Wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density shape the epidemiology of highly pathogenic H5N8 influenza in the Republic of Korea

Hill, Sarah C.,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Song, Byung-Min,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Lee, Eun-Kyoung,Hanna, Amanda,Gilbert, Marius,Brown, Ian H.,Pybus, Oliver G. Elsevier Science 2015 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.34 No.-

<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Phylogeographic analyses of H5N8, including 49 new sequences from South Korea.</P>•<P>H5N8 movement was mostly among areas dense in wild and domestic ducks.</P>•<P>New viral introductions to South Korea occurred at time of wild bird migration.</P>•<P>H5N8 epidemiology is shaped by wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density.</P>•<P>H5N8 may have entered Europe at least twice, and Asia at least three times.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses threaten human and animal health yet their emergence is poorly understood, partly because sampling of the HPAI Asian-origin H5N1 lineage immediately after its identification in 1996 was comparatively sparse. The discovery of a novel H5N8 virus in 2013 provides a new opportunity to investigate HPAI emergence in greater detail. Here we investigate the origin and transmission of H5N8 in the Republic of Korea, the second country to report the new strain. We reconstruct viral spread using phylogeographic methods and interpret the results in the context of ecological data on poultry density, overwintering wild bird numbers, and bird migration patterns. Our results indicate that wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density were important to H5N8 epidemiology. Specifically, we infer that H5N8 entered the Republic of Korea via Jeonbuk province, then spread rapidly among western provinces where densities of overwintering waterfowl and domestic ducks are higher, yet rarely persisted in eastern regions. The common ancestor of H5N8 in the Republic of Korea was estimated to have arrived during the peak of inward migration of overwintering birds. Recent virus isolations likely represent re-introductions via bird migration from an as-yet unsampled reservoir. Based on the limited data from outside the Republic of Korea, our data suggest that H5N8 may have entered Europe at least twice, and Asia at least three times from this reservoir, most likely carried by wild migrating birds.</P></▼2>

Roll-Pitch-Yaw Integrated H<SUB>∞</SUB> Controller Synthesis for High Angle-of-Attack Missiles

Byung-Hun Choi,Seon-Hyeok Kang,H. Jin Kim,Dae-Yeon Won,Youn-hwan Kim,Byung-Eul Jun,Jin-ik Lee 한국항공우주학회 2008 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.9 No.1

In this work, we explore the feasibility of roll-pitch-yaw integrated autopilots for high angle-of-attack missiles. An investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a surface-to-air missile is presented, which reveals the strong effects of cross coupling between the longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Robust control techniques based on H∞ synthesis are employed to design roll-pitch-yaw integrated autopilots. The performance of the proposed roll-pitch-yaw integrated controller is tested in high-fidelity nonlinear five-degree-of-freedom simulations accounting for kinematic cross-coupling effects between the lateral and longitudinal channels. Against nonlinearity and cross-coupling effects of the missile dynamics, the integrated controller demonstrates superior performance when compared with the controller designed in a decoupled manner.

Roll-Pitch-Yaw Integrated H_∞ Controller Synthesis for High Angle-of-Attack Missiles

Choi, Byung-Hun,Kang, Seon-Hyeok,Kim, H. Jin,Won, Dae-Yeon,Kim, Youn-Hwan,Jun, Byung-Eul,Lee, Jin-Ik The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2008 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.9 No.1

In this work, we explore the feasibility of roll-pitch-yaw integrated autopilots for high angle-of-attack missiles. An investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a surface-to-air missile is presented, which reveals the strong effects of cross coupling between the longitudinal and lateral dynamics. Robust control techniques based on $H_{\infty}$ synthesis are employed to design roll-pitch-yaw integrated autopilots. The performance of the proposed roll-pitch-yaw integrated controller is tested in high-fidelity nonlinear five-degree-of-freedom simulations accounting for kinematic cross-coupling effects between the lateral and longitudinal channels. Against nonlinearity and cross-coupling effects of the missile dynamics, the integrated controller demonstrates superior performance when compared with the controller designed in a decoupled manner.

