?? 착물의 구조적 특성

김복조,윤두천,박기훈,주언정,오창언 嶺南大學校 基礎科學 硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Five-coordinated complex of Cu(Ⅱ) complex, [CuCl(1,10-phenanthroline)₂]·Cl·6H₂O·CH₃OH, was synthesized by adding an aqueous solution of Cu(Ⅱ) to a methanol solution of 1,10-phenanthroline. Its crystal structure was detemined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystal data are are as fllow: [CuCl(phen)₂]·Cl·6H₂O·CH₃OH, monoclinic, space group C2/c (#15), a = 23.309(5), b = 30.270(6), c = 7.491(2) A, B = 97.83(2)˚, V = 5236 A³, Z = 8,2745 data with I >3σ(I) (R = 00.64, Rw = 0.087). In the crystal structure of ??, the Cu(Ⅱ)is five-coordianted with four nitrogen and one chlorine atom. The geometry around Cu(Ⅱ) is somewhat distorted trigonal bipyramid and Cu(Ⅱ) is locted nearly (0.0280 A˚) on the least-squares plane of the two nitrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.

玄蔘의 Saponin 成分 檢索 : on the Saponin of the Radix

남인숙,배병숙,최보향,최인수,최태수,김동언,김언주,정미영,조규옥 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

Crude saponin(100g) were obtained by extracting the radix(5kg) of Scrophalariae koraiensis Nakai. Crude saponin were positive in the Liebermann-Burchard test. We observed 5 sports by TLC using BuOH saturated with H_2O : ethyl acetate : water(4:1:5, upper phase) as solvent and 1% Ce(SO_4)_2 in 10% H_2SO_4 as a color former. We divided into 3 fractions by common column chromatography using BuOH saturated with H_2O : ethylacetate : water(4:1:5, upper phase) as solvent.

기관지천식 환자에서 유도객담을 이용한 기도 염증의 평가

남언정,이종명,김건우,김신우,김능수 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the relationship between cell counts, supernatant and lysate ECP levels in sputum, and physiologic markers in adult asthmatic. Methods : Twenty-two patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma, ten patients with acute exacerbated asthma and nine healthy subjects were enrolled. Sputum was induced by inhalation of hypertonic saline, and homogenized with 0.1% dithiothreitol. A total and differential cell was measured in supernatant fluid. Cell pellet was centrifuged, and ECP(supernatant ECP) was measured in supernatant fluid. Cell pellet was reacted with a cellular lysis buffer to release cell-associated ECP, and ECP(lysate ECP) was measured again in supernatant fluid. The ratio of supernatant to lysate ECP was calculated as an index of eosinophil degranulation. Spirometry and methacholine bronchial challenge tests were also performed as physiological markers of asthma. Results : The patients with acute exacerbated asthma showed significantly higher percentage of sputum neutrophil, eosinophil count, concentration of sputum supernatant ECP and ratio of supernatant to lysate ECP than those of normal controls and stable asthmatic patients(p<0.05, respectively). The level of sputum supernatant ECP, supernatant/lysate ECP ratio, and percentage of neutrophil showed negative correlations with pulmonary functions, but no correlations with a degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. There was no significant correlations between of serum ECP level and physiological parameters. Conclusion : These results suggest that both neutrophils and eosinophils play roles in the exacerbation of asthma. The sputum supernatant/lysate ECP ratio might be valuable in assessment of activation status of eosinophils in various hypereosinophilic conditions or diseases.

