Identification of cranial nerve ganglia using sectioned images and three-dimensional models of a cadaver

Chung Yoh Kim,Jin Seo Park,Beom Sun Chung 대한통증학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.35 No.3

Background: Cranial nerve ganglia, which are prone to viral infections and tumors, are located deep in the head, so their detailed anatomy is difficult to understand using conventional cadaver dissection. For locating the small ganglia in medical images, their sectional anatomy should be learned by medical students and doctors. The purpose of this study is to elucidate cranial ganglia anatomy using sectioned images and three-dimensional (3D) models of a cadaver. Methods: One thousand two hundred and forty-six sectioned images of a male cadaver were examined to identify the cranial nerve ganglia. Using the real color sectioned images, real color volume model having a voxel size of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm was produced. Results: The sectioned images and 3D models can be downloaded for free from a webpage, anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/ganglia. On the images and model, all the cranial nerve ganglia and their whole course were identified. In case of the facial nerve, the geniculate, pterygopalatine, and submandibular ganglia were clearly identified. In case of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the superior, inferior, and otic ganglia were found. Thanks to the high resolution and real color of the sectioned images and volume models, detailed observation of the ganglia was possible. Since the volume models can be cut both in orthogonal planes and oblique planes, advanced sectional anatomy of the ganglia can be explained concretely. Conclusions: The sectioned images and 3D models will be helpful resources for understanding cranial nerve ganglia anatomy, for performing related surgical procedures.

Lymph Node Stations of Pancreas Which Are Identified in Real Color Sectioned Images of a Cadaver With Pancreatic Cancer

Kim Chung Yoh,Jung Yongwook,Park Jin Seo 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.46

Background: In pancreatic cancer surgery, anatomical understanding of lymph node metastases is required. Distinguishing lymph nodes in computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is challenging for novice doctors and medical students because of their small size and similar color to surrounding tissues. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the clinical anatomy of lymph node stations relevant to pancreatic cancer using newly sectioned images of a cadaver with true color and high resolution and their three-dimensional (3D) models. Methods: An 88-year-old female cadaver who died of pancreatic cancer was serially sectioned. Among the sectioned images of the whole body (0.05 mm-sized pixel, 48 bits color), images of the abdomen were selected, and examined to identify lymph nodes and nearby structures. 34 structures (9 in digestive system; 1 in urinary system; 2 in cardiovascular system; 22 in lymphatic system) were segmented on the sectioned images. Based on the sectioned and segmented images, volume and surface models were produced. Results: Among the known 28 lymph node stations, 21 stations were identified through location, size, and color of normal and abnormal structures in the sectioned images and 3D models. Two near the splenic artery could not be separated from the cancer tissue, and the remaining five were not clearly identified. In the surface models, the shape and location of lymph node stations could be confirmed with nearby structures. Conclusion: The lymph node stations relevant to pancreatic cancer can be anatomically understood by using the sectioned images and 3D models which contain true color and high resolution.

Application of Ecklonia cava Kjellman by-product as afeed additive: Enhancing weight gain, immunity and protection from Salmonella infection in chickens

Chung Yoh Kim,So yeon Park,Ki ju Kim,Han Jong Keon Tae Wook Hahn 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

한국인의 연속절단면영상에서 쓴 자동화기술

김정요(Chung Yoh Kim),박진서(Jin Seo Park) 대한체질인류학회 2021 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.34 No.3

