Effect of Normalization on Detection of Differentially-Expressed Genes with Moderate Effects

Cho, Seo-Ae,Lee, Eun-Jee,Kim, Young-Chul,Park, Tae-Sung Korea Genome Organization 2007 Genomics & informatics Vol.5 No.3

The current existing literature offers little guidance on how to decide which method to use to analyze one-channel microarray measurements when dealing with large, grouped samples. Most previous methods have focused on two-channel data;therefore they can not be easily applied to one-channel microarray data. Thus, a more reliable method is required to determine an appropriate combination of individual basic processing steps for a given dataset in order to improve the validity of one-channel expression data analysis. We address key issues in evaluating the effectiveness of basic statistical processing steps of microarray data that can affect the final outcome of gene expression analysis without focusingon the intrinsic data underlying biological interpretation.

혈청 나트륨 농도가 열성 경련의 발생 및 재발에 미치는 영향

서인애(In Ae Seo),서은영(Eun Young Seo),조승만(Seung Man Cho),이동석(Dong Seok Lee),최성민(Sung Min Choi),김두권(Doo Kwun Kim) 대한소아신경학회 2016 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.24 No.4

목적: 환자-대조군 연구를 통하여 혈청 나트륨 농도가 열성 경련의 발생 및 재발에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 2014년 1월 1일부터 2016년 2월 29일까지 동국대학교 경주병원에서 입원치료를 받은 6개월 이상에서 5세 미만의 열성 경련 환자 150명과 경련 없이 발열만 있었던 환자 150명에 대해 후향적으로 의무 기록지를 조사하였다. 환자군 및 대조군의 연령, 성별 및 혈청 나트륨 농도를 비교하였고 환자군을 단순 대 복합 열성 경련군, 비반복성 대 반복성 열성 경련군, 비재발성 대 재발성 열성 경련군으로 나누어 각 그룹의 혈청 나트륨 농도를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 환자군의 평균 혈청 나트륨 농도(137.46±2.72 mmol/L)는 대조군의 혈청 나트륨 농도(139.34±2.14 mmol/L)에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 단순 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨 농도(137.47±2.53mmol/L)는 복합 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨 농도(137.43±3.77mmol/L)와 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.998). 반복성 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨 농도(136.56±3.2 mmol/L)는 비반복성 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨 농도(137.56±2.66 mmol/L)보다 더 낮았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(P=0.272). 재발성 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨농도(136.6±2.02 mmol/L)는 비재발성 열성 경련군의 혈청 나트륨농도(137.89±2.93 mmol/L)에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(P=0.006). 환자군의 모든 하위 그룹들의 혈청 나트륨 농도는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 결론: 낮은 혈청 나트륨 농도는 열성 경련의 발생 및 재발의 증가에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. Purpose: The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of serum sodium concentration on occurrence and recurrence of febrile seizures based on case-control study. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively clinical records of 150 inpatients with febrile seizures and 150 inpatients with febrile illness without seizure aged from 6 months to 5 years in the Pediatric Department of Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital between January 2014 and February 2016. The age, sex and serum sodium concentration of the patient group were compared with those of control group. Patient group was divided into simple vs complex febrile seizure group, non-repeated vs repeated febrile seizure group, non-recurrent vs recurrent febrile seizure group, and the serum sodium concentration of each group were analysed statistically. Results: The mean serum sodium concentration (137.46±2.72 mmol/L) of patient group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control group (139.34±2.14 mmol/L). The mean serum sodium concentration of simple febrile seizure group (137.47±2.53 mmol/L) was not significantly different (P=0.998) from that of complex febrile seizure group (137.43±3.77 mmol/L). The mean serum sodium concentration of repeated febrile seizure group (136.56±3.2 mmol/L) was lower than that of non-repeated febrile seizure group (137.56±2.66 mmol/L), but not significant (P= 0.272). The mean serum sodium concentration of recurrent febrile seizure group (136.60±2.02 mmol/L) was significantly lower (P=0.006) than that of non-recurrent febrile seizure group (137.89±2.93 mmol/L). The mean serum sodium concentration of all these subgroups were significantly lower than that of control group. Conclusion: Low serum sodium concentration may have an effect on the increase of occurrence and recurrence of febrile seizures.

