Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

영양표시정착화사업(Ⅱ) : 식품참고량설정에 관한 연구 Study on the Establishement of the Reference Amount in Foods

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,김보영,이정구,김창민,정해랑 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 영양표시에서 1회분량 및 영양소함량표시의 기준으로 사용되는 "식픔창고량"에 관한 연구를 수행하므로써 합리적이고 일관성있는 영양표시기준 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 및 캐나다를 중심으로 제외국의 현황 및 식품참고량 설정방법을 조사 ·연구 하으며 제도도입 및 개선 방안을 강구하였파. 또한, 시판 제품의 영양료시현황 및 음료류 둥의 포장단위 등을 피악하여 식품참고량설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 앞으로 국민건강 ·영양조사자료의 체계적인 통계분석, 가공식품의 섭취량조사 등을 통하여 우리나라 국민의 1인 1회 섭취량자료의 축적이 선행되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this ?roject is to study on the reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion to improve the nutrition labelling standards. We Performed to study on the methodology to establish the reference amounts on the basis of the review on the advanced counITy's status. And we investigated the packaged unit ofprocessed foods. Further study is needed to establlsh the customarily consumed amount per eating occasionthrough the statistical analysis of nationwide food consumption data. Our results will be helpful information to improve nutrition labelling system in Korea.

청소년의 인터넷 중독 정도에 따른 정신과적 공존질환 및 행동 양상에 관한 연구

이준영(June-Young Lee),박이진(E-Jin Park),조근호(Keun-Ho Joe),채숙희(Suk-Hi Chai),김성벽(Sung-Byuk Kim),이창욱(Chang-Uk Lee),김대진(Dai-Jin Kim) 한국중독정신의학회 2010 중독정신의학 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives:This study aimed to clarify the differences in psychiatric comorbidities and, behavioral patterns correlating with the severity of Internet addiction in adolescents. Methods:We assessed 321 adolescents recruited from an Internet rescue school, psychiatric outpatients, and 4 schools in Seoul and Gyeonggido. We divided them into a non-addicted group, a potential-risk group, and a high-risk group according to Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). We evaluated their psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral patterns via psychiatric clinical interview, the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a self-report questionnaire about behavioral pat-terns. Results:There were significant differences in CDI and STAI scores among the 3 groups. The IAT, CDI, and STAI scores correlated positively with each other. There were differences in psychiatric comorbidity distributions between the potential-risk and high-risk groups, but only “other mood disorder” showed a significant difference. There were also significant differences in behavioral patterns among the 3 groups. Conclusion:This study suggests that there are psychiatric comorbidity and behavioral pat-tern differences according to Internet addiction severity in adolescents. We expect further studies will reveal more profound understandings of these relationships.

인터넷 중독 고위험 청소년의 성별에 따른 임상적, 정신병리적 특성

이지윤(Ji Yoon Lee),권준근(Jun-Gun Kwon),이준영(Jun-Young Lee),정희연(Hee Yeon Jung),손보경(Bo Kyung Sohn),최삼욱(Sam Wook Choi),김대진(Dai Jin Kim),최정석(Jung-Seok Choi) 한국중독정신의학회 2016 중독정신의학 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives : Most previous studies of Internet addiction (IA) have been performed on males, and little is known about gen-der differences in IA. We examined gender differences in the clinical and psychopathological features related to high-risk for IA among adolescents. Methods : 714 (male : N=389 ; fe-male : N=325) have reported questionnaires as follows ; 1) clinical and psychopathological features (depression, anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, Smartphone addiction, impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and approach systems, state-trait anger, aggression, beliefs about aggression, and resilience) 2) Internet and Smartphone usage patterns. In 691 who completed the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), A total of 487 adolescents were classified into the normal Internet use group, with YIAT scores of 20-39 (male :N=232 ; female : N=255) and 204 adolescents were classified into high-risk for IA group (male : N=144 ; female : N=60). Results : Most factors described above predicted high-risk for IA in male and female adolescents. Especially, the present study found that psychological resilience had negative association with possibility of IA in female, while cognitive impulsivity and hostile aggression were associated with possibility of IA in male adolescents. Conclusion : This study found gender-re-lated features in adolescents at high-risk for IA. Thus, gender-specific strategies are needed to maximize prevention and treatment effectiveness of IA.

도시유역에서의 유출모형

이영대 釜山工業大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

This paper presents a semidistributed mathematical model for complex urban watershers which is good when excess rainfall and soil moisture centents are properly estimated. The algorithm is based on the continuity equation and kinematic wave theory, analixed by finite difference method. Wiht this studies, We know that this model is good for storm sewer design and management purposs.

洛東江 河口의 土質特性에 관한 調査硏究

이영대,인교동 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Data obtained from the subsurface exploration in Nak-dong river basin have been analyzed to characterize the general patterns of the soil strata and soil characteristics of soft ground. The soft soil is widely distributed over the entire plain adjacent to the Nak-dong river including the deltaic area in the mouth of a river. The soft clay layer is located below the top sand layer and it is sometimes found below the bottom sand layer in some restricted areas. The physical characteristics in the alluvial layer exhibited a widely scattered distribution and no clear pattern. The natural water content increased from the surface and reached it maximum value at the depth of 20m and thereafter it tended to decrease with depth. The unit weight showed a similar pattern to the natural water content. The soil was classified as CL or CH according to the unified soil classification system. The mechanical characteristics showed a tendency to increase with depth whereas the undrained shear strengths did not. The distribution of sensitivities of the soft clay showed no relation with depth. The values of overconsolidation ratio were distributed widely depending on the site but most of them were concentrated between 0.8 and 1.0 The values of compression index ranged between 0.2 and 1.2 but they showed great differences in the same area.

한국 어린이와 성인의 표준잇솔규격개발에 관한 연구

이원재,이병진,배광학,김영수,노정,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose of this study was to obtain basic anatomical data for developing optimal toothbrush which is appropriate for Koreans Dental study models were examined by measuring the length from labial midline of deciduous canine to distal surface of deciduous second molar, from labial midline of permanent canine to distal surface of second premolar, from mesial surface permanent first molar to distal surface of permanent second molar, cervico-incisal length of deciduous central incisor, cervico-incisal length of permanent central incisor, from mesiobuccal cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent maxillary first molar, from distolinual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent mandibular first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent mandiblar second molar in 241 subjects. And the width of right hand was examined on each subjects by measuring the length of landmarks which were selected in handwrist X-ray film. Commercial toothbrushes sold in Korea were collected and the head length, head width, bristle length and handle length of toothbrushes were measured. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 21.8 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 5.7 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 84.3 mm. 2. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 20.4 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 9.3 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 95.2 mm. 3. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 25.5 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 8.6 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which wee appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 9.6 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 101.1 mm. 4. Some toothbrush for children was not appropriate because of its big size, and toothbrush sells in Korea must be diversified for appropriate selection.

山地小流城에서 發生하는 洪水에 관한 硏究

이영대,이병주 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

As an unusual change of weather, there are frequently flood damage in the Jiri-Mt. To study there types of flood phenomina, rainfall data, channel characteristics, profile and quantity of flood were analyzed by analytical method and hydraulic model test. To make comparison between observation data with simulation and the experimental are with test The conclusion from this study may be summarized as follows 1. In the case of runoff simulation by using rainfall data observed in the bottom of mountain, the results must be considered rainfall intensity varied according to elevation of watershed. 2. The runoff simulation results by using Slope-Area method were in good agreement with observed ones and it was better than area-routing method. 3. Flood damaged area according to elevation datum point and width of channel is more widely influenced when flood volume is relatively small. 4. It appears that flash flood occurs frequently in the mountainous small watershed recently.

고성토의 암성토에 대한 흙의 함유율이 다짐에 미치는 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

이종출,이영대,정진호,류재학,정두회 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

We have carried out the field compaction tests in the site in which the high rock fill embankments are going to be constructed about 25m in height, to examine the effect of the soil fraction to the total embankment materials which are the mixture of rock fills and soils on the degree of field compaction. We have made four sets of in-situ concrete boxes of the size of 1.5m×1.5m×0.6m to obtain the maximum dry density of total embankment materials after compacting by using a 10-ton vibrating tamping roller. We have found, as a result, that the optimum passing number of the roller to yield the 90% of relative compaction economically attainable has appeared to be 8 passes, and that the percent of the soil fraction to the total embankment materials to yield the 90% of relative compation in the field has appeared to be 41.78% by weight.

大學敎育의 評價方法 改善方案에 關한 硏究

李揆成,權相善,金大倫,朴哉林,林鍾吉,朴英淑 新羅大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The present study aims to develop of evaluation method for college education. This study consiste of two parts: to identify the corelation between the freshmen's scores of pre-test for entrance examination and their scores of freshmen's year, and to make suggestions for the improvement of evaluation method in college on the basis of the former study results. Seen from the above mentioned aspects of this study, this study has meanings in its seek for a rational curriculum improvement and in its research of the pilot curriculum which presupposes the alleged system of limited graduation quota. This research which is conducted by above mentioned purpose andmeanings can be summerized as follows; 1) The freshmen's mean score of the-pre-test of college entrance examination is 192. 38. Among the departments of natural scienc attained the most higher score(204.22). and department of arts and gymnastics 162. 02 which is below average score. 2) In the achivements of the freshmn'e year the departments of natural sciences obtained the best results, followed by the departments of arts and gymnastics, education, and cultural aciences in oder. 3) There is no corelation between the pre-test scores of college entrance examination and the college achivement results. 4) The mean scores of the major and teaching subjects geneally increas as they go up into the advanced school years. 5) Each department has their own method of evaluation. 6) Teaching syllabus is asked to be presented whit the direction of clas, contents, purpose, and specific items of evaluation. 7) Achivements of college work must be evaluated by the normal distribution curve with the facts about specific factors of the study and students group taken into consideration.