내 원통이 회전하는 2개 원통간의 열전달

최인규,이석호 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

An experimental research, in the range of the modified Taylor number 8.6×10∼2.4×??, was carried out to investigate the heat transfer between two concentric cylinders with an inner rotating cylinder. The difference between the experimental Nusselt number and the computed Nusselt number from Aoki's experimental equation is considered to be caused by natural convection heat transfer. The results of this study are summerized as follows: 1. In a mixed flow regime where natural convection takes place, transition from laminar to turbulent flow was observed at the modified Taylor number about 1,700∼2,000 just as in the pure forced convection flow. 2. A line of demarcation between mixed convection flow and pure forced convection flow is approximately shown as ??=9×??-12(Ta)?? The applicable range of the equation is 3×10²?? (Ta)m???8×10⁴ ?? 3. At the same modified Taylor number, the increase of Nusselt number caused by natural convection in a mixed flow is appoximately proportional to (??)?? 4. At the sam GrPr number within the range of 8??90, the increase of Nusselt number caused by natural convection in mixed flow increases with the modified Taylor number up to 1,700∼2,000, and decreases when it exceeds 2,000.

天然 Chelate 高分子인 Chitin의 化學的 處理와 그 金屬이온 吸着特性에 關한 硏究

崔奎碩 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1988 環境科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

게껍질을 분리해서 염산수용액으로 탄산칼슘을 용출시켜 chitin을 제조하고, 이를 수산화나트륨용액으로 단백질과 색소인 carotenoid를 분리시키고, 다시 알칼리로 재처리하여 소량 잔존하는 단백질과 색소를 분리시켰다. 이를 과산화수소를 처리하고 수산화나트륨 용액으로 최종 처리해서 순백색의 chitin을 얻었다. 또한 Red-crab shell의 성분을 분석한 결과 순수한 chitin은 18~19% 함유하고 있으며 칼슘이 55~60%존재하며 단백질이 10%내외로 존재하고 있다. 각각 화학적으로 처리한 킬레이트 고분자의 금속이온 흡작능을 100ppm용액에서 pH변화에 따라 Hg(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅵ) 등의 금속이온에 대하여 검토하였다. 일반적인 흡착특성은 pH가 증가함에 따라 금속이온의 흡착능은 증가하였으나 Cr(Ⅵ)는 pH2.5 부근에서 최대흡착을 하는 특이한 경향을 보였으며 Hg(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ)는 pH6 이상에서 거의 80%이상의 흡착능을 보였으며, Cd(Ⅱ)는 pH 전영역에서 30%이하의 흡착능을 나타내었다. Pure chitin was obtained from red-crab shell by the chemical treatment with HCI,NaOH and H₂O₂ The crude chitin exists as a complex of protein, calcium carbonate and chitin, therefore, treating with several reagents and the change of the characteristics were determined, and physical changes were observed. The adsorptivities of the treated polymers to the ions, such as Hg(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) ions were determined by batch method. The adsorptive tendency of these chelating polymers to most of metallic ions were increased with increase of pH, however Cr(Ⅵ) showed different adsorption tendencv showing maximum adsorptivity at pH 2.5.

