한국의 유럽정책 방향

이상균 한국전략문제연구소 1998 전략연구 Vol.5 No.3

Korea and the European Union(EU) have been trading partners for a few decades since 1960s. Nevertheless, only very recently has bilateral cooperation risen high on the agenda of Korea-EU trade diplomacy. It is still true for both that economic relations with the U.S. and Japan are more important than with each other. Fortunately, recent circumstances have favored the promotion of Korea-ED cooperation. It seems timely that the EU Council of Ministers for the first time approved, on June 8 1993, a communication on ''Relations between the ED and Korea: Towards a Growing Partnership". In this report, the Council recognized that the level of exchanges with Korea should be further be developed in order to reflect the importance of both sides in new world order. The Council also expressed that cooperation between the ED and Korea should go hand in hand with the overall development of bilateral trade and economic relations. Since 1990s, in terms of trade and investment, the ED has been more successful in penetrating the Korean market than the U.S. and Japan. This reflects its comparative advantage and benefits from the progressive opening of the Korean market. In particular, the ED has dynamically increased its exports to Korea in passenger cars, machinery and textile products. On the other hand, Korea enjoyed its performance in the EU market until 1988, after which Korean competitiveness suddenly dropped, with the exeption of some products such as motor vehicles, semi-conductors, and general machinery. This means that Korea is in process of restructuring of its exports toward heavy and chemical industry goods. However, the environment for Korea-EU economic cooperation has recently become favorable due to the fact that both Korea and the EU recognize the need for the expansion of economic cooperation while the necessary cooperative framework is being established. Moreover, with the first summit of the Asia-Eurpe Meeting(ASEM) in Bangkok in March of 1996, a new equal partnership between Asia and Europe has begun. Leaders of Asia and Europe met in Bangkok and London in 1998 to improve the understanding between the two regions and accelerate the already expanding economic and political cooperation of two continents. Korea's hosting of the third ASEM summit meeting in Seoul in 2000 will provide a unique opportunity for Korea to foster better relations with EU. As a part of Korea's unique leadership, Korea has also proposed the idea of the Asia-Europe Vision Group which will chart the future course of ASEM. Korea's unique position arises from the fact that Korean economy is undergoing transformation from developing to a developed economy. ASEM approaches the problem of bridging the weak economic link between Asia and Europe by enhancing shared understanding of each other. There is still a long way to go before ASEM could become a locomotive of trade and investment liberalization. However, ASEM could still provide forums for mutual networking between various facets of society in Asia and Europe and provide forums for bringing consensus on contentious issues between Asia and Europe. Korea's contribution to the growth of ASEM process will facilitate better relations between Korea and ED. Cultural misconceptions in Europe about Korea and those in Korea about Europe all undermine development of good relationship between two sides. Korea can play an effective role of moderator in difficult discussions which will be brought at ASEM. In the process, Korea's cooperation with EU will be enhanced.

