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TEM investigation of hydrogen-implanted and annealed single-crystal SrTiO3
G.K.H. Pang,C.W. Tai,Y. Wang,W.L. Liu,Z.T. Song,S.L. Feng,H.L.W. Chan,C.L. Choy 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
In this study, the structural properties of single-crystal SrTiO3 implanted with H+ have been investigated by transmission electronmicrocopy (TEM). The investigation was carried out on an as-implanted sample and samples after annealing at 500.C and 700 .Cfrom the implanted energy similar to the process in the case of silicon. The as-implanted sample shows large out-of-plane strain alsosimilar to the report in silicon. The microcavities are lled with amorphous material as the result of complicated interaction of the defectsduring the annealing.
내부 전류 테스팅을 위한 내장형 전류감지기의 설계 및 구현
송근호,방만식,이효상,서정훈,김강철,한석붕 慶尙大學校 工科大學 自動化및컴퓨터應用技術硏究所 1997 自動化 및 컴퓨터應用技術 Vol.4 No.1
This paper proposes a new BIC(Built-in Current sensor) for the internal current test in CMOS logic circuits. Our BIC is composed of current sensor, level shifter, comparator, and reference voltage circuit. The current sensor parallel connected with one diode and one nMOS device can convert the current of CUT(Circuit Under Test) to voltage. A single phase clock is employed in the BIC reduce the control circuitry of it and to perform a self-testing for a faulty current. The proposed BIC is verified by using the HSPICE simulator and fabricated in 0.8 ㎛ twin-tub process. The CUT is 4 bit full adder with bridging faults. The realized BIC successfully detects all bridging faults in CUT.
생쥐 모델을 이용한 배아의 할구 생검법과 할구가 생검된 배아의 배양시 공배양 효과에 관한 연구: 인간에서의 착상 전 유전진단 기술 개발을 위한 동물실험 모델의 개발
김석현,류범용,지병철,최성미,김희선,방명걸,오선경,서창석,최영민,김정구,문신용,이진용,채희동,김정훈,Kim, S.H.,Ryu, B.Y.,Jee, B.C.,Choi, S.M.,Kim, H.S.,Pang, M.G.,Oh, S.K.,Suh, C.S.,Choi, Y.M.,Kim, J.G.,Moon, S.Y.,Lee, J.Y.,Chae, H.D.,Kim, C.H. 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.1
The genetic defects in human gametes and embryos can cause adverse effects on overall reproductive events. Biopsy of embryos for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers a new possibility of having children free of the genetic disease. In addition, advanced embryo culture method may enhance the effectiveness of embryo biopsy for the practical application of PGD. This experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of coculture on the development in vitro of biopsied mouse embryos as a preclinical model for PGD of human embryos. Embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) from F1 hybrid mice (C57BLfemale/CBAmale). Using micromanipulation, 1, 2, 3 or 4 blastomeres of 8-cell stage embryos were aspirated through a hole made in the zona pellucida by zona drilling (ZD) with acidic Tyrode's solution (ATS). After biopsy of blastomeres, embryos were cultured in vitro for 110 hours in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 0.4% BSA or cocultured on the monolayer of Vero cells in the same medium. The frequence of blastocyst formation were recorded, and the embryos beyond blastocyst stage were stained with 10% Giemsa to count the total number of nuclei in each embryo. There was no significant difference in the blastocyst formation between the zona intact control group and the zona drilling (ZD) only, or biopsied groups. The hatching rate of all the treatment groups except 4/8 group was significantly higher than that of control group. In all the treatment groups, there was a significant reduction in the mean cell number of embryos beyond blastocyst stage ($50.2{\pm}14.0$ in control group vs. $41.2{\pm}7.9$ in ZD, $39.3{\pm}8.8$ in 7/8, $29.7{\pm}6.4$ in 6/8, $25.1{\pm}5.7$ in 5/8, and $22.1{\pm}4.3$ in 4/8 groups, p<0.05). When the same treatments were followed by coculture with Vero cells, a similar pattern was seen in the blastocyst formation and the hatching rate. However, in all the treatment groups, there was a significant increase in the mean cell number of embryos beyond blastocyst stage with coculture, compared with the parallel groups without coculture. In the cleavage rate of biopsied blastomeres cultured for 110 hours after IVF, there was no significant difference between coculture and non-coculture groups (87.2% vs. 78.7%). However, the mean cell number of embryos developed from the biopsied blastomeres was significantly higher in coculture group ($11.5{\pm}4.7\;vs.\;5.9{\pm}1.9$, p<0.05). In conclusion, biopsy of mouse embryos after ZD with ATS is a safe and highly efficient method for PGD, and coculture with Vero cells showed a positive effect on the development in vitro of biopsied mouse embryos and blastomeres as a preclinical model for PGD of human embryos.