연속 회분식 반응조를 이용한 Nightsoil 중의 유기물 제거에 관한 연구

주충열,최규석,박호성 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

본 연구는 회분식 활성슬러지법을 이용하여 분뇨중의 유기물 제거에 관해 조사, 분석하였는데 같은 용적의 연속회분식 반응조(SBR, Sequencing Batch Reactors) 2기를 제작하고 처리량 및 유기물 부하변동에 대한 처리효율변화를 알아보기 위해 처리량을 달리하여 실험하였다. 시료는 분뇨처리장의 일차처리 유출수를 10배 희석하여 사용하였으며 SBR 1은 1일에 1cycle만 운전하여 0.5ℓ를 처리토록 하였고, SBRⅡ는 1일에 3cycle을 운전하여 1.5 ℓ를 처리토록 하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 유기물 제거율은 SBRⅠ이 BOD 92.4%, COD 86.6%, SS 94.5%이었으며 SBRⅡ는 BOD 92.5%, COD 94.3%, SS 94.3%로 처리량이 3배 많았던 SBRⅡ의 유기물 제거율이 SBRⅠ의 유기물제거율과 거의 유사하여 처리량 및 유기물부하 변동에 대한 회분식 활성 슬러지법의 적응능력이 매우 우수한 것으로 나타 났으며 2개의 반응조 모두 유입되는 유기물의 양에 비해 생성되는 슬러지의 양이 적었으므로 잉여슬러지의 폐기가 거의 불필요 하였다. 2. TKN 제거율은 SBRⅠ이 74.0%, SBRⅡ가 79.7%로 시료주입 및 반응을 매 cycle마다 2회로 나누어 실시하였던 SBRⅡ의 처리효율이 더 좋았으므로 질소제거율을 높이기 위해서는 가능한 시료주입 및 반응을 여러차례로 나누어 실시하는 것이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 계절별로 분뇨의 반입량변동이 매우 심한 읍면 분뇨처리장에 회분식 활성슬러지법을 적용시킬경우 반입량에 따라 cycle을 조절하여 유기물 부하 변동에 쉽게 대처함은 물론, 반입량이 적은 계절에는 cycle 중에서도 대기(Idle)시간을 길게 하므로서 전력비 및 유지관리비도 절감시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단 되었다. Some 1,100 ㎘/day out of 7,900 ㎘/day of collected night soil is treated by small scale rural type night soil treatment plants in Korea. In rural plants, night soil flow varies severely from season to season, thus, the conventional continuous flow activated sludge process is not so feasible technologically as well as economically. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR)which can be adapted easily by varying organic loads. Two SBRs of same size were run treating 10 times diluted primary effluents with strength of 490mg/ℓin BOD, 2250mg/ℓin COD, 625mg/ℓin SS;for SBRⅠ, one cycle of feed, react, settle, draw, and idle per day to treat 0.5ℓ/day, and for SBRⅡ, three cycles per day to treat 1.5ℓ/day. The results could be summarized as follows; A. Organic removal efficiency 1) BOD of SBRⅠand SBRⅡeffluents were 37.0mg/ℓand 36.6mg/ℓin average, respectively. Organic removal efficiency of 92.4% for SBRⅠand 92.5% for SBRⅡ were obtained. 2) Average effluent COD from both reactors were same, 302mg/ℓ. Lower removal efficiency of 82.6% was obtained compared to BOD removal. 3) SS of SBRⅠand SBRⅡeffluents were 34.5mg/ℓand 35.5mg/ℓ, respetively. Relativly high SS removal efficieny, 94.5% for SBRⅠand 94.3% for SBRⅡ, was obtained. B. TKN Removal Efficiency. Average TKN removal efficiency was 74.0% for SBRⅠand 79.7% for SBRⅡ. SBRⅡ which had two times of feed and reaction per cycle showed higher efficiency than SBRⅠwhich had one time of feed and reaction per cycle. Therefore, it was thought to be desirable to increase time to fill and reaction for TKN removal. C. In spite of considerably different organic loads, both reactors showed satisfactory organic and nitrogen removal efficiency. This means that SBR process can be satisfactorily applied to the rural type night soil treatment plants. In both reactors, activated sludge produced was so small that the disposal of excess sludge was a minor problem.

면역억제제를 사용치 않은 동소성 간이식 실험견의 조직병리소견

조원현,최순옥,김인호,임태진,김성수,박준희,김우석,김현철,최규택,김진모,권건영 大韓移植學會 1994 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.8 No.1

천이금속 표면에서의 수소 흡입의 동력학 : 수소흡착, 방출과 확산에 관하여

손기수,박동수,최상돈,김석환,배준규 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1986 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

천이금속(Nb) 표면에 수소의 두 상태는 R.J. Smith에 의해 암시되어 왔다. 우리는 이것을 받아들여 천이금속 표면에 두 개의 상태를 가정하여 몇 개의 경우의 potential barrier에 관해 charging과 degassing 조건하에서 수소원자의 fraction의 시간에 대한 변화율을 얻었다. 그리고 수소의 표면 fraction θ에 대해 온도와 log(θ/1-θ)의 비와 peak amplitude를 구하여 R.J. Smith팀의 실험결과와 비교했으며 그것을 이용해서 온도에 관한 desorption rate를 얻었다. It was known by R.J. Smith that there are two kinds of surface states on transition metal(Nb) surfaces. Furthermore for all metals desorption energy is larger than the solution energy. Here we present a model for hydrogen absorption of metal surfaces and then obtained the time rates of hydrogen charging and degassing on metal surfaces for few limiting cases. We also get log(θ/1-θ) versus the reciprocal temperature and peak amplitude of surface fraction versus the temperature, turned out to be good agreement with experiments. Finally we get the desorption fraction of hydrogen atom.

