대장내시경검사의 전처치로서 항콜린제 사용에 관한 연구 : 전향적, 이중맹검법으로

박경남,한동수,이민호,최호순,박준용,손주현,이오영,함준수,전용철,송승찬,기춘석,윤병철,이종희 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.3

Background: Use of antispasmodic medication prior to colonoscopy is controversial but someone believes antispasmodic may improve visualization of colonic mucosa and ease colonoscope insertion. So, we designed a study to assess the effect of premedication with the antispasmodic, hyoscine-N-butyl bromide(Buscopan') on the performance of colonoscopy. Methods: This study was prospective, double blinded, randomized, controlled study, One hundred three consecutive patients were randomized to receive intravenous buscopan lml(n=52) or placebo(n=51) combined with our standard initial medication(me- peridine 50 mg and midazolam 2 mg). Insertion of colonoscopy was timed, and 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) were used for asscssing difficulty of procedure, colonic motility, frequency of positional change, frequency of external compression, difficulty of assistance and degree of discomfort experienced by the patients. Results: There were no significant differences of intubation time between buscopan group(mean time, 7.23 min., range 2~15) and placebo group(7.07 min., range 3-25), (p=0.83) and withdrawal time between buscopan group (6.46 min., range 2-22) and placebo group(6.76 min., range 2 25), (p=0.69). Also, there was no significant differences in intubation time between males and females(buscopan; males 7.00 min., females 7.60 min., p=0.34, placebo; males 7.0~5 min., females 7.08 min., p 0.44). The VAS scores checked by endoscopist(p=0.29), assistant(p=0.32) and patient (p=0.15) were not significantly different in both groups. There were no significant differences in intubation time, VAS scores nf endoscopist, assistant, and patients. Conclusion: Premedication with intravenous bu.opan has no advantage on colonoscopy procedure. Use of antispasmodic medication prior to colonoscopy was not considered as recommendable agent.

유아 성폭력 예방교육활동의 적용효과에 관한 연구

최민수 ( Choi Min-soo ),공양님 ( Kong Yang-nim ) 열린부모교육학회 2016 열린부모교육연구 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동을 통하여 만 5세 유아의 성지식 및 성태도에 미치는 효과를 검증하여 유아교육현장에 실효성 있는 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동의 적용 가능성을 모색하기 위한 목적으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 목적을 위하여 G광역시에 소재하는 K어린이집 유아 18명에게는 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동을 적용하였고, B어린이집 유아 19명에게는 일상적인 누리과정에 따른 교육활동이 적용되었다. 유아의 성지식과 성태도를 조사하기 위해 사용한 검사도구는 백라지(2004), 한선희(2005), 우민정(2010)이 사용한 도구를 김수미(2012)가 재구성하여 사용한 검사도구를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 독립표본 t검증으로 분석하였고, 통계적 유의도 수준은 .05 이상으로 하였다. 연구결과 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동의 적용효과는 유아의 성지식과 성태도에서 실험집단이 통제집단에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p < .001). 본 연구결과를 통하여 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동 적용은 유아의 성지식 및 성태도를 증진하는데 효과적인 것으로 입증되었다. 즉, 유아 성폭력 예방교육활동을 체계적으로 경험한 유아들은 그렇지 않은 유아들에 비하여 성폭력 안전에 관련된 위협적인 상황이 발생했을 때 더 안전하게 위협에 대처할 수 있는 능력이 증진되었음을 나타내는 증거로 해석될 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 유아들에게 보다 적극적으로 성폭력 예방교육을 실시해야 할 시사점을 제공하고 있다. This study was carried out for the purpose of grouping the possibility of applying realistic, effective prevention education activities from infant sexual violences in infant education fields by verifying influencing effects on infants` sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of 5-year in full through prevention education activities from infant sexual violences. For doing so, prevention education activities from infant sexual violences were applied to 18 infants in K Daycare Center located in G Metropolitan City, and educational activities according to daily Nuri process were applied to 19 infants of B Daycare Center. For the test tool having been used to investigate sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes, it was utilized after Kim Soo-mi (2012) recomposed the using tool by Back La-gi (2004), Han Seon-hee (2005), and Woo Ming-jeong (2010). Data analyse were done by independent sampling t-Test, and statistical significance level was made to over .05. Research results are same as follows. Prevention education activities from infant sexual violences appeared higher significantly at the experimental group than the control group in sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes.(p<.001). This finding indicates that prevention education activities from infant sexual violences was turned up as giving positive influences to whole sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes relatively rather than educational activities centering on life theme in Nuri process, and there were prominent differences from coping capabilities in the process of groping ways of doing practices when situations of doing threats on safety of sexual violences in infant education fields occur.