지속적 저혈당성 편마비 1례

이용석,김병건,구자성,윤창호,김성훈,이한보,박성호 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase by radiation potentiates the effect of bioreductive beta-lapachone on cancer cells.

Choi, Eun K,Terai, Kaoru,Ji, In-Mi,Kook, Yeon H,Park, Kyung H,Oh, Eun T,Griffin, Robert J,Lim, Byung U,Kim, Jin-Seok,Lee, Doo S,Boothman, David A,Loren, Melissa,Song, Chang W,Park, Heon Joo Stockton Press 2007 Neoplasia Vol.9 No.8

<P>We found that beta-lapachone (beta-lap), a novel bioreductive drug, caused rapid apoptosis and clonogenic cell death in A549 human lung epithelial cancer cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The clonogenic cell death caused by beta-lap could be significantly inhibited by dicoumarol, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxido-reductase (NQO1), and also by siRNA for NQO1, demonstrating that NQO1-induced bioreduction of beta-lap is an essential step in beta-lap-induced cell death. Irradiation of A549 cells with 4 Gy caused a long-lasting upregulation of NQO1, thereby increasing NQO1-mediated beta-lap-induced cell deaths. Although the direct cause of beta-lap-induced apoptosis is not yet clear, beta-lap treatment reduced the expression of p53 and NF-kappaB, whereas it increased cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activity, and gammaH2AX foci formation. Importantly, beta-lap treatment immediately after irradiation enhanced radiation-induced cell death, indicating that beta-lap sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, in addition to directly killing some of the cells. The growth of A549 tumors induced in immunocompromised mice could be markedly suppressed by local radiation therapy when followed by beta-lap treatment. This is the first study to demonstrate that combined radiotherapy and beta-lap treatment can have a significant effect on human tumor xenografts.</P>

New feasible quarantine disinfestation using ethyl formate for termites and ants on imported lumber

Kim Dong bin,Kim Kyung won,박민구,Roh Gwang Hyun,Cha Dong H.,Lee Byung ho 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

The interception of exotic ants and termites from stone and lumber imported into Korea is on the rise, including Solenopsis invicta. Currently, a relatively long exposure (24 h) of methyl bromide (MB) fumigation is the only practical disinfestation option for exotic ants and termites on imported stone and lumber. In this study, ethyl formate (EF) wase evaluated as a potential MB alternative to disinfest ants and termites in imported lumber, with a focus on S. invicta. As S. invicta is not established in Korea, we first determined whether Reticulitermes speratus, established in Korea, could be considered as an EF surrogate of S. invicta. From 1 h EF fumigation trials, workers of S. invicta were more sensitive to EF than those of R. speratus based on lethal concentration × time causing 99% mortality (LCt 99% ), supporting that R. speratus can be used as an EF surrogate of S. invicta. When R. speratus workers were further fumigated with EF for 4 h at four different temperatures, LCt 99% values for R. speratus workers were 108.00, 63.31, 77.24, and 67.24 g h/m 3 at 2, 5, 13, and 23 ◦ C, respectively. From scale-up (0.65 m 3 ) and commercial scale (76.4 m 3 ) trials containing two infestation-prone lumber species, lauan (Shorea spp.) and acacia (Acacia spp.), 140 g/m 3 EF at >5 ◦ C for 4 h resulted in the complete control of R. speratus workers, suggesting that 140 g/m 3 4 h-EF-fumigation may be applicable as a potential MB-alternative treatment for disinfestation of invasive S. invicta on imported lumber.