고지 재사용이 제지공장 폐수에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 판지공장을 중심으로

김혜태,주충열,최규석 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

제지의 원료로서 고지들이 virgin pulp에 비해 얼마나 많은 오염부하를 폐수에 미치며, 화학적, 생물학적 처리효율은 어떤가를 파악하기 위하여 오염도를 각 원료 1 ton당 BOD, COD, SS의 kg양으로 나타내었다. 이는 초지조건, 즉 용수사용량, 고지혼입률 등의 차이에도 오염부하량을 산정할 수 있도록 하는 한편, 최적처리조건을 도출하는데도 이용할 수 있다. 실험은 KS규격에 의해서 각 시료들의 수초지를 제조하여 그 초지백수를 원폐수로 하고 jar tester상에서 alum을 가하여 응집침전시킨 후 상층액을 화학적 응집침전처리수로 하였으며, 역시 원폐수를 일정시간 폭기시켜 방치한 후 상층액을 생화학적 활성오니처리수로 하였다. 본 실험에 의한 각 고지의 제지폐수의 특성은 virgin pulp에 비해 매우 높게 나타났는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로 원폐수에서는 TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p)가 AOMG (41.1)>KONP(29.2)>AONP (24.6)>AOCC(24.2)>LUKP(5.9)>NBKP(2.8)순이며, TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p)는 AOMG (22.5)>AOCC(20.1)>KONP(18.3)>AONP(16.1)>LUKP(5.1)>NBKP(2.5)순이며, SS(kg-SS/ton-p)는 AOMG(151.4)<KONP(50.0)>AONP(39.4)>AOCC(37.3)>LUKP (19.0)>NBKP(18.2)순이었다. 둘째로 화학적 응집침전처리에서 TCOD는 alum농도 100,400mg/l에서 peak cut가 일어났다. 셋째로 생물학적 활성오니처리에서는 폭기 4시간만에 AOMG를 제외하고 70%이상의 TBOD감소율을 보였다. 마지막으로 화분의 거동은 고지와 virgin pulp 사이에 뚜렷한 패턴의 구별을 보이지 않았다. When old papers are reused as the raw meterial for paper manufacturing, water and raw material come into contact directly in the process of paper manufacturing and fine fiber and all kinds of pollution elements of old papers get discharged with the waste water, thus increasing the load of pollution of paper manufacturing factory. This research is designed to measure the degree of pollution characteristics of old papers compared to virgin pulps. In order to obtain the outcome of optimum treatment condition, the unit of BOD, COD, SS is expressed in kg per ton of each raw material. The characteristics of waste water of each old paper obtained through this experiment are higher than those of waste water of virgin pulp and the following is the results. 1. In case of original influent (1) TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p) AOMG 41.1>KONP 29.2>AONP 24.6>AOCC 24.2>LUKP 5.9>NBKP 2.8 (2) TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p) AOMG 22.5>AOCC 20.1>KONP 18.3>AONP 16.1>LUKP 5.1>NBKP 2.5 (3) SS(kg-SS/ton-p) AOMG 151.4>KONP 50.0>AONP 39.4>AOCC 37.3>LUKP 19.0>NBKP 18.2 2. In case of chemically treated effluent (1) As for TCOD, when concentration of alum is 100,400mg/l, the peak cut has occured (2) As for SS, when concentration of alum 100mg/l, the peak cut has occured. (3) Even up to 800mg/l concentration of alum, residual TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p) of effluents has shown AOMG 8.8>AOCC 4.6>AONP 3.9>KONP 3.8>LUKP=LBKP 1.2 3. In case of biochemically treated effluent (1) After 4 hours of aeration, except the effluent of AOMG, all kinds of effluents have shown over 70% decrease of TBOD. (2) Even up to 8 hours aeration, residual TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p) has shown AOMG 4.8>KONP 2.9>AONP 2.7>AOCC 1.7>LUKP 1.0 4. There was no special pattern of the behavior of ash among the old papers and virgin pulps.