초기 자궁내막암 환자에서의 복강경유도하 질식 자궁절제술과 복식 자궁절제술에 대한 비교 연구

김민규 ( Min Kyu Kim ),최동석 ( Dong Seok Choi ),김우영 ( Woo Young Kim ),최철훈 ( Chel Hun Choi ),김태중 ( Tae Joong Kim ),이정원 ( Jeong Won Lee ),김병기 ( Byoung Gie Kim ),이제호 ( Je Ho Lee ),배덕수 ( Duk Soo Bae ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.12

Objective: To compare laparoscopic surgery with conventional abdominal surgery in patients with early stage endometrial cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of 63 patients with early stage endometrial cancer managed between March 2003 and May 2005. Two groups were defined whether they had been treated by laparoscopy (case group: n=26) or by laparotomy (control group: n=37). We compared age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin change, operation time, number of pelvic lymph nodes, hospital stay, case with adjuvant treatment and recurrence between two groups. Results: There was no statistical difference in characteristics (age, BMI, nulliparity, previous abdominal surgery, FIGO stage, histologic grade). between case and control group. In addition, there was no statistical difference in operation data and outcomes between two groups. Hemoglobin changes were 1.1 g/dL (case group) vs 1.7 g/dL (control group) (p=0.072). Operation time was 131 min vs. 115 min. The numbers of lymph nodes obtained were 8.7 vs 7.7 (right) 9.2 vs. 7.6 (left). Hospital stays were 8.4 vs. 9.2 days. Adjuvant treatment cases were 7 vs. 15. Recurrent case was one in each group. Two patients initially evaluated by laparoscopy were converted to laparotomy due to bleeding and adhesion. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for treatment of early endometrial cancer is a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy . However, long-term survival and risk of recurrence have yet to be determined.

The effects of secondary task on the control of vehicle under driving simulator: a study among 50s taxi drivers

Han Soo Kim,Jin Seung Choi,Dong Won Kang,Hong Won Yeon,Mi Hyun Choi,Doo Hwan Ji,Byung Chan Min,Soon Cheol Chung,Gye Rae Tack 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task during simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle. Background: There are so many researches for simulated driving and performance. For instance, some researches show that the effects of cell phone conversations on simulated driving. Cell phone conversations impaired explicit recognition memory. Method: Participants included 50s taxi drivers; 15 males and 15 females. All subjects were instructed to keep a distance (30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed (80km/hr or 100km/hr). Sending text message (STM) and Searching navigation (SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of rest for 3min., driving alone for 1min. and driving with secondary task for 1 min.. We were analyzed anterior-posterior coefficient of variation (APCV) and medial-lateral coefficient of variation (MLCV). Results: APCV was increased by 175.4% in STM and 223.8% in SN at 80km/hr. MLCV was increased by 242.3% in STM and 323.4% in SN at 100km/hr. There was no significant difference between genders. Conclusion: Consequently, performing secondary task during driving impaired the control of vehicle.

목질바이오매스의 초임계수 처리에 의한 리그닌의 화학적 변환

이수민(Lee, Soo-Min),이오규(Lee, Oh-Kyu),최석환(Choi, Seok-Hwan),최준원(Choi, Joon-Weon),최돈하(Choi, Don-Ha) 한국신재생에너지학회 2008 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

The modified supercritical water treatment method is adopted for hydrolysis of wood powder, Populus albatimesglandulosa. This modified method is containing 0.05% HCl or HNO₃ as acid catalyst. The supercritical water treatment(SCW) was performed for 1 min. with 350?C, 380?C, 400?C and 425?C, respectively, under 230 pm 10 atm using continuous flow system. When acid was added to powder prepared for SCW treatment, the yields of monomeric sugars were significantly increased. The lignin remained after supercritical treatment was applied to gel permeation chromatography(GPC) for molecular weight distribution analysis. Compared to the lignin produced from SCW treatment without acid catalyst, the average molecular weight of lignin compounds treated with acid was clearly decreased. Particularly, Mn/Mw ratio is decreased. This result shows supercritical water treatment of wood powder can change the molecular weight of lignin to small size. However, it is necessary to be further studied for exactly characterizing the lignin produced from supercritical water treatment.