안용복의 울릉도 도해 및 도일경로에 대한 비판적 고찰-영토교육용 학습자료의 재구성을 중심으로-

이상균,안동립 영남대학교 독도연구소 2019 독도연구 Vol.- No.27

The purpose of this study was to indicate that the existing materials regarding the Ahn Yong-bok's doings were academically inexact and unrealistic in many different versions and reconstruct the moving routes for his passages to Ulleungdo and Japan on the basis of the recent performances of research as he is regarded as an important key figure in education as to Dokdo. This study obtained the following results: First, the dates of his doings were thought of as being based on the solar calendar though they are based on the lunar calendar; thus, it is necessary to present them by both lunar and solar calendars. Second, the terms regarding Ahn's doings were divided into the 'passage to Ulleungdo by sea and being kidnapped in 1693' and the 'passage to Ulleungdo and Japan by sea in 1696.' Third, it is necessary to be associated with the meteorological phenomena on the East Sea the year round, taking the then voyage conditions into account, in conducting research or giving territory education in relation to Ahn's passage to Ulleungdo by sea. Fourth, it is necessary to explain Ahn's passages to Ulleungdo and Japan and being kidnapped in relation to Joseon's territorial inspection of Ulleungdo, which was driven by his being kidnapped. Fifth, it is necessary to modify the starting point into Suncheon because Noeheon set sail with Buddhist monks from the region in 1696. 이 연구는 안용복이 독도교육에서 핵심적이고 중요한 인물로 인식되고 있는 상황에서 기존에 제작된 안용복의 행적에 관한 자료들이 학술적 엄밀성과 현실성이 결여된 채 제각각 다양한 버전으로 존재하는 것에 문제를 제기하면서 최신의 연구성과를 근거로 안용복의 울릉도 도해 및 도일 경로를 재구성하는 것이 목적이다. 연구결과, 첫째, 안용복의 행적에 관한 날짜는 음력이었음에도 양력인 것처럼 인식되었는데, 음력과 양력을 병기할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 안용복의 행적에 관한 용어는 ‘1693년의 울릉도 도해 및 피랍사건’과 ‘1696년의 울릉도 도해 및 도일사건’으로 구분하였다. 셋째, 안용복의 울릉도 도해와 관련된 연구 및 영토교육 시에는 당시의 항해 조건을 고려하여 동해상의 연중 기상 현상과 연계하여 설명할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 안용복의 피랍사건은 조선 조정의 수토제 시행의 동력이 되었던바, 안용복의 울릉도 도해 및 피랍/도일 사건은 중앙의 수토제와 관련지어 설명할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 1696년에는 뇌헌이 승려들과 배를 동원하여 순천에서 출발했던 것을 근거로 출발지를 순천으로 변경할 필요가 있다.

환황해 유교문화교류와 지역 활성화

이상균 충남연구원 2017 열린충남 Vol.78 No.-

초등학교 과학수업에서 사용된 교사의 과학적 질문유형 분석

이상균 대한지구과학교육학회 2012 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.5 No.3

This research analyzed elementary teacher’s scientific questioning during science teaching. This research studied 4 elementary school teachers in Gyeongnam were observed and the classes were videotaped. all teacher’s questioning and student's answering were transcribed. Teacher's questionings were categorized into 2 types such as simple questions and productive questions. The findings of the research were as following. First, in the teaching-learning activities of the science subject, teacher-student conversation was used 202 times on average, and questions asked by the teachers were 72 times on average. The teachers use productive questions more than simple questions. Second, in the type of simple questions, management questions were used the most, and the next were simple confirmation questions and rethink questions in order. Third, productive questions used by the teachers in the class were mostly the attention-focussing questions, but the type of higher level questions such as problem-posing questions, comparing questions, action questions and reasoning questions was rarely adopted.

프로젝트 기반 STEAM 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

이상균,이하룡 대한지구과학교육학회 2013 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the Project based STEAM program on primary students' Problem solving process and creative personality. Based on the concept of project based learning and STEAM derived from a literature review, a learning program has been developed and applied to 28 elementary 4-6th students. Problem Solving Process and Creative personality tests were conducted before and after Project based STEAM program lessons. The results of this study are as follows. (1)Project-based STEAM was affected all components of problem solving process. (2) Project-based STEAM was affected all eight components of creative personality positively, (3) after using Project-based STEAM was good reaction by students. As a result, the elementary science class with Project-based STEAM had problem solving process for positive educational effect and creative personality. it means the science class with creative personality has potential possibilities and value to develop problem solving process and creative personality.

