Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

계단상승 시 몸통각도에 따른 운동학적 요인과 지면반력 변화

조현영,정남주 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical and ground reaction force variables according to the trunk lean[type A : 0~4deg., type B : 6~12deg.) during the stair ascent. For thi experiment, the stair structure was made and AMTI force plate was installed on the second and third stepping. Each motion was videotaped and digitalized with five video cameras to calculated the kinematical variables, and at the same time collected the ground reaction force. As a result, the following findings were obtained: 1. It was found that gait cycle of the type A was longer than type B, but ratio of the stance and swing to the gait cycle was similar to each other. Also it was found that stair ascent of the type A was more effective than that type B in the lower extremity motion. 2. It was found that stair ascent of the type A in the vertical and antero-posterior ground reaction force variables was more effective than that type B in that ascending the body weight.

荀子의 政治思想

鄭然植,趙顯傑 경북대학교 1987 社會科學 Vol.6 No.-

Hsu‥n Tzu lived in a day characterized by moral breakdown, frequent wars and a sense of impending doom. His influence on the form that confucianism ultimately assumed was tremendous. Hsu‥n Tzu's thought is to antithesis of that of Mencius. In contrast to Mencius, his theory succeeded to objectivism and empiricism of confucian school character. His basic doctrine is his contention that men is able to form a trinity with Heaven and human nature is evil. He recognized the importance of the desires and the emotions and of regulating them with li. The means of coping with desire is not to banish it but rather to guide them into the proper channels. Hsu‥n Tzu's ideas of goverment are essentially similar to those of confucius. Government is for the people, not for the ruler. But the wise king, he says, estabished li, went before the people with authority, guided them with li, admonished them by his decrees and instructed them by proclamations. Thus Hsu‥n Tzu developed confucianism into an authoritarian system.

孵化率에 미치는 卵形에 關한 硏究

조영래,정현승 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

본 시험은 부화율에 미치는 卵形에 關한 연구로서 卵形이 2年生 White Leghorn의 種卵 3,200個를 卵形別로 孵化시켰던 바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 卵形에 있어서는 卵形係數 0.7인 T_2區가 孵化率 94%로서 有意的으로 가장 좋았으며 卵形係數 0.7보다 큰 T_3區는 卵形係數 0.7보다 작은 T_4區보다 孵化率이 좋았다. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of egg shape on the hatchability. 3,200 hatching eggs laid from 2 year old white Leghorn were used by egg shape level. The results were summarized as follow: In the egg shape T_2lot(egg shape index 0.7) with 94% had the highest hatchability significantly. T_3 lot(egg shape index>0.7) had lower hatchability than T_4(egg shape index<0.7).

마늘첨가가 김치의 숙성 및 품질에 미치는 영향

조현경,박소희,조재선,정청송 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

마늘이 김치의 숙성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 cyclodextrin과 sorbitol의 마늘냄새 masking효과를 실험하였다. 김치 숙성 초기의 산도는 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 대조구에 비해서 높았고 환원당 함량은 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 높았으나 숙성말기에는 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 미생물의 경우 숙성초기에는 마늘 첨가에 의해 성장이 촉진되었으나 이후에 그 수준을 유지한 후에는 대조구에 비해서 오히려 억제되었다. 관능 검사 결과는 온도에 관계없이 마늘을 첨가하지 않은 김치가 모든 관능적인 면에서 유의적으로 나쁘게 평가되었으며 마늘을 2∼3% 첨가한 김치가 유의적으로 가장 좋게 평가되었다. Cyclodextrin 또는 sorbitol을 1%씩 첨가한 결과 마늘맛을 masking 하는데는 효과가 없었고 관능적으로도 나쁘게 평가되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic on the fermentation and organoleptic quality of kimchi. For this study, changes in pH, acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial count of kimchi during fermentation were tested and sensory test of fermented kimchi was also conducted. The acidity of kimchi with garlic was increased rapidly more than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation. Though the reducing sugar content was higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi, but that of all samples were almost same at mature stage of fermentation. Total bacteria and lactic acid bacterial counts were higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation, but those were reversed at final stage of fermentation. By the result of sensory test, garlic was contributed to taste and aroma positively at level of 2∼3g garlic to 100g of kimchi.