老齡者의 建康을 위한 生活習慣 實態調査

申東敏,長鳳愚,李揆文,金賢俊,金昌範,崔宗洙,崔鍾晥,李鍾珏,金圭碩,趙庚旭,金鍾聲,朴鍾振 平生體育硏究所 論文集 1987 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

With a view to examining the habit and method in which old people maintain and improve their health, we consulted 551 men and 444 women who were over 65 years old, and concluded as follows: 1. Habit of eating It's been revealed that most of the old people keep a regular eating hour, control the quantity of meal or eat a little food, and prefer vegetables to meat. 2. Mental health Old people feel the necessity for mental health and most of them (about 80%) keep good mental health without becoming pessimistic. Their chief concenrs have turned out to be about their sons and daughters and their own health and finance. 3. Managing Good Health It has been revelaed that old people do not possess any special kind of secret to keep good health but taking plenty of rest, regular meal, and proper exercise, and many of them (about 60%) have been shown to eat invigorant food that they can easily get around their living area. 4. Physical Functions It has been revealed that many old people are conscious of some symptoms about their parts of body and about to percent of them suffers from neuralgia. Some measures like medical aid especially for old people need to be taken as soon as possible. As we have found that the health-keeping method of old people consists plenty of rest, proper exercise, and appropriate nutrition, we can conclude that the recreatonal and culture facilities and programs for keeping old people in good health should be developed. It is also necessary to study food that contribute to their health and develop ways to get rid of the stresses to which they are exposed in their daily life. Presides, it is natural that government found an administrative department to deal with these matters effectively.

비호지킨 림프종환자에서 proMACE-cytaBOM 복합항암화학요법의 유효성에 대한 제 2상 임상시험

김성우,안명주,박석규,이영렬,정태준,최일영,김인순 한양대학교 의과대학 2000 한양의대 학술지 Vol.20 No.1

Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by REAL classification is a heterogenous group of disease. With recent advances in combination chemotherapy, the long-term survival is improved to 40-65%. We investigated twenty-one aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with pro-MACE-cytaBOM (prednisone, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, bleomycin, vincristine and methotrexated) to determine the efficacy and toxicites. There were seven patients older than 60 years. Histologic types by REAL classification were as follows : diffuse large B cell (12/21), peripheral T cell (6/21), anaplastic large cell (2/21) and angiocentric T cell (1/21). Most of patients were classified in Stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ (20/21). According to IPI (international prognostic index) score, seven patients were included in low risk, five were low-intermediate risk, three were high-intermediated risk and six were high risk group. seventeen complete responses (85%) and two partial responses (10%) were achieved. The overall response rate was 95%. The mena disease free survival was 30 months, the mean overall survival was 29 months (range:21-36), and the median overall survival was not reached. WHO grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia or thrombocytopenia was observed in 16.7% and 2.8%, respectively. There was no treatment-related death. These results suggest that proMACE-cytaBOM combination chemotherapy is very effective and has low toxicity in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma even treated in elderly patients.

Running Exercise Test with Esophageal pH and Manometry : A Useful Test for Evaluating Chest Pain of Undetermined Origin

(Suck Chei Choi),(Tae Hyeon Kim),(Yong Ho Nah),(Suck Jun Choi),(Chang Soo Choi),(Suck Kyu Oh),(Jin An Kim),(Young Sung Kim),(Kyoung Hoon Yoo),(Jin Hee Kim),(Yang Kyu Park) 대한소화관운동학회 1999 대한소화관운동학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.8 No.-

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium type Anion Exchange Resin derived from Crosslinked Chitosan and their Metal Anion Exchange Properties

Kyu Suck Choi,Yong Mu Kim,Kwang Sik Choi 한국고분자학회 1986 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1986 No.4