한반도 신석기시대 주거의 변천과 구조적 양상

이상균 한국대학박물관협회 2003 고문화 Vol.61 No.-

한반도에서의 주거 평면구조는 일반적으로 圓形→方形→長方形의 순으로 변천하고 있다. 주거의 출입구조는 계단석과 돌출되어 있는 경우, 주거 벽면에서 경사진 구조 등이 있고, 주거바닥은 주로 생토층과 모래바닥을 이용하며, 진흙이나 조개껍질을 깐 경우도 있다. 저장시설은 화덕자리의 주변이나 주거의 벽가에 두고 있으며, 화덕자리는 중앙의 l개소가 일반적이다. 기둥구멍은 벽가를 따라 배치되거나, 각 모서리에 배치되는 경우, 혹은 주거지의 내부와 외부에 동시에 존재하기도 한다. 지붕구조는 낮은 圓錐形에서 기둥을 걸쳐서 만드는 兩面傾斜의 방형이나 장방형으로 변하며, 주거의 내부공간은 수면이나 취사 이외에도 작업장, 의례 등 여러 기능이 복합적으로 이루어지고 있다. 주거는 기본적으로 l기에 1칸의 구조를 보이고 있으며, 내부에서 남녀의 공간적 사용범위가 정해져 있다. 신석기시대의 취락은 環狀이나 弧狀形態로 중앙에 광장이 있으며, 주거 밀집지역에 공공장소가 존재한다. The plane structure of dwelling in korean peninsula has been transformed orderly as for shapes of round, square and rectangular in general. The exit and entrance structure take styles of stairs and when they are jotted out, take the slant stairs from the dwelling wall. The ground of them are used of erected sailor sand, otherwise the clay or shells are spreaded. The storing facilities are placed beneath the stove or beneath the kitchen wall, and usually a stove is posted at the center. Pillar holes are posted each along side the edge of wall, or posted each the corner, or exist both inner and outside. The roof structure varies to both slant sides of square shape or rectangular shape from conical shape. The inner space of dwelling consist not only of sleeping or cooking but also for workplace or for memorial service as well - all the functions are compound, and the space is settled for man and woman. The community in the Neolithic Age in this country has it central semicircular public square, and has it public place without fail on the crowded dwelling places.

창의적 체험활동을 위한 환경동아리 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

이상균 대한지구과학교육학회 2012 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study investigates the effect of environmental club activities of the creative experiential learning activities on the improvement of students’ Environmental Literacy and Pro-environmental Behavior. For that purpose, This study divided 24 students at Jinhae U Elementary School into test groups of 12 students and Control groups of 12 students. Test groups participated in the 'GomGomi' environmental Club for sixteen times from March 2011 to December 2011. Conclusions of this study include; First, we found that the environmental club activities is effective to improve the students’ environmental Literacy overall. Specifically, the Environmental Club Activities was effective in the sub-catagories of environmental Literacy such as ‘rights of nature’ and ‘eco-crisis’. However, there was no significant change in the sub-category of ‘human exemptionalism’ Second, we found that the environmental club activities is effective to improve students’ pro-environmental behavior overall. Specifically, the environmental club activities was effective in the sub-domains of Pro-environmental Behavior such as ‘cognitive domain’ and ‘affective domain’. However, there was no significant change in the sub-domains of ‘behavioral domain’. Summary, the environmental club activities was shown to be effective for improving their environmental literacy and pro-environmental behavior; This study implies that the environmental club activities of the creative experiential learning activities would be a effective tool to help students to improve their environmental literacy and pro-environmental behavior.

ASI 프로그램이 과학영재 학생들의 과학 창의적 문제해결력과 과학 학습 동기에 미치는 효과

이상균,김순식 대한지구과학교육학회 2012 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study investigates the effect of ASI program on the improvement of gifted students’ scientific creative problem solving skill and science learning motivation. ASI developed by reflecting the characteristics of scientific inquiry. The study was aimed at Twenty elementary gifted students from C Gifted Education Program participated in the sixteen sessions of ASI curriculum from June 2010 to October 2010. First, we found that the ASP program is effective to improve the gifted students’ scientific creative problem solving skill overall. Specifically, the ASI was effective in the sub-catagories of scientific creative problem solving skills such as ‘fluency’, ‘flexibility’, ‘originality’, and ‘appropriateness’. However, there was no significant change in the sub-category of ‘reliability’ and ‘elaborateness’ Second, we found that the ASP program is effective to improve the gifted students’ sscience learning motivation overall. Specifically, the ASI was effective in the sub-catagories of science problem solving skills such as ‘intrinsic motivation’, ‘correlation with personal goal’, ‘self-determination’, and ‘fear of evaluation’. However, there was no significant change in the sub-category of ‘extrinsic motivation’ and ‘self-efficacy’. summary, the ASI program was shown to be effective for improving their scientific creative problem solving skill and scientific learning motivation; This study implies that the ASI curriculum would be a effective tool to help gifted students to improve their ascientific creative problem solving skill and their motivation to learn science.