절단면영상은 사람 몸 속을 실제빛깔, 고해상도로 볼 수 있어서 해부학과 신경해부학에서 배우는 거의 모든 구조물을 볼 수 있었다. 절단면영상을 여러 용도로 활용하기 위해서는 다양한 영상 처리 작업을 수행해야 했다. 이 작업을 자동화할 수 있다면 작업을 위한 인력과 시간을 많이 줄일 수 있고, 작업 결과도 한결같게 만들 수 있었다. 그러나 절단면영상은 빛깔개수가 많고 해상도가 높고 영상 개수가 많아서 자동화 기술을 쓰기 어려웠다. 이 연구의 목적은 절단면영상과 같은 실제빛깔, 고해상도 영상을 다룰 수 있는 자동화 방법을 소개하고 쓰는 방법을 알려서, 영상 연구를 하는 연구자들이 좀 더 많은 일을 빨리 할 수 있게 돕는 것이다. 절단면영상의 영상 처리작업을 자동으로 수행하기 위해서 Adobe Photoshop, Matlab 같은 상업용 소프트웨어와 MRIcroGL, FMRIB Software Library 같은 무료 소프트웨어를 함께 썼다. 소프트웨어에서 자동으로 수행하지 못하는 작업은 C++ 프로그래밍 언어와 Javascript 언어로 코딩하여 자동화 기술을 개발하였다. 자동화 기술을 써서 절단면영상에서 여러 구조물을 빛깔로 칠한 구역화영상을 만들었다. 절단면영상과 구역화영상으로 표면3차원영상과 부피3차원영상을 자동으로 만들었다. 표면3차원영상과 부피3차원영상을 Adobe Reader와 MRIcroGL로 볼 수 있게 만들었다. 자동화 기술을 써서 절단면영상을 처리하는 데 소요되는 시간과 노력을 줄일 수 있었다. 하지만 자동화만으로 최종 결과물을 만들 수 없기 때문에 수동화 작업을 함께 해야했다. 가장 좋은 최종 결과물을 만들기 위해서 자동화 기능과 수동화 기능을 잘 조합하여 쓰는 것이 중요했다. 앞으로 자동화 기능을 더 찾고 개발해서 수동화 작업을 최대한 줄일 것이다. The sectioned images of Visible Korean Project can display the structures of entire body in detail by virtue of the real color and high resolution. To utilize the sectioned images for various purposes, automatic image processing should be done. However, the automation for the sectioned images could not be easily done because of real color and high resolution of the images. This study aimed to introduce automatic techniques for image processing of the sectioned images to help researchers save working times for this processing. The automatic techniques for the sectioned images were developed using commercial software such as Adobe Photoshop and Matlab and non-commercial software such as MRIcroGL and FMRIB Software Library. Also, we developed the self-developed software by C++ and JAVA script for the automatic techniques because some procedures unable to be processed using the software. By using the automatic techniques, the segmented images of some structures were made automatically from the sectioned images. From the sectioned images and the segmented images, the surface models and the volume models were produced automatically. To display both the sectioned images and segmented images, browsing software was used. To display the surface models and the volume model, Adobe Reader and MRIcroGL were used. By using the automaitc techniques, times and efforts for image processing of the sectioned images could be saved. However, since the automatic techniques could not produce complete results by itself, manual work should be done together in some procedures. To produce best results from the sectioned images, it was important to use the automation and the manual works in balance. In future studies, additional automatic techniques will be devised to reduce manual work for efficiency.

A comprehensive review of the mental spine

Ross Champagne(Ross Champagne ),Rithvik Vutukuri(Rithvik Vutukuri ),Chung Yoh Kim(Chung Yoh Kim),R. Shane Tubbs(R. Shane Tubbs ),Joe Iwanaga(Joe Iwanaga ) 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.1

Clinical case reports and research regarding the mental spines and their associated structures create a detailed picture of the floor of the mouth for assessment during clinical treatment. This compilation of information covers the mental spines, the attached geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles, the lingual foramina, and the veins and arteries of the jaw and floor of the mouth. It is important to consider the variations in the mental spines for oral and maxillofacial treatment involving the mandible. Differences in anatomy of the mental spine, including their number, location, and size, can impact diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Gender Differences in Children's Clothing Orientation and Clothing Purchase Behaviors

Kim, Mee Sun,Chung, Hyei-Young,Yoh, Eunah The Costume Culture Association 2002 Fashion, industry and education Vol.5 No.3

The purpose of this study was to explore children's gender differences in their clothing orientation and clothing purchase behaviors. For this study, data were collected from 166 fifth and sixth graders attending three elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaire survey data were analyzed through factor analysis, crosstabulation, and t-test. In result, gender differences were found in children's clothing orientation, clothing purchase behaviors, and post-purchase behaviors. Girls were more interested in clothing than were boys, and thus girls used a variety of information sources for clothing shopping, taking an active role during the purchase process, compared to boys. Different characteristics of two gender groups of older children in school age were described. Marketing implications based on findings were provided for practitioners.

