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이희재,국용인,정정성,이성범,최규환,한옥수,구자옥,Lee, J.J.,Kuk, Y.I.,Chung, J.S.,Lee, S.B.,Choi, K.W.,Han, O.S.,Guh, J.O. 한국잡초학회 1998 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.18 No.3
Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase 유전자를 Agrobacterium을 매개체로 이용하여 전이 시킨 후 cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter하에서 발현케 한 형질전환 담배를 유기하였다. 이러한 형질전환 담배의 diphenyl ether계 제초제 oxfluorfen에 대한 생리적 반응과 여러 환경 조건에서의 생장 반응을 재배종 담배와 비교하였다. Oxyfluorfen의 처리에 의해 나타나는 세포내 구성물질의 누출과 지질과산화작용은 재배종 담배에서보다 형질전환 담배에서 더 작게 이루어졌다. 형질전환 담배의 생장을 여러 온도, 광도 및 수분 조건에서 조사한 결과, 저광도와 포화수분 조건에서의 생장이 재배종 담배에 비해 다소 저하되는 현상이 나타났을 뿐 기타 조건에서의 생장은 재배종 담배의 생장과 거의 동일하였다. 따라서 B. subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase 유전자를 전이시켜 cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter하에서 발현케 한 형질전환 담배는 oxyfluorfen에 대해 비교적 높은 저항성을 나타내지만 형질전환에 따른 생장 변화는 크게 일어나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 한편 이러한 형질전환 담배의 oxyfluorfen에 대한 저항성 기작에 대해서도 논의하였다. The transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) plants containing Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene with cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter have recently been generated by using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. The nontransgenic and the transgenic tobacco plants were compared with respect to responses to diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen and under various environmental conditions. Both cellular leakage and lipid peroxidation caused by oxyfluorfen were found to be less in the transgenic than in the nontransgenic plants. Growth responses of the transgenic plants under various temperature, light, and water conditions were almost the same as those of the nontransgenic plants, although the transgenic plants exhibited slightly more retarded growth under low light or saturated water condition. These results revealed that the transgenic tobacco plants containing B. subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene under cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were relatively resistant to oxyfluorfen and exhibited normal growth pattern. Possible mechanism of resistance to oxyfluorfen in the transgenic plants is also discussed.
농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 증체와 부위별 지방조직의 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과
송만강,김내수,정정수,최양일,원유석,정재경,최성호 ( M . K . Song,N . S . Kim,C . S . Chung,Y . I . Choi,Y . S . Won,J . K . Chung,S . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5
The study was conducted with 63 Hanwoo bull calves of 193 days old for 19 months(up to 26 month of age) to examine the effect of feeding level of concentrate on the body weight gain, feed requirements and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of various locations(subcutaneous, abdominal, kidney, intermuscular and intramuscular fats). The calves were allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding level of concentrate(85, 100 and 115%), and fed concentrates of Grower(7∼10 month of age), Finisher I(11∼16 month of age), Finisher II (17∼20 month of age) and Finisher III(21∼26 month of age). The feeding levels of concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 115% were decreased or increased by 15%, respectively, up to 15 month of age based on the similar body weight to the cattle of 100%. The feeding levels of the concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 100% were continuously increased for the next 2 months, to make same levels as for the cattle of I15%, thereafter amount of concentrate were continuously increased based on the rate of body gain for all the cattle. The cattle were fed in a individual feeding system through the experimental period. The cattle were slaughtered at the ages of 6, 14, 18 and 24 month and adipose tissues were collected to analyze long chain fatty acids. Results observed from the study were summarized as follows Overall mean dry matter intake and body gain per day and feed requirements of Hanwoo bulls during the 19 months of feeding from 193 day old calves were 6.69㎏, 0.95㎏ and 7.06, respectively. Body gain of the Hanwoo bulls during experimental period was greatly affected by the feeding level of concentrate, but feed requirement was improved up to 20 month of age with the decreased feeding level of concentrate. Fatty acids of C_(16:0) C_(18:0) and C_(18:1) in the adipose tissues at various locations of Hanwoo bulls were dominated. The feeding level of concentrate did not affect the fatty acid composition except for C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous fat, and C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) in intramuscular fat of the cattle that were fed at the level of 85% at the age of 14 month(P$lt;.05). No differences were observed in fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of each location for the cattle of 18 and 24 month of age among treatments. There were tendencies of greater C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats while higher C_(18:0) in abdominal fat. There were also trends of greater unsaturated fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats and higher saturated fatty acids in abdominal, kidney and intermuscular fats. Percent C_(18:0) tended to be decreased while C_(16:1) C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) increased with the age of Hanwoo bulls.