A Facile One-Pot Operations of Reduction and Allylation of Nitrobenzaldehydes Mediated by Indium and Their Applications

Cho, Yong-Seo,Kang, Kyung-Ho,Cha, Joo-Hwan,Choi, Kyung-Il,Pae, Ae-Nim,Koh, Hun-Yeong,Chang, Moon-Ho Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.9

Various nitrobenzaldehydes were simultaneously allylated and reduced using indium in the presence of HCl in aqueous media to give compounds having both functionality of homoallylic alcohol and aromatic amine. Sequential protection of the amino gro up and oxidation of the anilinyl homoallylic alcohol provided useful precursors of heterocyclic compounds such as dihydroindolones and dihydroquinolones, which could be efficiently synthesized through intramolecular cyclization reaction.

Emticicia aquatica sp. nov., a species of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from fresh water

Seo, Mi-ae,Joung, Yochan,Kang, Heeyoung,Kim, Haneul,Cho, Jang-Cheon,Ahn, Tae-seok,Joh, Kiseong Microbiology Society 2015 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.65 No.12

간장 허혈 및 재관류시 vitamin C와 E가 간장기능에 미치는 영향

서민영,김순애,조태순,이선미 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1995 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Abstract - This study was done to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E on hepatic biliary and microsomal function during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were treated with vitamin C, E or with vehicle(saline) and then subjected to 60 min no-flow hepatic ischemia in vivo. Control animals were time-matched sham ischemic animals. After 1 or 5 hr of reperfusion, bile was collected, blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta, and liver microsomes were isolated. In vehicle-treated ischemic rats, serum ALT levels peaked at 5 hr and were significantly attenuated by vitamin C, E individually and combination of vitamin C and E treatment. Similarly hepatic wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was increased in the vehicle-treated ischemic group. Vitamin C and E combination minimized the increase in this ratio. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic group, but this elevation was also inhibited by vitamin C or E, respectively. Bile flow and cholate output, but not bilirubin output, were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfusion. Vitamin C treatment restored the secretion. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and restored by vitamin E treatment to the level of sham operated group. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased and aniline p-hydroxylase activity was increased by ischemia/reperfusion. These changes were prevented by vitamin C or E treatment, but not by vitamin C and E combination treatment. Our findings suggest that vitamin C or E individually significantly ameliorates these ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic damages and there is no evidence of synergism between vitamin C and E in our system.

Crystal structure of the dimerization domain of human filamin A

Seo, Min‐,Duk,Seok, Seung‐,Hyeon,Im, Hookang,Kwon, Ae‐,Ran,Lee, Sang Jae,Kim, Hyung‐,Ryong,Cho, Yongcheol,Park, Dongeun,Lee, Bong‐,Jin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Proteins Vol.75 No.1

소아에서의 급성 파종성 뇌척수염의 임상적 고찰

조수진,박은애,유은선,김혜순,손세정,서정완,이승주,한후재 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