돼지 정액의 동결시 Taurine과 $\alpha$-Tocopherol 첨가가 동결$\cdot$융해 정자의 성상과 기능에 미치는 영향
신현아,김창근,정영채,방명걸,Shin H. A.,Kim C. K.,Chung Y. C.,Pang M. G. 한국동물번식학회 2005 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.29 No.3
The present study evaluated whether an exogenous antioxidants, taurine and $\alpha$-tocopherol, could, when added to the freezing extender, improve the post-thaw sperm characteristics, function, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in frozen-thawed porcine semen. CASA (computer-aided sperm analysis), HOST (hypoos-motic swelling test), chemiluminescence using luminol and lucigenin and the detection of malondialdehyde for LPO was performed in frozen-thawed porcine sper-matozoa. The results obtained in these studies are as follows. While no beneficial effects of taurine and $\alpha$-tocopherol supplementation were visible in motility, viability, acrosome reaction, tail swelling patterns, and the generation of $O^{2-}$ of frozen-thawed porcine sper-matozoa, $H_{2}O_{2}$ was decreased by all treatments except taurine 50mM treatment. In conclusion the taurine and $\alpha$-tocopherol treatments during freezing reduced generation of reactive oxygen species and production of malondialdehyde in frozen-thawed porcine semen, and the ROS savangers may minimize various damages of spermatozoa during freezing. 본 연구는 돼지 정자 동결시 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 첨가가 융해후 정자 성상과 정자 기능 활성산소계(reactive oxygen species; ROS)의 발생 정도 및 지질 산화(lipid peroxidation, LPO)에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 시행하였다. 1차 및 2차 희석액내 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol이 첨가된 돼지 동결정액의 융해 후 정자 운동성 양상, 정자 생존성, 정자 기법을 적용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Taurine(25mM, 50mM), $\alpha$-tocopherol($500{\mu}M,\;1,000{\mu}M$ 단일처리군 그리고 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 혼합처리군($25mM\~500{\mu}M\~1,000{\mu}M$)은 동결$\cdot$융해 후 대조군과 비해 정자 운동성과 생존성은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 혼합처리군 $50mM\~1,000{\mu}M$에서 HOST, 점체 반응이 대조군과 비교하여 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나 다소 증가하였다. 동결$\cdot$융해 정자의 ROS 발생 억제를 위한 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 모든 처리군은 대조군과 비교하여$\cdot\{O_2}{^-}$ 발생을 유의적으로 완화시키지 못하였다. 그러나 taurine 단일처리군(25mM), $\alpha$-tocopherol 단일처리군($50mM,\;1,000{\mu}M$)과 혼합처리군($25mM\~500mM,\;50mM\~1,000{\mu}M$은 $H_{2}O_{2}$의 발생을 대조군과 비교하여 유의적으로 완화시켰다(P<0.05). 동결$\cdot$융해 정자의 malondialdehyde의 생산은 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 모든 처리군에서 대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 돼지 정액의 동결보존시 taurine와 $\alpha$-tocopherol 같은 항산화제의 처리는 ROS 발생과 LPO을 효과적으로 완화시킴에 따라 돼지 정액의 동결보존 효율을 증진시킬 수 있는 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.
