Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

H.C. Liu,J.F. Huang,S.R. Lee,H.L. Liu,C.H. Hsieh,C.W. Huang,M.C. Huang,C. Tai,J.P. Poivey,R. Rouvier,Y.S. Cheng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie (h2 = 0.07±0.03) and M (h2 = 0.07±0.01), moderately low for Dm (h2 = 0.13±0.02), of medium values for H (h2 = 0.20±0.03) and F (h2 = 0.23±0.03). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm (rg = 0.93), between F and H (rg = 0.97) and between Dm and H (rg = 0.90). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings’ feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor

Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.

Formation of a Wide Area of Diamond Film Using HFCVD: Ⅱ. Effect of Applied Negative Bias on Nucleation

Song, G.H.,Yoon, J.H.,Shin, K.S.,Kim, H.S.,Sun, C.,Huang, R.F.,Wen, L.S. 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

The nucleation and nucleus shape of diamond films on silicon (100) has been investigated by varying the negative bias value applied to substrate during Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD). Results showed that the nucleation density increased, peaked and then decreased with increase of the applied bias value. it seemed that there was an optimum bias value. The nucleation of diamond film by HFCVD is a competitive process of deposition and etchings (sputtered) due to the particles impinging on the substrate. The magnitude of the energy, quantity of the particles and the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in reactive gas plasma controlled the competitive process and determined which process was primary. The deposition rate and the nucleation density gradually increased reaching to a maximum with the increment of the energy of the adatoms. With further increment of the energy of the adatoms, however, the deposition process was suppressed by strengthened particle impact on the substrate and the etching or sputtering became the primary process. Experimental results also showed the nucleus crystal shape of diamond films sequentially changed from cubic to dodecahedron, and then to irregular shape with the increment of the bias value. The change of the nucleus crystal shape of diamond films with substrate bias is thought to be related to the each process of the H+ ion with different kinetic energy, as well as the process of the diffusion and migration of the adatoms.

SEARCH FOR PULSED γ-RAY EMISSION FROM GLOBULAR CLUSTER M28

Wu, J. H. K.,Hui, C. Y.,Wu, E. M. H.,Kong, A. K. H.,Huang, R. H. H.,Tam, P. H. T.,Takata, J.,Cheng, K. S. IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.765 No.2

<P>Using the data from the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, we have searched for gamma-ray pulsations from the direction of the globular cluster M28 (NGC 6626). We report the discovery of a signal with a frequency consistent with that of the energetic millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR B1821-24 in M28. A weighted H-test test statistic of 28.8 is attained, which corresponds to a chance probability of similar to 10(-5) (4.3 sigma detection). With a phase-resolved analysis, the pulsed component is found to contribute similar to 25% of the total observed gamma-ray emission from the cluster. However, the unpulsed level provides a constraint for the underlying MSP population and the fundamental plane relations for the scenario of inverse Compton scattering. Follow-up timing observations in radio/X-ray are encouraged to further investigate this periodic signal candidate.</P>

Polarization-dependent Photore Quantum Well Structure

G. J. Jan,C. M. Lai,J. H. Huang 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III

We have measured the polarization-dependent photore ectance spectra of InGaP/GaAs quantum well structure. These quantum well specimens were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy at the growth temperature 440 C, 480 C and 520 C for C1007, C1008 and C1009, respectively. Each of these samples consists of a 7 nm GaAs well, 0.2 m (top) and 1 m (bottom) InGaP barrier. The properties of InGaP layer were obtained by characterized the InGaP/GaAs epilayer sample using double X-ray diraction and low temperature photoluminescence experiments. The results show that the strains of InGaP for all samples are less than 0.2 % and the ordered parameters are about 0.3. The PR spectra demonstrate the anisotropic optical properties. Besides, the energy dierences between the ground states are almost equal to the dierences between bandgap of the InGaP barrier. And the ground state energy is 4 meV less than GaAs bandgap for sample C1009. These results suggest that the transitions of QW structure strongly involve with the partial ordered InGaP barrier by type II band alignment.??

파푸아뉴기니지역의 지속적 마 재배 방향

장광진,서규선,안철현,황대선,변재면,박철호,전운성,엘릭,Chang, K.J.,Seo, G.S.,Ahn, C.H.,Huang, D.S.,Byun, J.M.,Park, C.H.,Jeon, U.S.,Elick, G. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2012 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.14 No.1