목적: 급성 파종성 뇌척수염은 감염이나 예방 접종 후 발생하는 중추 신경계의 급성 자가 면역 염증성 질환으로 탈수초를 일으킨다. 신경학적인 증상으로 발현되고 대부분 환전히 회복되지만 신경학적 후유증을 남기거나 사망 할 수도 있다. 이에 저자들은 본원에서 발생 한 14명을 분석하여 조기 진단과 치료에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1998년 3월부터 2003년 8월까지 이대목동병원에서 급성 파종성 뇌척수염으로 진단 받은 14명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 환자들의 평균 발생 연령은 5±7.8개월이였고, 특정계절이나 연도에 집중되어서 나타나지는 않았다. 선행질환은 주로 비특이적인 상기도 감염이 가장 많았고, 초기증상으로는 경련이 가장 많았다. 그 외에 의식저하나 운동장애도 있었다. 뇌척수액 검사에서 백혈구 증가증이 발견된 경우는 있었으나 단백이 증가된 경우는 없었다. 뇌 자기공명 촬영에서 T2 증강시 뇌백질과 기저핵에 고음영의 다발성 병소가 발견되었고 추적 촬영에서 대부분에서 소실되었다. 뇌파 검사가 시행되었던 경우 전반적인 서파가 가장 많았고 국소적인 극파가 나온 경우도 한 명 있었다. 환자들은 정맥 면역 글로블린과 메틸프레드니졸론으로 치료하였고 치료 시작 후 3~7일내 증상이 호전되었다. 모든 환자를 2달 이상 추적 관찰하였고 항경련제가 지속적으로 필요한 정도의 경련성 질환이 두 명, 신경아교증이 남아잇는 경우가 한 명, 외래에서 다발성 경화증이 의심되는 경우가 한 명 있었다. 결론: 급성 파종성 뇌척수염은 침범 부위에 따라서 다양한 임상 상으로 나타나며 면역 글로블린과 메틸프레드니졸론이 치료에 효과적이였다. 본 연구에서는 대상 환자수가 적어 신경학적 후유증의 위험요소는 밝힐 수는 없으나, 예후는 검사소견과 연관되어 있지는 않았고, 대부분에서 양호하여 완전히 회복되었으나, 신경학적 후유증이 남은 경우도 있었다. Objective:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) is an acute demyelinating autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which develops after infection of vaccination. It may be fatal, and produce a permanent residual static disability or fully recover. We retrospec-tively studied 14 cases to investigate the clinical findings and outcome of ADEM. Methods : 14cases of ADEM diagnosed at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 1998 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The age of onset was 5years±7.8 months and no seasonal clustering was found. The time of onset of symptoms was between 3 to 30 days. The preceding events were nonspecific upper respiratory infections in 9 cases, aseptic meningitis in 4 cases, and gastroenteritis in one case..The initial symptoms were seizure, altered consciousness, hemiparesis, fever, headache, and vomiting. Brain MRI showed multifocal high signal intensity lesions on T2 weighted image mainly in the cerebral whith matter, basal ganglia and periventricular white matter. EEG was performed in some cases and showed generalized or focal slow waves and only one case showed focal spikes. Patients were treated with IV globulin and methylprednisolone and the symptoms improved within 3-7 days after treatment. All patients were followed up for more than 2 months and most of them fully recovered except two. Conclusion : ADEM presents in various clinical manifestations depending on its involvement of the brain lesions. Most cases recovered fully but in some cases, residual permanent neurologic sequelae remained.

일개 요양원 거주 노인들에서 나타나는 세균뇨의 특성

서재필,이상균,심혜성,김선미,윤도경,박영규,장정애,조경환,홍명호 대한가정의학회 2000 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.21 No.1

