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Church Sponsored Child Care: Association of Regulatory Level with Quality
Joellen Lewsader,James Elicker 육아정책연구소 2013 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.7 No.2
Multiple types of child care are exempt from government licensure or regulation in the United States, yet previous research has shown that stricter adherence to regulatory standards predicts higher quality programs. This study compares global child care quality and teacher-child interaction quality in church-sponsored child care centers that are legally-exempt from licensure and operate at three regulatory levels. Observations were completed in 59 church-sponsored, center-based child care programs. Centers that voluntarily followed stricter levels of regulation had higher quality. The findings have implications for policymakers and legislators who create and implement child care standards and subsidy policies.
Ji Youn Shin,James G. Elicker,Illene C. Noppe 한국유아교육학회 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.10 No.2
This study investigated important social factors potentially influencing toddlers’ curiosity and exploration. Especially, the processes of mothers’ influences on children’s exploration viewed in terms of attachment security and supportive behaviors in interactions with mothers. 65 children (24-30 months-old) and their mothers in center-based child care (Wisconsin) and 41 children (24-30 months-old) and their mothers in family child care homes (Indiana) participated in the study. There was no evidence that mother-child attachment security in late infancy is an influential factor for the toddlers’ exploratory behavior in this structured task one year later. Mothers’ verbal comments about toddlers’ exploratory behaviors seem to have negative effects on toddlers’ exploration, while information giving or just commenting on the objects were positively associated with toddler exploration, especially how deeply the child explores (depth of exploration). Age-related effects on toddlers’ exploration with their mothers were discussed.
( Bo Hyung Kang ),( Joyce S Lee ),( Brett M Elicker ),( Thomas Urbania ),( Jay H Ryu ),( Talmadge E King ),( Harold R Collard ),( Dong Soon Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-
Introduction: Definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is very specific, but not sensitive, for UIP pattern on surgical lung biopsy in patients suspected of having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We investigated whether definite UIP pattern on HRCT was specific for UIP pattern on histopathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Methods: Two radiologists reviewed HRCT scans patients with biopsy proven RA-ILD. The radiologists categorized the HRCT scans as definite, possible or inconsistent with UIP pattern using the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT criteria. We also determined the sensitivity and specificity of definite UIP pattern on HRCT to UIP pattern onhistopathology. Results: There were 69 patients with RA-ILD included in this study and were collected from 3 tertiary care centers: University of California San Francisco, Mayo Clinic, and Asan Medical Center. The frequency of histopathologic UIP pattern in this cohort was 61%. Men were more likely than women to have a UIP pattern on histopathology (p 0.02). The agreement between the 2 radiologists for definite UIP pattern was 87% (kappa 0.67, p value <0.0001). The specificity of UIP pattern on HRCT for histopathologic UIP pattern was 96% (95% CI 81%-100%), with a positive predictive value of 95%. The sensitivity of UIP pattern on HRCT for histopathologic UIP pattern was 45% (95% CI 30%-61%), with a negative predictive value of 53%. Conclusion: Definite UIP pattern on HRCT in patients with RA-ILD is highly specific, but not sensitive, to UIP pattern on histopathology. This is consistent with the literature in IPF.
장광진,서규선,안철현,황대선,변재면,박철호,전운성,엘릭,Chang, K.J.,Seo, G.S.,Ahn, C.H.,Huang, D.S.,Byun, J.M.,Park, C.H.,Jeon, U.S.,Elick, G. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2012 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.14 No.1
1) LAE지역으로 강우량이 풍부하고 햇볕의 양이 많은 지역으로 토양산도는 마 재배에 이상적인 pH(H<sub>2</sub>O)가 평균 6.40이다. 그러나 포장에 따라 편차가 심하게 나타나고 있어 재배 기술 보급이 시급한 실정이다. 2) 평균 pH(H<sub>2</sub>O)는 6.4이지만, pH(KCL)가 3.9로 나타났다. 두 pH 차이가 2.5로 심한 양분부족 현상을 보이고 있다. 토양 EC는 0.18 mS/cm로 심각한 토양 수탈현상을 보이고 있다. 3) 토양의 산화환원전위 (ORP)는 393mV로 아주 이상적인 토양을 보이고 있다. 토양산도와 함께 산화환원전위(ORP)는 좋은 유기농 마를 만드는데 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 4) 마는 연중 양분(養分)을 흡수하고 있는데, 측정 결과는 전 항목에서 심한 양분의 부족현상을 보여 향후 유기물의 투입이 요구되고 있다. 그러나 전반적으로 토양은 심한 양분부족 현상을 보이며 부분적으로 심각한 토양 수탈현상을 보이고 있었다. 토양영양에 대한 조사 연구가 지속가능한 유기농 마를 생산할 수 있는 기반임을 인식하는 계기가 되었다.
장광진,서규선,변재면,박철호,전운성,엘릭,엘레오,Chang, K.J.,Seo, G.S.,Byun, Jae Myun,Park, C.H.,Jeon, U.S.,Elick, G.,Eleo, D. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2011 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.13 No.1
Gabensis village is one of the biggest village In the Wampar Local Level Government area within the Huon Gulf District of Morobe Province with a population of around 3,000. The major staple food is banana which is well complemented by minor staples yam, cassava, Singapore/Chinese taro and sweet potato. Apart from gardening for own consumption, the villagers engage in selling of vegetables, garden staples, cocoa beans, coconuts, timber, chicken, fish and pig meat to supplement their livelihood. Livestock like pigs and chickens are also kept for meat and for commercial purpose. Bettlenut which was once one of the main cash crops has now been overtaken by cocoa due to a disease that had attacked almost the entire bettlenut tree population in the area. Even though the Wau-Bulolo highway cuts through the village and all have access to transport infrastructure, the majority of the population still encounter problems in communication due to poor telecommunication coverage. On average most people earn not more than K50 per week due to constrains in production and marketing among others. Gabensis village has the potential to develop a tourism industry given its natural attraction of Lake Wanam. Beside there is also the natural eel farming and the fish pond at the nearby Potsie village. These natural attractions pose huge tourism potential for the community. As part of government services delivery and development, education and health issues is very much important in the community however there is lack of infrastructural development and poor service delivery especially in the area of health. However, the responsibility is on the community to organize themselves to realize that potential. A well developed agro-ecotourism investments would have positive spillover effects to the community thus contributing towards improving the livelihoods of the many farming families.