Methyleugenol reduces cerebral ischemic injury by suppression of oxidative injury and inflammation

Choi, Yoo Keum,Cho, Geum-Sil,Hwang, Sunyoung,Kim, Byung Woo,Lim, Ji. H.,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Hyoung Chun,Kim, Won-Ki,Kim, Yeong Sik Informa UK Ltd. 2010 Free radical research Vol.44 No.8

<P>The present study tested the cytoprotective effect of methyleugenol in an <I>in vivo</I> ischemia model (i.e. middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h and subsequent reperfusion for 24 h) and further investigated its mechanism of action in <I>in vitro</I> cerebral ischemic models. When applied shortly after reperfusion, methyleugenol largely reduced cerebral ischemic injury. Methyleugenol decreased the caspase-3 activation and death of cultured cerebral cortical neurons caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1 h and subsequent re-oxygenation for 24 h. Methyleugenol markedly reduced superoxide generation in the ischemic brain and decreased the intracellular oxidative stress caused by OGD/re-oxygenation. It was found that methyleugenol elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Further, methyleugenol inhibited the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Methyleugenol down-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells. The results indicate that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases.</P>

데이타베이스 지적소유권의 보호체계

이주헌,목진희,박우창,김병록 한국데이타베이스학회 1995 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.2 No.1

도시 소하천 유지용수 확보를 위한 오수의 재이용 가능성에 관한 연구

이상우,문병현,이택순,서규태 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

A feasibility study was conducted to estimate domestic wastewater recycling for drought urban stream restoration. Nam-cheon flowing in the city of Changwon was selected for the study. Estimated low water flow of Nam-cheon was 0.25CMS. However it was calculated that the in-stream flow of Nam-cheon should be 0.78CMS. Although 0.31CMS was deficient to meet the calculated target flow considering inflow of tributaries(0.22CMS), the 0.23CMS of sewage was set to intake from existing trunk sewer in the study area. For the sewage of the concentration higher than 200 mg/L both BOD and SS, a pre-treatment was necessary to meet the target water quality. Chemical precipitation could produce the wastewater quality 81.2 mg/L as BOD and 69.6 mg/L as SS. The experimental result gave the effluent water quality 7.5 mg/L as BOD and 6.7 mg/L as SS after two stage treatment by contact oxidation using gravel and charcoal media, which meet the river water quality standard 10 mg/L as BOD for recreational and ornamental use. It was found that preaeration of sewage was necessary to maintain DO 4 mg/L for the proper treatment in the treatment system. However more economic and environmentally friendly treatment process should be given in further study.

Lipiodol-I-131의 경간동맥 주입에 의한 간암치료의 가능성에 관한 연구

김병수,서정호,이종태,김동익,유형식,박창윤,박찬희 대한핵의학회 1986 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.20 No.2

An iodized oil such as Ethiodol or Lipiodol was selectively retained in the tumor vessels of the large hepatomas as well as in the small daughter hepatomas for long periods following the intra-arterial hepatic injection of such contrast material. The specific aim of the study is to deliver a high internal radiation dose to hepatocellular car- cinoma (HCC) in an attempt to control the disease. We were able to replace a sma11 fraction of the stable iodine (I-127) of the 37% iodine in Lipioclol by the I ' with 100% exehange efficiency. I ' labeled Lipiodol was injected through the super- selerted tumor feeding artery under superselection or into the proper hepatic arterial level of patients who have malignant hepatomas confirmed by aspiration cytology, serum AFP and various imaging modalities, Clinica! traial was performed on 43 cases during recent 6 months and follow-up observa- tion was carried out. No severe complications or other adverse reactions were encountered until nowdays. I(+-+131)-Lipiodol was stable in vivo and no significant activity was noted in the $quot;.hyroid, stomach, blood and urine after the injection. Only small fraction of radioisotope activity was noticed in the both side of lungs. Tumor to normal liver radio was very high. Therefore, I(+-+131)-Lipiodol (or P-32-Lipiodol) will be effective delivering high internal radiation dose to the tumor while delivering small radiation doses to normal tisaues. Labeling, tumor dose caiculation and preliminary findings will be presented.