복합레진 수복 시 재접착 술식이 미세누출에 미치는 영향

이미애,서덕규,손호현,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.3

복합레진 수복시, 일반적으로 연마, 산부식, 수세 및 건조 단계를 거쳐 저점도 레진을 적용하는 재접착 술식을 통해 예상되는 수축간극을 봉쇄한다. 그러나, 이 과정은 재접착제 적용 이전에 물이나 잔사가 간극을 매워버릴 수 있어 그 효과가 의심된다. 본 실험에서는 연마 단계 이전, 즉 복합레진을 중합한 직후에 재접착제를 도포한다면 변연누출을 더 줄일 수 있을 것이라는 가설을 검증하고자 하였다. 실험을 위해 35개의 발거한 대구치에서 협면과 설면에 교합면 변연은 법랑질에, 치은측 변연은 상아질에 위치하는 5급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동은 Z250 (3M ESPE, USA)로 충전하였고, 접착제로는 AdperTM Single Bond 2(3M ESPE)을 사용하였다. 재접착제로는 Biscover LV (Bisco, USA) 레진 전색제와 ScotchBond Multi-purpose system(3M ESPE)의 접착제, 및 점도가 낮은 실험용 접착제를 연마 전 또는 일련의 연마 및 산부식 후 수복물의 변연에 적용하였다. 2% 메틸렌 블루 용액에 네 시간 동안 침적한 뒤 교합측 및 치은측 변연에서의 색소 침투 깊이를 광학 입체 현미경으로 측정하였다. 재접착제의 점도와 변연미세누출의 상관관계도 평가하였다. 재접착 술식, 재접착제, 및 변연의 위치, 그 각각에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 그러나, 재접착 술식을 시행하지 않은 대조군의 경우에는 세 가지 재접착제를 사용한 재접착군에 비해 치은측 변연에서 미세누출이 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 대조군과 재접착군의 미세누출의 차이는 교합측 변연에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 연마 및 산부식 후 치은변연에 재접착제를 적용한 경우에서 약한 음의 상관관계(r = -0.326, p = 0.041)를 보인 경우를 제외하고는, 재접착제의 점도와 미세누출은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. During a composite resin restoration, an anticipating contraction gap is usually tried to seal with low-viscosity resin after successive polishing, etching, rinsing and drying steps, which as a whole is called rebonding procedure. However, the gap might already have been filled with water or debris before applying the sealing resin. We hypothesized that microleakage would decrease if the rebonding agent was applied before the polishing step, i.e., immediately after curing composite resin. On the buccal and lingual surfaces of 35 extracted human molar teeth, class V cavities were prepared withthe occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. They were restored with a hybrid composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE, USA) using an adhesive AdperTM Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE). As rebonding agents, BisCover LV (Bisco, USA), ScotchBond Multi-Purpose adhesive (3M ESPE) and an experimental adhesive were applied on the restoration margins before polishing step or after successive polishing and etching steps. The infiltration depth of 2% methylene blue into the margin was measured using an optical stereomicroscope. The correlation between viscosity of rebonding agents and mciroleakage was also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage within the rebonding procedures, within the rebonding agents, and within the margins. However, when the restorations were not rebonded, the microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than those groups rebonded with 3 agents (p < 0.05). The difference was not observed at the occlusal margin. No significant correlation was found between viscosity of rebonding agents and microleakage, except very weak correlation in case of rebonding after polishing and etching at gingival margin (r = -0.326, p = 0.041).

Therapeutic Effects of Water Soluble Danshen Extracts on Atherosclerosis

Cho, Yoon Hee,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Hong, Zhen-Yu,Heo, Ji Hoe,Kim, Eun Hee,Choi, Dong Hoon,Kim, Dongkyu,Kim, Ae-Jung,Lee, Cheol Soon,Jung, Mankil,Lee, Hyun Chul,Seo, MiRan,Lee, Eun Jig Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Danshen is a traditional Chinese medicine with many beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for the antiatherogenic effect of water soluble Danshen extracts (DEs). Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with DE. To evaluate the effects of DE <I>in vivo</I>, carotid balloon injury and tail vein thrombosis were induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and iliac artery stent was induced in New Zealand white rabbits. The inhibitory action of DE on platelet aggregation was confirmed with an impedance aggregometer. DE inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, and the migration and proliferation of platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, DE prevented inflammation and apoptosis in HUVECs. Both effects of DE were reconfirmed in both rat models. DE treatment attenuated platelet aggregation in both <I>in vivo</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> conditions. Pretreatment with DE prevented tail vein thrombosis, which is normally induced by <I><I>κ</I></I>-carrageenan injection. Lastly, DE-treated rabbits showed decreased in-stent restenosis of stented iliac arteries. These results suggest that water soluble DE modulates key atherogenic events in VSMCs, endothelial cells, and platelets in both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> conditions.</P>