Growth Curve Characteristics of Bull and Steer of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) : Korean Cattle
Kim, N. S.,Ju, J. C.,Song, M. K.,Chung, C. S.,Choi, Y. I.,Park, C. J. 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5
농협 한우 개량부에서 시험 사육한 거세우 및 비거세우 각각 60두의 자료를 근거로 곰페르츠 방정식에 의한 성장곡선을 추정한 결과 비거세우의 성장곡선 방정식은 W_t=906.1·exp{-3.956·exp(-0.0034t)}이었으며, 거세우의 성장곡선 방정식은 W_t=823.1·exp{-3.301·exp(-0.0027t)}이었다. 이 추정식에 의한 성숙체중은 과거에 추정한 식보다 높게 추정되었는데 이는 사양조건의 차이에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 비거세우에 대한 거세우의 체중비는 19.5개월까지는 급격히 감소하여 79.2% 정도에 이르렀으나, 이후 격차는 서서히 줄어들어 성숙시에는 90.8%에 이르렀다. 추정식은 생시 체중이 거세우의 경우 과다하게 그리고 비거세우의 경우 과소하게 추정되었으며, 실제 체중의 변이는 비거세우가 거세우에 비해 큰 경향을 보였다. Body weight-age data form 60 bulls and 60 steer of Hanwoo in the Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center was used to determine the growth curve parameters with Gompertz equation. Estimated growth curve functions were as follow; Bul l : W_t=906.1·exp{-3.956·exp(-0.0034t)} Steer : W_t=823.1·exp{-3.301·exp(-0.0027t)} Mature weight estimated with Gompertz equation of bull is higher than earlier studies. And the major factor raising differences from the other is feeding level. Relative body weights of steer to bull were rapidly decreased to 79.2% until 19.5 months of age, and then increased slowly. The ratio was 90.8% at mature state. Body weight was under-estimated for bull at birth, but over-estimated for steer, and the body weight variations of bull were larger than the steer.
김내수,원유석,송만강,최양일,정정수,이창림,정재경,임진희 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.6
The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of growing age on the carcass, meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics in Hanwoo bulls during the growing period of 6 to 30 months. A total of 54 heads of Hanwoo bulls (6 heads of 6 months, 12 heads each of 14, 18, 24 and 30 months) were conventionally slaughtered at each age, and then chilled overnight. The carcass characteristics and quality or yield grade (QG or YG) were determined on those carcasses, longissimus muscle (3Kg) was removed from left sides at 1st to 5th lumbar vertebrate and meat qualities or muscle fiber characteristics were evaluated. In the carcass characteristics of Hanwoo bulls, live weight, carcass weight and ribeye area except backfat thickness and dressing percent were increased(P $lt; 0.05) until 24 months of age. The backfat thickness was increased(P $lt; 0.05) from 18 to 24 months of age. The dressing percent was decreased(P $lt; 0.05) from 6 to 14 months, but thereafter slowly increased. Carcasses from 6 or 14 months of age showed A grade of YG, but carcasses from 18 to 30 months showed B grade. In QG, carcasses from 6 or 14 months showed `out of grade' and carcasses from 18 to 30 months showed grade 3 of QG, but the QG was not improved after the 24 months of age. In meat qualities of longissimus muscle, the pH and water-holding capacity tended to be similar except 18 months of age, and the meat color changed to red from 14 to 18 months of age. The shear force was increased(P $lt; 0.05) from 14 to 18 months, but after that decreased(P $lt; 0.05) at 30 months. In proximal analysis, the moisture content was decreased until 24 months of age, but the protein and fat contents tended to increase. In panel test, the flavor score tended to increase but the tenderness or total acceptability score tended to decrease until 30 months of age. In the muscle fiber characteristics, the ratio of white muscle fiber(IIW type) was the largest, and the ratio of intermediate muscle fiber(IIR type) was the smallest except for 6 or 24 months. The ratio of red muscle fiber(IR type) or IIR type tended to decrease, but the ratio of IIW tended to increase until 24 months of age. In the muscle fiber diameter, the IIW type had the largest diameter, but the IR type had the smallest diameter except the I8 or 24 months of age. The diameter of three muscle fiber types tended to increase until 30 months, and the IIW type showed faster increase. In the transmission electron micrographs, muscle fiber from longissimus muscle of 6 months did not show the full development and the A or I band was not fully observed. However, muscle fiber from longissimus muscle of 18 months showed thicker Z-line and the A or I band was fully observed. The longissimus muscle of 24 or 30 months showed the similar morphological pattern of muscle fiber as 18 months of growing age, but the muscle fiber seemed to be fully developed.
연령과 농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 지방합성과 지방세포 크기에 미치는 영향
김내수,원유석,송만강,최양일,정정수,정재경,김진걸 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4
The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of age and feeding level of the concentrates on lipogenesis of adipose tissue and adipocyte size in the Hanwoo bulls. A total of 48 bulls was allocated into 3 feeding groups, 85% 100%, 115% of the requirement for Hanwoo cattle. Four animals per feeding level were killed at 15, 18, 24, 30 months of age for the measurement of lipogenesis and adipocyte size. Lipogenesis was measured with subcutaneous, intermuscular adipose tissue explants in culture by the amount of acetate or glucose converted into the total lipid and adipocyte diameters were measured with subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perirenal fat tissues at each slaughtering age. Initially, we measured the effect of insulin on lipogenesis of Hanwoo adipose tissue to establish an optimal condition for measuring lipogenesis. Insulin had no effect on lipogenesis. As the bulls get older, lipogenesis from acetate was reduced and similar trend was found for glucose. Lipogenesis from acetate of subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher than that of intermuscular adipose tissue. However, there was no significant difference in lipogenesis from glucose between the two adipose tissues. Adipocyte diameter was continuously increased from 15 to 30 months of age in the Hanwoo bulls. Adipocytes from perirenal adipose tissue were bigger than those from subcutaneous or intermuscular adipose tissues. Feeding level of concentrates did not affect either lipogenesis or adipocyte size.