투명대 존재/부재 햄스터 난자의 동결보존;1-단계 평형과 2-단계 융해의 효과
정구민,방명걸,김석현,신창재,김정구,문신용,이진용,장윤석,Chung, K.M.,Pang, M.G.,Kim, S.H.,Shin, C.J.,Kim, J.G.,Moon, S.Y.,Lee, J.Y.,Chang, Y.S. 대한생식의학회 1992 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.19 No.2
The present experiments were focussed to modify a short slow-cooling protocol used for freezing of early stage embryo(Testart et al., 1986) and also to apply the modified method for the cryopreservation of hamster oocytes with Zona or without. The protocol was modified by changing the 4-step equilibration into 1-step and the 1-step thawing into 2-step. The oocytes were added in 1.5M PROH and 0.1M Sucrose, seeded at $-7^{\circ}C$, slow cooled($0.3^{\circ}C$/min) to $-30^{\circ}C$ before plunging to $-196^{\circ}C$. The oocytes were thawed at $23-25^{\circ}C$ air(20sec/150sec) and/or 33-35 water(10sec). The survival of the frozen-thawed oocytes was determined by morphologic criteria and their fertilizing ability was also estimated by Sperm Penetration Assay(SPA) system(Chang et al, 1990) using fertile men semen sample. One-step equilibration showed slightly higher survival rate(83.9% vs. 71.0%) and fertilization rate(83.9% vs. 71.0%) compared with four-step(p>0.05). And two-step thawing(air & water exposing) of oocytes frozen after 1-step equilibration showed significantly higher survival rate(96.3%) than one-step thawing at air(85.2%) or water(65.0%) only(p<0.05). Therefore, by the modified method(l-step equilibration & 2-step thawing), Zona-intact(ZI) and Zona-free(ZF) oocytes were frozen and thawed. ZI-oocytes showed significantly higher survival rate(95.4%, 308/323 vs. 67.6%, 240/355) than ZF-oocytes(P<0.01). But the survival of ZF-oocytes was as high as ZI-oocytes in fourteen of twenty-four replicates. ZI-oocytes was also significantly higher fertilization rate($92.4{\pm}8.9%$ vs. $63.7{\pm}18.5%$) and higher mean number of penetrated sperm($6.2{\pm}4.2$ vs. $3.9{\\pm}3.3$) than ZF-oocytes, but not higher than control(fresh oocytes;$99.3{\pm}2.4%$, $8.4{\pm}4.2$)(P<0.001). Conclusively, this modified method will contribute to freeze effectively the hamster oocytes for simplifing of the logical consideration of performing SPA and also to freeze the human and other animal oocytes.
난자 세포질내 정자 주입술 후 동결보존 배아이식: 고식적 체외수정시술과의 비교 연구
김석현,지병철,정병준,김희선,류범용,방명걸,오선경,손철,서창석,최영민,김정구,문신용,이진용,Kim, S.H.,Jee, B.C.,Jung, B.J.,Kim, H.S.,Ryu, B.Y.,Pang, M.G.,Oh, S.K.,Shon, C.,Suh, C.S.,Choi, Y.M.,Kim, J.G.,Moon, S.Y.,Lee, J.Y. 대한생식의학회 1997 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.24 No.3
The objective of this study was to compare retrospectively the survival and pregnancy rates(PR) of cryopresered-thawed embryos obtained from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). Ninety-six cycles of cryopresered-thawed embryo transfer (ET) were performed in 79 patients from June, 1996 to September, 1997 and grouped as followings: 20 cycles (16 patients) inseminated by ICSI (ICSI Group) and 76 cycles (63 patients) by conventional IVF (IVF Group). Slow-freezing and rapid-thawing protocol was used with 1.5M propanediol (PROH) and 0.1M sucrose as cryoprotectant. All embryos were frozen-thawed at the two pronuclear (2 PN) stage excluding four cycles in which the early cleavage stage embryos were frozen, and allowed to cleave in vitro for one day before ET. The duration from freezing to thawing was comparable in both groups ($mean{\pm}SD$, $112.1{\pm}80.0$ vs. $124.8{\pm}140.1$ days). The age of female ($31.2{\pm}3.4$ vs. $32.6{\pm}3.3$ years) and the endometrial thickness prior to progesterone injection ($9.4{\pm}2.0$ vs. $9.3{\pm}1.8$ mm) were also comparable in both groups. There was no significant difference in the outcomes of cryopreserved-thawed ET between two groups: survival rate ($85.2{\pm}16.1%$ vs. $82.2{\pm}19.7%$), cleavage rate ($96.9{\pm}6.7%$ vs. $94.7{\pm}13.0%$), cumulative embryo score (CES, $54.5{\pm}31.1$ vs. $49.0{\pm}20.0$), preclinical loss rate (5.0% vs. 5.3%), clinical miscarriage rate (0% vs 29.4%), clinical PR per transfer (35.0% vs. 22.4%), implantation rate (9.9% vs. 5.6%), and multifetal PR (42.9% vs. 17.6%). In conclusion, human embryos resulting from ICSI can be cryopreserved-thawed and transferred successfully, and the survival rate and PR are comparable to conventional IVF.
동결보존된 부고환 정자로 ICSI 시술 후 수정된 수정란의 동결보전 및 배아이식에 의한 임신 1례
문신용,이희선,김희선,류범용,방명걸,오선경,서창석,김석현,최영민,김정구,이진용,Moon, S.Y.,Lee, H.S.,Kim, H.S.,Ryu, B.Y.,Pang, M.G.,Oh, S.K.,Suh, C.S.,Kim, S.H.,Choi, Y.M.,Kim, J.G.,Lee, J.Y. 대한생식의학회 1997 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.24 No.2
This case report describes the pregnancy following the transfer of cryopreserved embryos generated from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using frozen-thawed sperm obtained by microepididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) in patient with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD).