was performed under the cooperation between the civil, authorities, and industrial organizations, among which Saha District office managed for the waste treatment and maintenance matters. The graduates of landscape architecture department of Dong-a University and related industrial enterprises supplied landscape materials and related labors, were supported by 20 members of GPM, one of clubs of Dong-a University volunteered durig the most of construction progress, completing the Pocket Park of subway exits through partnership.

주정폐수의 혐기성 소화처리시와 포기처리시 처리특성에 관한 연구

金煥起,李城白,黃譚勇 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The wastewater of alcohol manufactory plant has very high suspended soild and BOD concentration, acidity, and high temperture. Thus most of the plants drive on anaerobic digestion method of biological treatment because of using a lot of generated methane gas and possible to disinfect pathogenic bacteria in sluge and wastewater. But because of the problem in the concentration of anaerobic treatment water, second treatment is necessary 2-step activated treatment for increasing treatment efficiency. The purpose of this study was performed to know a difference between last 1-step digestion 1-step aeration treatment and 2-step digestion 2-step aeration treatment with retention time in digestion and aerator. The obtained results can be summarized as follows; 1. The concentration characteristic of alchohol production wastewater was analyzed COD 50,000∼80,000㎎/ℓ, BOD 22,000∼41,000㎎/ℓ, SS 20,000∼45,000㎎/ℓ, pH 4.1∼4.2, and 75∼80℃ according to the raw material of alchohol. 2. In case of the anaerobic digestion method of rice-barley wastewater, average COD removal rate of 2-step digestion appeared to 91.9% compared to average COD removal rate 59.3% on 1-step digestion. It is necessary to drive above 20 day of retention time in metane degestor because of increasing organic load causing the decrease of pH and the increase of VFA/COD within aerator. 3. Alcohol wastewater of tapioka is generally much treatment efficiency of 2-step digestion than that of 1-step digestion, but below 2.7㎏-COD/㎥·d of COD bulk load showed the possibility of treatment at 1-step and 2-step digestion method. 4. Amount of gas generation in anaerobic digestion was almost similar at 1-step and 2-step digestion. 5. In the result of aerobic treatment, treatment efficiency of 2-step consecutive aeration was highly about 3% compared to 1-step combined aeration and in the condition of COD 4,000㎎/ℓ, COD load 800㎏ -COD/d, COD volume-load 0.8㎏-COD/㎥·d were difficult two treatment methods both. 6. pH and VFA concentrations are considered as important factors to determine VFA restriction and the harmfulness of fatty acid was seemed to be related to pH. VFA in 1-step digestion appeared strong change with the increase of input wastewater quantity, but 2-step digestion was treated to stable change in output COD 1,230∼2,246㎎/ℓ.

茂朱 南大川 上流水系 汚染이 本流의 水質에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金煥基,崔頭炯,韓雄在 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was investigated for the pollution load of water quality in the basin of Wondangchon. Total pollution load was measured that BOD was 683.6 ㎏/day, SS was 1,436.184 ㎏/day, T-N was 237.244 ㎏/day, and T-P was 62.078 ㎏/day respectively inthere. Furthermore, it was estimated that BOD is 1,056.863 ㎏/day, SS is 1,840.657 ㎏/day, T-N is 299,922 ㎏/day, and T-P is 74.154 ㎏/day respectively in 2006 year. In case of BOD loading, that by population accounted for 63% of all BOD loading of that, 57% was discharged in M-4 drainage area. However, since tourists have been increasing gradually, that by population was estimated to be analogous to that by tourists in 2006 year. In case of SS loading, that by livestock was bigger than that by population by holding for 49% of all SS loading, and that by tourists was 9.8% now, however, ratio of that by tourists was estimated to be increased up to 25.8% in 2006 year. In case of T-N loading, that from wastewater treatment plant located in M-1 drainage area was the biggest by accounting for 56.2%. In case of T-P loading, that by livestock discharged form M-4 drainage area accounted for 44.3% of all T-P loading, and ratio of both of that by tourists and that from wastewater treatment plant gradually was estimated to be increased From above results, showing yearly change in pollution load of each water quality items is estimated to be increased continuously in every items, and in the influence of the pollution load of each drainage area upon Muju Namdaechon, M-4 drainage area was the biggest by accounting for 45% of total pollution load, and nest was ordered to M-1, M-2, M-3 and polltion load from wastewater treatment plant. The water quality of Namdaechon in Muju influenced by the study area was in the result of BOD 17.7%, SS 13.0%, T-N 28.2% and T-P 22.9%.

도로주변 낙하분진의 침착속도와 수계환경에 미치는 영향

김환기,송호면,김형훈 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The air pollutants were transported over the long distant by the wind and were deposited to the ground or water surface by the gravitational sedimentation, precipitaion or Brown movement and so on. In this case, the deposited particles might give a bad effect to the water environment, such as eutrophication, damage of aquatic organism. This study was carried out to compare the deposition flux to the 17th national road and Il-San lake, Kyunggi, and to investigate the principal organic components. The deposition flux of 17th national road was 228.2㎎/㎡ day from Feb. to June., and that of Il-San lake was 276.4㎎/㎡ day from Feb., to June. Each components exist in the ratio of COD : T-N : T-P = 100 : 10.8 : 0.9, and the ratio of COD to the VSS is 1.2. The ratio of VSS to TSS was 0.12, the ratio of NH_3-N to T-N was 0.48 and the ratio of PO_4-P to T-P was 0.25. The average deposition velocity was 4.2㎝/s in 17th national road and 4.9 ㎝/s in the Il-San lake. The minimum velocity site was forest at the rate of 1.0㎝/s.