초등학교 교사들의 과학적 탐구 및 지도 방법에 관한 신념 연구

이상균 대한지구과학교육학회 2012 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This study explored practicing elementary school teacher’s beliefs of scientific inquiry and scientific inquiry teaching methods. Defining teacher’s beliefs as a broad construct, we tried to examine the teachers’ understandings about the scientific inquiry and scientific inquiry teaching method. This study drew on interview data from 10 elementary teachers in busan and changwon area of korea. Conclusions of this study include; First, we found that elementary teacher’s beliefs of inquiry were represented variously. And they considered that inquiry is the important goal of science education. They though that the goal of science education is development of Scientific inquiry skills, Scientific thinking skills, development of Creativity and problem solving ability, increasing interest about science, understanding of the basic concepts of science and apply of real-life. second, most of the teachers though that Scientific inquiry is scientists activities, they defined 'the process of creation of new knowledge', 'the process of deriving theory', 'solving process of intellectual curiosity', 'Problem-solving process'. third, they considered that teaching method of scientific inquiry is open inquiry activities. however, they thought that there are many difficulties to actually apply. Understanding teachers’ beliefs has implications for both the enactment of inquiry teaching in the classroom as well as the uptake of new teaching behaviors during professional development, with enhanced outcomes for engaging students in Science.

한반도 신석기인의 묘제와 사후세계관

이상균 한국대학박물관협회 2000 고문화 Vol.56 No.-

한반도의 신석기시대는 정착생활이 이루어지고는 있으나 기본적으로 수렵과 채집이 주를 이룬다. 사철 바뀌는 식량을 구하기 위해 활동범위의 공간적 영역이 매우 넓었으며, 죽음으로 인한 묘제의 축조에 노동력과 시간을 많이 투자할 수가 없었을 것이다. 따라서 新石器人들의 묘제는 농경사회가 본격적으로 시작되는 청동기시대 이후의 다양화되는 묘제와는 다르며, 이 시기에는 地上의 묘제나 얄은 士壙墓가 중심을 이루었을 것이다. 현 상황에서 한반도 신석기인들의 사후세계관에 대한 양상은 다섯가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 신석기시대에는 피장자를 묻을 때의 머리를 두는 방향이 일정하지 않은 것 같다. 장례시에 頭向문제에 대한 의례적, 종교적인 의식은 각자의 유적 내에서 일정한 규범에 의해 이루어진 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 매장방법에 있어서 통영 연대도에서 俯身葬이 보이기는 하나, 일반적으로 한반도 내에서는 仰臥伸展葬이 주류를 이룬다. 셋째, 신석기시대에는 일반적으로 1인씩 묻는 단독장이 주류를 이루고 있으나, 合葬의 풍습도 있었음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 이 시기에는 무덤의 규모나 부장품의 다양성에 의해 이미 빈부나 신분, 지위의 高下가 있었던 것으로 추정된다. 다섯째, 신석기시대 中期에 상촌리유적에서와 같이 이미 火葬의 풍습이 있어 二次葬이 행해졌음을 알 수 있다. Hunting and gathering was the primary way to live in the Korean peninsula during the neolithic age. People were not able to invest much labor in making their tombs because of so much activity for their living. Small tombs like the shallow pit tomb(士壙墓) were popular in those days. During the neolithic age the heads of the dead bodies were placed in various directions in the Korean peninsula. The supine burial lay on one s back(仰臥伸展葬) was a general method to bury the dead. A single body was usually buried in a tomb but burying together was sometimes practiced. The dimensions of tombs and the funerary objects were diversified according to the status and wealth of the dead. And they often practiced the cremation.