바이마르 공화국과 극단주의

김언식 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-

Why can't the Weimar Republic be set free from Extremismus, even if similar difficulties can be seen in other countries? The democratic midway seemed to have stronger power in England, U.S.A. and France. Therefore the theme which in the Weimar Republic the fact that Extremismus was strong does not matter, but the fact that democratic midway was feeble matters, can probably be presented. The total history of the Weimar Republic contained a broad stream of antidemocratic, antiparliamentary and antiliberal emotion. Among the backgrounds on which such emotion was generalized, hitorical burdens can be emphasized. Among them the virtues of compromise and mediation that were not almost found in german tradition, real burdens that were caused by compelled peace in 1918 and thereafter inflation and civil wars were contained. The most important basis for the success of left and right extremists was the economic and social difficulties. While stronger social safety net snatched the social basis of Extremismus since 1949, because of difficulties in social and economic areas the new order of the Weimar Republic could not attract attention. The extremists of the Weimar Republic were not yet blamed then. Still they seemed to have good conscience and pushed democracy to defensive position. The Weimar Republic permitted the most freedom and it caused more uneasiness at last. This uneasiness by the loss of orientation formed chief psychological basis of Extrmismus. What the circumstances of the Weimar Republic were described to be uneasy, namely the description that the fall of the Western would happen before long or the unhappiness would come, was the burden against democracy. Only the extremists seemed to be able to save Germany from bankruptcy At least they were promising certain social safety and dream of the future. Even if theories and ways of extremists were insincere and demagogical, the circumstances were favorable to them, As they undertook to solve contemporary difficulties for the happier future, they seemed to have good conscience. But democrats were pushed to the defensive position. The political culture of the Weimar Republic that was distant from democracy was bottom on which antidemocratic forces of Germany grew. The precept of the Weimar democracy can be shown from what the democracy that did not grow from historical tradition, threfore was different from the emotion of the people is uneasy.

韓國古代伽藍의 回廊에 關한 硏究

朴彦坤,이은정 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2001 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

Architectural space is limited and that limitation define a boundary. Physical characteristics of this boundary is that it has a continuity and these come into existence by various elements such as its texture, space, form, symbol, use, and geographical features. In Korean traditional architecture, building compositions are not made by one building standing up, but by several buildings making a boundary. These are shown in palaces, temples, and residential architectures. In these compositions, the Gallery(Hoe-rang) act as a principal part for limiting and linking spatial boundary of each buildings. But studies until now have only shown the Gallery(Hoe-rang) as only an attached feature that it was added to the study of main buildings. It is certain that its main function is connection of spaces, but other than this, it limits spatial boundary, and acts as a storage. Since the introduction of Buddhism in Korea, the main type of its temples had a strong symmetry and the Gallery(Hoe-rang). But as free arrangement of temples became the main current since SunJong of late Shilla, it was not made since middle KoRyo dynasty. This means that in traditional temple architectures, the Gallery(Hoe-rang) is limitedly made until united-Shilla era. Therefore in this study, temples with the Gallery(Hoe-rang) from the time of introduction of Buddhism to late united-Shilla dynasty were studied by documents and real existing temples. And with the Gallery(Hoe-rang) of Korean ancient temples, its arrangement symmetry, spatial relationships were analyzed to come up with architectural characteristics. The results are as followings: 1) The boundary of the Gallery(Hoe-rang) is not discretly made, but it changes by transition of arrangement, and symbolizes each era. 2) As to the relationships of the Gallery(Hoe-rang) and other buildings, such as Kangdang, Jong-ru, Kyung-ru, the relationship is decided by characteristics of space which is surrounded by the Gallery(Hoe-rang). 3) An independent space has a definite distinction compared to its surrounding space that it is meant to devide and cut. In ancient temples, these limitation of space is expressed by an active use of the Gallery(Hoe-rang).

DCT 부호화 영상의 비트 선택적 에러정정부호 적용

주언경,蔡鍾吉 慶北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

DCT coding, using energy compaction and decorrelation by transform, is proved to be efficient in the absence of channel error, but its performance degrades rapidly over noisy channel. In this paper, bit selective error correction coding technique is presented for protecting DCT coefficients over noisy channel. Since each bit transmitted in a block has different error sensitivity, bit error sensitivity is computed and analyzed for various binary codes, images and DCT block sizes. Then the bits with higher error sensitivity are selected to be protected by BCH error correction codes. As a result, without increasing transmission bits, PSNR can be improved up to 8-10dB and the image with improved quality is reconstructed.

冷間壓延用 作業 롤의 Spalling 發生原因에 관한 硏究

全彦燦,全泰玉,金舜經 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

A study on the spalling causes of work roll for cold rolling was performed in the cold rolling mill. Performance of work roll is dependent to a great extent on spalling so that both roll manufacturers and users show great interest in spalling. So this paper shows that spalling phenomena were investigated and causes determined because of more than 85% of spalling has its origin on the roll surface. As being well known, spalling mostly occurred due to developing fatigue fracture originated a crack on a roll. But such spalling can be prevented by proper roll maintenance. The spalling accidents have sharply decreased since 1981 because of the use of ultrasonic test to detect cracks on a roll.

京畿 地域 韓國傳統市場(저자)의 空間構成에 關한 硏究

朴彦坤,李玩鍵 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2000 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Jeo-Ja, which is Korean traditional market, not only acts as a place for selling and buying products. It is the center of a complex community where people gather around during certain period to exchange informations, and enjoy many stuffs. However, as time went by, these traditional markets are going through many changes. Most important factors for these changes are developments of communication and transportation. Followings are the results of this study. First, Korean traditional markets, Jeo-Ja, acted as a center of community that it is not only a space for seeling and buying products but as a place for exchange of informations and entertainments. Second, the place where Jeo-Ja is located has great relationships with the roads. Markets studied could be divided into the road type moved into inland and the island type located far from roads spread to roads as its size became bigger. Third, today's traditional markets could be divided into Street type, Plaza type, and Complex type. Street type has a form of line. Plaza type is formed at outdoor space where it is usually used as parking lot. Complex type has characteristics of both street and plaza type. And when there's no markets going on, place of all markets are usually used as parking lot, having a high efficiency of the land-use. Fourth, in the characteristics of size, planning and size of markets differ due to products of each store. Fifth, in the characteristics of circulation, today's traditional markets could be divided into Circulation type, Passage type, and Circulation and passage type. Studies on Jeo-Ja, Korean traditional markets must be progressed based on its merits. And this study must all be applied to today's society.

QMF를 이용한 대역 압축 시스템에서의 스크램블링 효과

주언경,蔡鍾吉 慶北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

Scrambling has been used as a method to encrypt the transmission signal for purpose of service protection from illegal use of unauthorized subscribers in Conditional Access system. More recently it is proposed to be used in a HDTV system such as MIT-CC in order to turn ghost, correlated noise, to uncorrelated white noise. In this paper, band rotation scrambling method using a modified line rotation is proposed for the band-compressed system using QMF. And scrambling effects on conversion of ghost to white noise and service protection are studied and analyzed. As results, effects of whitening ghost and service protection by the proposed method are shown to be superior to the existing line rotation method.

丁茶山의 朱子 『論語集註』批判 (5)

김언종 한국한문교육학회 2003 한문교육논집 Vol.20 No.-

茶山의 나이 52세 때인 1813년에 완성된『論語古今注』는 실로 二千年 論語學史에 있어서 획시대적인 저작이 아닐 수 없다. 당세와 후세에 끼친 영향력에 있어서는 주자의『논어집주』에 미치지 못하지만, 그 탐구의 깊이나 철저한 고증력에 있어서는『논어집주』의 수준을 훨씬 넘어선 大作이라 해도 전혀 과언이 아닐 것이다. 이에 대한 다각도의 분석과 검증은 茶山 論語學의 성격을 더욱 명확히 하고 가치를 밝히는데 있어 굳건한 토대를 만들어 줄 것이다. 본고에서는 質疑 49에서 61까지에 대해 검토하였는데, 이 가운데 다산의 創見이 보이는 몇 조목을 정리하면 다음과 같다. "丘之禱久矣.(7-35)의 "禱"가 士喪禮의 의식 가운데 하나인 "行禱五祀"에 해당하는 것으로 본 주자 설에 대해, 다산은 그 의식은 사람이 운명한 뒤에 행하는 것이므로 아직 산 사람인 공자에게는 해당되지 않는다고 보았다. 이는 다산이 士喪禮에서의 "疾病"을 "殞命"의 의미로 보기 때문인데 이는 고금에 유례 없는 다산만의 독특한 주장이다. "舜有臣五人而天下治.…唐虞之際, 於斯爲盛."(8-20)節의 이해에 있어 주자는 요순시대에 인재가 가장 많았고 주대는 그 다음이라 생각하였다. 그러나 다산은 인재의 성함은 요순시대 보다 주대가 더 성하였음을 드러내고자 한 것이 공자의 본뜻이라 생각하였다. 다산이 이런 해석을 한 데에는 "唐虞之際, 於斯爲盛."에 대한 독특한 해석을 바탕으로 한다. 다산은 唐 虞를 실제 인물로 보는 여타의 주석가 들과는 달리 '훌륭한 임금'과 '현명한 신하'의 비유로 보았다. 그리하여 다산은 "唐虞之際, 於斯爲盛."을 "聖主와 賢臣이 서로 만나는 시기가 주나라 무왕 때 가장 성했다"라고 풀이하였다. "禹, 吾無間然矣."(8-21)에 대해 주자는 "間은 하극, 즉 틈이다. 그 틈을 지적하여 비난함을 이름이다." 즉, "우 임금에 대해 나로서는 빈틈을 지적하여 비난할 데가 없다."는 의미로 파악하였다. 그러나 다산은 '間'의 훈고에 있어서는 주자와 마찬가지로 '간극' 즉 '틈'으로 보았지만, 주자 뿐 아니라 역대의 모든 주석가 들과는 다른 독특한 설을 제시했다. 다산은 "吾無間然"을 공자가 우 임금을 '흡연히 애모하여 한치의 틈도 없다'라는 뜻으로 보았다. 다산은 이 '間'의 주체를 공자 자신으로 본 것이다. 이는 주자가 間을 우 임금 자신에 있는 '빈틈'이나 '흠'으로 본 것과는 크게 다르다. 주자는 "子畏於匡, 曰, '文王旣沒, 文不在玆乎? 天之將喪斯文也, 後死者不得與於斯文也, 天之未喪斯文也, 匡人其如予何?"(9-05) 節에 3번이나 보이는 "斯文"을 "斯道"를 대신한 謙辭라고 보았다. 그러나 다산은 겸사가 아니라고 생각하였다. 주자의 주장대로라면『논어』에 보이는 많은 道자 가운데서 바꾸어 불러야 할 부분이 적지 않고 그럴 경우 매우 어색한 표현이 될 것이다. 그러므로 주자 설은 일관성에 문제가 있으며 다산의 문제 제기가 정당하다 할 것이다. Completed by Dasan(茶山) in 1813, the『Lunyugujinzhu(論語古今註)』is a most intelligent and intensely argued commentary on『the Analects』. Through a deep speculation and close reading of varied texts from Xianqin(先秦) period to Qing(淸) Dynasty, Dasan demonstrated the hermetic originality of『the Analects』. Terefore the『Lunyugujinzu』should be estimated to be a master work far beyond Zhuxi(朱熹)'s『Lunyujizhu(論語集註)』which still remain the most influential work on『the Analects』. This paper is a comparative research of Dasan and Zhuxi. It examines the portion of Question from no.49 to no.61 of the『Lunyugujinzu』and it reveals Dasan's extraordinary interpretive ability. Accordingly this paper definitely contributes to the academic establishment of Dasan studies. Regarding『the Analects』8-20, Zhuxi thought that the talented men in the Yaoxun(堯舜) period numbered those in the Zhou(周) Dynasty. In Dasan's view, conversely, Confucius' intent was to show that the Zhou Dynasty was more glorious than the Yaoxun period, because Tangyu(唐虞), a sage-king and a wise minister should be understood figuratively, not historically. Regarding『the Analects』8-21, Zhuxi translated that Confucius couldn't find out King Yu's fault at all, on a basis that the letter Jian(間) had the meaning of gap or fault. Meanwhile, Dasan translated differently; Confucius respect King Yu closely without gap or space. Regarding『the Analects』9-45, Zhuxi thought Siwen(斯文) as a humble speech of Sidao(斯道). However Dasan found Zhuxi's claim to be unlikely because in『the Analects』numerous phrases were possibly interpreted that way and, if so, they would be awkward expressions.