1) LAE지역으로 강우량이 풍부하고 햇볕의 양이 많은 지역으로 토양산도는 마 재배에 이상적인 pH(H₂O)가 평균 6.40이다. 그러나 포장에 따라 편차가 심하게 나타나고 있어 재배 기술 보급이 시급한 실정이다. 2) 평균 pH(H₂O)는 6.4이지만, pH(KCL)가 3.9로 나타났다. 두 pH 차이가 2.5로 심한 양분부족 현상을 보이고 있다. 토양 EC는 0.18 mS/cm로 심각한 토양 수탈현상을 보이고 있다. 3) 토양의 산화환원전위 (ORP)는 393mV로 아주 이상적인 토양을 보이고 있다. 토양산도와 함께 산화환원전위(ORP)는 좋은 유기농 마를 만드는데 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 4) 마는 연중 양분(養分)을 흡수하고 있는데, 측정 결과는 전 항목에서 심한 양분의 부족현상을 보여 향후 유기물의 투입이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 전반적으로 토양은 심한 양분부족 현상을 보이며 부분적으로 심각한 토양 수탈현상을 보이고 있었다. 토양영양에 대한 조사 연구가 지속가능한 유기농 마를 생산할 수 있는 기반임을 인식하는 계기가 되었다.

Integrated cladding-pumped multicore few-mode erbium-doped fibre amplifier for space-division-multiplexed communications

Chen, H.,Jin, C.,Huang, B.,Fontaine, N. K.,Ryf, R.,Shang, K.,Gré,goire, N.,Morency, S.,Essiambre, R.-J.,Li, G.,Messaddeq, Y.,LaRochelle, S. Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature photonics Vol.10 No.8

Space-division multiplexing (SDM), whereby multiple spatial channels in multimode and multicore optical fibres are used to increase the total transmission capacity per fibre, is being investigated to avert a data capacity crunch and reduce the cost per transmitted bit. With the number of channels employed in SDM transmission experiments continuing to rise, there is a requirement for integrated SDM components that are scalable. Here, we demonstrate a cladding-pumped SDM erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) that consists of six uncoupled multimode erbium-doped cores. Each core supports three spatial modes, which enables the EDFA to amplify a total of 18 spatial channels (six cores × three modes) simultaneously with a single pump diode and a complexity similar to a single-mode EDFA. The amplifier delivers >20 dBm total output power per core and <7 dB noise figure over the C-band. This cladding-pumped EDFA enables combined space-division and wavelength-division multiplexed transmission over multiple multimode fibre spans.

Inhomogeneous Level Splitting inPr2−xBixRu2O7

van Duijn, J.,Kim, K. H.,Hur, N.,Adroja, D.,Adams, M. A.,Huang, Q. Z.,Jaime, M.,Cheong, S.-W.,Broholm, C.,Perring, T. G. American Physical Society 2005 Physical review letters Vol.94 No.17

<P>We report that Bi doping drives Pr 2-x BixRu2O7 from an antiferromagnetic insulator (x = 0) to a metallic paramagnet (x approximately 1) with a broad low T maximum in C/T. Neutron scattering reveals local low energy spin excitations (variant Planck's omega approximately 1 meV) with a spectrum that is unaffected by heating to k(B)T >> variant Planck's omega. We show that a continuous distribution of splittings of the non-Kramers Pr3+ ground-state doublet such as might result from various types of lattice strain can account for all the data.</P>

Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Liu, H.C.,Huang, J.F.,Lee, S.R.,Liu, H.L.,Hsieh, C.H.,Huang, C.W.,Huang, M.C.,Tai, C.,Poivey, J.P.,Rouvier, R.,Cheng, Y.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

Fabrication feasibility study on copper cold spray in tokamak system

Kim, G.H.,Park, C.K.,Ahn, H.J.,Kim, H.S.,Hong, K.H.,Jin, S.W.,Lee, H.G.,Fukanuma, H.,Huang, R.,Roh, B.R.,Kim, T.S.,Sung, H.J.,Sa, J.W.,Choi, C.H. Elsevier 2015 Fusion engineering and design Vol.98 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To improve the plasma vertical stabilization during tokamak operation, partial pure copper layer could be considered on the inner shell of vacuum vessel which is large complex component made of stainless steel. The copper cladding has been a great challenge due to the complicated configuration and difficulty of dissimilar metal joining. From an engineering point of view, there are several candidates for the copper cladding such as cold spray, overlay welding and explosive welding. In this paper, fabrication feasibility study for copper cladding has been carried out by using cold spray method, and a set of full scale mock-up of in-vessel component has been conducted to demonstrate applicability of copper cold spray and to verify copper layer. The results of copper cold spray on test specimens and mock-up showed good properties and no defects on the thick copper layer. Optimum conditions of copper cold spray have been developed based on these results. Accordingly, it can be concluded that cold spray is a feasible and practical method to achieve thick copper cladding on tokamak component.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The optimum conditions of copper cold spray on stainless steel 316L have been studied to apply to large complex component. </LI> <LI> The optimum procedure of copper cold spray has been developed. </LI> <LI> Copper cold spray on the full-scale mock-up has been performed to verify the fabrication feasibility. </LI> <LI> The results show that the cold spray is feasible way to achieve a thick copper cladding on engineering scale component. </LI> </UL> </P>