노화 흰쥐 간에 미치는 비타민 A 급성과다 효과 : Ⅱ.미세구조적 연구 Ⅱ.Ultrastructural Study

정형재,박원학,조현국 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

급성 비타민 A 과다가 노화과정의 진행정도(3,6,20개월)에 따라 간조직에 미치는 영향을 미세구조적으로 관찰하였다. 대조군 6개월의 세포구조는 불규칙한 핵막, 담모세관 주위의 dense body 증가와 더불어 RER의 종창이 관찰되었다. 20개월군에서 미토콘드리아의 소실, hyaloplasm의 형성 뿐만 아니라 residual body의 수적 증가가 나타났다. 비타민 A 투여군은 간정맥부와 동양혈관 변연부의 섬유화, 세포질 수포현상, 그리고 노화진행에 따라 세포간질의 협착이 보였다. 3,6개월군의 간세포질에서는 미토콘드리아의 소실과 RER의 붕괴가 관찰되었을 뿐만 아니라 지질저장 세포내의 지방소적의 축적과 담모세관 주위의 dense body 증가가수반되었다. 더우기 지질저장세포내의 지방소적은 그 축적도에 있어서 20개월군에서 증가하였다. 특히 간세포질에서 섬유가 관찰되였다. The effects of acute hypervitaminosis A on liver tissue, obtained from 3, 6, 20 months of rats, were studied by observing ultrastructural changes. The celluar structure in control grorp of 6 minths showed irregular nuclear envelope, dense bodies around bile canaliculi, and swelling of endoplasmic reticulum. That of 20 months appeared not only a loss of mitochondria, and formation of hyaloplasm, but also the number of residual body was increased. The results from treated with vitamin A, showed fibrosis of portal vein, cytoplasmic bullae, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and occlusions of intercellular space dependent upon aging process. In hepatic cytoplasm of 3 and 6 months group, a loss of mitochondria and disruption of RER were observed, as well as accumulation of lipid droplets within the lipid-storing cell and increased dense body around the bile canaliculi. Moreover, the lipid droplets within the lipid-storing cell. a degree of accumulation was increased in 20 months. Especially, the fiber appeared in hepatic cytoplasm on 20 months group.

반복하중을 받는 철근의 부착 응력도에 관한 실험적 연구

정란,박현수,조동철 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1991 신소재 Vol.1 No.-

지진하중에 대한 철근콘크리트 구조물의 거동을 예측하기 위해 지금까지 진행하였던 많은 실험들이 단순증가 반복하중을 작용시키고 있다. 그러나 실제 지진에 의해 발생되는 하중은 불규칙 반복하중으로써 이전까지 관례적으로 행해졌던 규칙적인 단순증가 반복하중에 의한 실험결과가 얼마만큼 신빙성이 있는가를 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진하중에 대한 실험에서는 어떠한 하중을 가져야 실제 거동과 근사한 결과를 얻을 수 있는가를 예측하기 위하여 철근콤크리트 구조물의 구조적 취약부분인 보-기둥 접합부에 규칙적인 단순증가 반복하중과 불규칙 반복하중을 작용시켜 접합부의 부착응력도의 분포를 비교 분석하였다. The prediction and estimation of R/C structure behavlor subjected to earthquake type loading is partly based on the experimental results of the monotonically increased cyclic loading, rather than that of the irregularly increased cyclic loading. However, actual earthquake is typical random vibration. In this respect, comparing and analysing experimental test results of R/C specimens subjected to monotonically increased cyclic loading and irrcgularly increased cyclic loading, this study proposes the research direction of irregularly increased cyclic loading during earthquake.

고추와 토마토에 대한 칼슘 엽면 시비 효과

조현종,진선재,정종배 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2003 생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of calcium on the Ca content and yield of tomato and red pepper plants. And the correlation between the Ca content of tissues and their resistance to fungal diseases was also investigated. The plants were sprayed with commercial Ca fertilizer (49.8% of water soluble CaO) three times during the growth period at a rate of 100 L/10a with 400x diluted solution per spray. Plants sprayed with water served as control. Studied spray had no effect on fruit yields of both tomato and red pepper. Sprays increased Ca concentrations in fruit and leaf. Foliar application of Ca decreased blossom end rot of tomato and fungal diseases in red pepper. These results indicate that foliar application of Ca can be recommended to increase fruit resistance to physiological disorders.

19세기 프랑스 산업화에 따른 노동자 가족의 생계 유지 방식에 대한 연구

조청현 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 歷史文化硏究所 1999 역사문화연구 Vol.9 No.-

유방암의 위와 대장전이

유현아,김은영,서민지,정은,조민정,오현진,장지혜,박지찬,이정의,박석영 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.2

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer is rare and only six cases have been reported in Korea. Colon metastasis is more rare than gastric metastasis. We report a 63-year-old woman with gastric and colon metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. She was diagnosed as right breast cancer, received right modified radical mastectomy 10 years ago and has been treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Investigating for melena and a small caliber of stool, we found gastric and colon metastases. The diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was made through gross pathologic and immunohistochemistry staining. We report a case with gastric and colon metastases from breast cancer and a review of the associated six case reports in Korea.