허웅의 ‘훈민정음’에 대한 인식과 영향관계 : 19세기 말∼20세기 전반기, ‘국어학’ 학술네트워크 고찰을 위하여

서민정(Seo, Min-jeong),최규수(Choi, Kyu-soo) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2020 코기토 Vol.- No.90

‘훈민정음’은 일제강점기 이후 일본 제국에 저항할 수 있는, 민족적 자부심이 담긴 대표적인 유산으로 여겨왔다. 그리고 그러한 인식은 19세기 말∼20세기 초의 지식인, 특히 국어학자들의 훈민정음에 대한 연구성과와 직접 연결되어 있다. 특히 ‘허웅’은 20세기 전반기의 국어학 연구나 언어에 대한 인식 등을 현재까지 잇는 중간 역할을 하였다는 측면에서 ‘허웅’의 훈민정음 인식에 대해 주목할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 앞선 연구에서 주로 다루어 온 주시경, 권덕규, 김윤경, 최현배, 홍기문 등의 연구 성과를 바탕으로 허웅의 ‘훈민정음’에 대한 인식이나 연구에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. 그것은 허웅(1974가, 나)에서 볼 수 있듯이 그의 말과 글의 관계나, 한글전용과 같은 언어 정책에 대한 입장 등은 대부분 ‘훈민정음’ 특히 ‘어제서문’의 해석과 관련하여 설명되고 있어서 그의 ‘훈민정음’에 대한 인식을 검토할 필요성이 있기 때문이다. 한편 허웅은 학문에 대한 태도는 실증적이고 엄정하다는 평가를 받고 있고 스스로도 그러한 관점에서 연구하고자 하였다. 그러나 훈민정음 서문의 해석에서는 앞선연구의 전통을 그대로 이어받아 실증적이고 비판적인 태도를 찾아보기 힘들었다. 이 연구에서는 그러한 허웅의 관점이 허웅의 학문적 태도에서 출발했다기보다는 훈민정음에 대한 우리의 인식이 그만큼 맹목적인 부분이 있었기 때문이었음을 강조하고자 하였다. 허웅의 훈민정음에 대한 인식은 『한글과 민족 문화』(1974ㄱ)에 선명히 나타나 있는데, 이외에도 『우리말과 글의 내일을 위하여』(1974), 『우리말과 글에 쏟아진 사랑』(1979), 「세종의 언어 정책과 국어 순화 정신」 (1980), 『이삭을 줍는 마음으로』(1981) 등에서도 그의 훈민정음에 대한 인식을 엿볼 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 위의 자료를 바탕으로 허웅의 훈민정음에 대한 인식을 고찰하고자 한다. Since the flowering period, ‘Hunminjeongeum’ has been understood as a representative heritage showing the pride of the people who oppose the Western modernity or resist the Japanese empire. In this process, it was natural that the research related to the Hunminjeongeum of intellectuals, especially Korean scholars, became the basis. So far, in the previous study, discussions about Hunminjeongeum such as Ju Si Kyung, Kwon Duk Kyu, Kim Yoon Kyung, Choi Hyun Bae, and Hong Gi Moon have been discussed to some extent. However, there is a need for this research in that the review of the ‘Hunminjeongeum’ by Mr. Huh has not been done yet. As we can see in Huh Woong(1974, I) in particular, the relationship between his words and writings, and the position of language policy, such as Hangul, are mostly explained in relation to the contents of ‘Hunminjeongeum’, especially ‘Preface’, which makes it more necessary to examine his perception of ‘Hunminjeongeum’. On the other hand, as discussed in Seo Min-jeong(2011), “Hunminjeongeum” and “Preface” were translated into the language of the 15th century (say) and translated into the language of the 20th century in the first half of the 20th century. The material that reveals Huh Woong’s awareness of Hunminjeongeum is “Hangul and National Culture”(1974). Other than that, for the sake of Korean and Writing tomorrow (1974), Korean and Writing Love(1979), Sejong’s Language Policy and Korean Refinement Spirit(1980), Isaac’s Mind, etc.(1981), and the Korean and Korean Cultures(1974, Sejong University, and the Korean People’s Association(1974), The Korean language policy is also discussed, and the teacher’s recognition of the Hunminjeongeum can be said to be followed by the Korean language policy. Based on the above data, I would like to examine the perception of Hunminjeongeum by Mr. Huh. In this study, we found that the attitude of Huh Hung"s scholarship showed a different pattern in the interpretation of the preface of Hunminjeongeum. And it was examined that such aspect did not overcome the limitations of the situation of the times rather than the problem of attitude of Heung. Based on these considerations, we should recognize that it is time to reinterpret and evaluate Hunminjeongeum.

Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

대장직장 종양에 대한 내시경 점막하 절제술의 연대순 임상 결과와 학습 곡선

이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),김은수 ( Eun Soo Kim ),박경식 ( Kyung Sik Park ),조광범 ( Kwang Bum Cho ),김동춘 ( Dong Choon Kim ),강유진 ( Yu Jin Kang ),이유진 ( Yoo Jin Lee ),이정민 ( Jung Min Lee ),최은성 ( Eun Sung Choi ),최재혁 ( Ja 대한소화기학회 2014 대한소화기학회지 Vol.64 No.4

Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective procedure for en-bloc curative resection of the colorectal tumor. As it requires high technical skills and experience in therapeutic endoscopy, it is important to understand learning curve of ESD technique. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the clinical results of ESD and to evaluate learning curve for the ESD of colorectal tumors. Methods: A total of 90 patients with 90 colorectal neoplasms, who had undergone ESD at a tertiary referral hospital from July 2009 to December 2012, were enrolled. The ESD was performed by a single endoscopist. All ESD cases were divided into three periods: first, cases 1-30; second, cases 31-60; and third, cases 61-90. Results: The en-bloc resection rates in third period (100%) was significantly higher than that of the first (93.3%) and second period (80%) (p=0.025). The perforation rate in third period (0%) also significantly decreased compared with that of the first (13.3%) and second period (20%) (p=0.032). To calibrate the difference of tumor size among periods, proficiency was calculated, as the procedure time per specimen area (min/cm2). The proficiency in third period (4.3) was significantly shorter than that of the first (16.8) and second period (10.2) (p=0.004). Conclusions: The learning curve of colorectal ESD in our study shows that at least 60 cases of ESD have to be conducted to acquire sufficient skill of degree without perforation. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2014;64:198-205)

Controlled post-sulfurization process for higher efficiency nontoxic solution-deposited CuIn_0.7Ga_0.3Se₂ absorber thin films with graded bandgaps

Jang, Jin Woo,Lee, Seung Min,Choi, Ik Jin,Cho, Yong Soo ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.710 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A practical way of adjusting post-sulfurization process with variable durations is proposed to improve the cell-conversion efficiency of non-toxic solution driven CuIn<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>Se<SUB>2</SUB> absorber thin films. The degree of bandgap grading was controllable by changing the sulfurization time from 2 min to 30 min due to the dissimilar distribution of sulfur across the absorber layer. Deeper intensified distributions of Ga and S were responsible for enhancements in the open-circuit voltage and cell-conversion efficiency. A competitive efficiency of ∼8.81% for the 10 min-sulfurized CIGSSe cell was achieved with other promising parameters, i.e., short-circuit current density of 33.17 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.496 V, and fill factor of 53.5%, resulting from the improved carrier collection and reduced recombination by the bandgap grading. This improved efficiency corresponds to a ∼15.6% enhancement compared to the unsulfurized sample.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Controlled post-sulfurization process enhances cell efficiency of CuIn<SUB>0.7</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.3</SUB>Se<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Sulfur penetrates easily toward the back contact with concentration gradient. </LI> <LI> A graded bandgap structure is responsible for the improved charge collection. </LI> <LI> The achieved cell efficiency of ∼8.81% corresponds to the ∼15.6% enhancement. </LI> <LI> Actual bandgap variations are projected on the basis of elemental distributions. </LI> </UL> </P>

Dose-linear pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid after intravenous and oral administration in rats

Jeong, Dong Won,Kim, Young Hoon,Kim, Hui Hyun,Ji, Hye Young,Yoo, Sun Dong,Choi, Won Rack,Lee, Soo Min,Han, Chang-Kyun,Lee, Hye Suk WILEY PUBLISHERS 2007 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.28 No.2

<P>The pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. From Caco-2 cell permeation studies, oleanolic acid was a low permeability compound with no directional effects, suggesting a low in vivo absorption mediated by a passive diffusion. Oleanolic acid was metabolically unstable following incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. After intravenous injection at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, oleanolic acid showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics as evidenced by unaltered CL (28.6–33.0 ml/min/kg), V<SUB>ss</SUB> (437–583 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (16.0–17.9 µg min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t<SUB>1/2</SUB> (41.9–52.7 min). Following oral administration of oleanolic acid at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, T<SUB>max</SUB>, t<SUB>1/2</SUB>, dose-normalized C<SUB>max</SUB> (66–74 ng/ml based on 25 mg/kg) and dose-normalized AUC (5.4–5.9 µg min/ml based on 25 mg/kg) were comparable between 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, but the plasma concentrations at 10 mg/kg dose were not measurable as they were below the limit of quantitation (2 ng/ml). The absolute oral bioavailability was 0.7% for oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The very low oral bioavailability of oleanolic acid could be due to a poor absorption and extensive metabolic clearance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>