어머니의 양육태도가 학령기 아동의 의복성향과 의복구매행동에 미치는 영향

김미선,정혜영,여은아 한국의류학회 2003 한국의류학회지 Vol.27 No.6

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of mother's parenting attitudes on children's clothing orientation and clothing purchase behaviors. The questionnaires for this study were distributed to 166 fifth and sixth graders of elementary schools and 166 their mothers in Seoul. The data were analyzed through chi-square test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, and LSD test. Responses were classified as 4 group (Acceptance-Autonomy, Acceptance-Control, Rejection-Autonomy, and Rejection-Control groups) based on mother's parenting attitude. The four groups showed significant differences both in clothing orientation and clothing purchase behaviors. Especially, the Rejection-Control group, which is easily influenced by peer students, placed much emphasis on fashionability of clothing and showed strong complaining behaviors toward unsatisfactory clothing selected by their mothers. Study results suggest the importance of mother's parenting attitude on analysis of target market for children's wear.

Gender Differences in Children`s Clothing Orientation and Clothing Purchase Behaviors

( Mee Sun Kim ),( Hyei Young Chung ),( Eun Ah Yoh ) 복식문화학회 2002 Fashion, industry and education Vol.5 No.3

Formaldehyde 처리 보리와 옥수수의 젖소 소화관내 영양소 분해율 : II. 하부장기내 영양소 분해율 II. Intestinal degradabilities of nutrients

이상철,김병기,강희신,정연후,문여황 한국낙농학회 1995 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

발을 움직일 수 있는 표면3차원영상 만들기

김슬기(Seul Ki Kim),김정요(Chung Yoh Kim),박진서(Jin Seo Park) 대한체질인류학회 2020 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.33 No.3

해부학 교육과 전자기방사선 산업에 움직이는 표면3차원영상이 필요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 움직이는 표면3차원영상 만드는 방법을 낱낱이 알려서, 다른 연구자가 그 방법을 활용하게 하는 것이다. 더불어 관절 움직임을 알아야 하는 학생, 연구자들의 해부학 공부에 도움을 주는 것이다. Photoshop을 써서 Visible Korean의 여성 온몸 절단면영상에서 보이는 종아리와 발의 구조물 53개의 구역화영상을 만들었다. Mimics에서 구역화영상을 표면3차원영상으로 만들었다. Maya에서 표면3차원영상의 발목관절과 목말밑관절에 가상관절을 넣었다. Ziva에서 뼈와 근육 표면3차원영상의 속성을 실제 뼈와 근육처럼 만들었다. Maya에서 가상관절을 축으로 뼈를 움직이면서 뼈와 근육이 실제처럼 움직이는 것을 확인하였다. 표면3차원영상을 Deep Exploration 소프트웨어와 Adobe Acrobat 소프트웨어에서 PDF로 만들었다. 모든 표면3차원영상을 MB 파일, ObJ 파일, PDF 파일로 저장하였다. Maya와 Adobe Reader에서 표면3차원영상을 해부학자세, 발바닥굽힘자세, 발등굽힘자세, 안쪽들림자세, 또는 가쪽회전자세로 움직일 수 있었다. 이 연구에서는 상용소프트웨어로 표면3차원영상의 구조물을 실제처럼 움직일 수 있게 하는 방법을 찾았다. 앞으로 이 연구에서 개발한 기술을 써서 Visible Korean의 표면3차원영상에서 보이는 모든 관절을 임상해부학 수준의 심도 있는 움직임을 할 수 있게 만들 것이다. 이러한 움직임이 적용된 가상인체가 만들어지면 해부학 교육뿐 아니라 산업용으로도 매우 쓸모있게 이용될 것이다. Movable surface models are needed for anatomy education and the electromagnetic radiation industry. The purpose of this study is to present how to make movable surface models in detail, so that anyone can make movable surface models for the desired purpose. In addition, it helps students and researchers who need to know joint motion to study anatomy. Using Photoshop software, the segmented images of 53 structures of leg and foot were created based on the female sectioned images of Visible Korean. In Mimics software, the surface models were created by stacking and surface-reconstructing the segmented images. In Maya software, two virtual joints were inserted in the ankle joint and subtalar joint of the surface models, and in Ziva software, the properties of the bone and muscle surface models were made like real bones and muscles. By rotating the bones on virtual joints in Maya, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, or eversion of the foot surface models were checked. The surface models were made as PDF using Deep Exploration software and Adobe Acrobat software. All surface models were saved as MB files, ObJ files, and PDF files. In Maya software and Adobe Reader software, the surface models could be moved in anatomical position, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion. In this study, commercial software was used to find a way to move the structure of surface models as if it were real. In the near future, using the technology developed in this study, the movements on all joints in the surface models of Visible Korean will be materialized. When the movable surface models with these movements are made, it will be very useful not only for anatomy education but also for industrial use.