농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 증체와 부위별 지방조직의 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과

송만강,김내수,정정수,최양일,원유석,정재경,최성호 ( M . K . Song,N . S . Kim,C . S . Chung,Y . I . Choi,Y . S . Won,J . K . Chung,S . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The study was conducted with 63 Hanwoo bull calves of 193 days old for 19 months(up to 26 month of age) to examine the effect of feeding level of concentrate on the body weight gain, feed requirements and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of various locations(subcutaneous, abdominal, kidney, intermuscular and intramuscular fats). The calves were allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding level of concentrate(85, 100 and 115%), and fed concentrates of Grower(7∼10 month of age), Finisher I(11∼16 month of age), Finisher II (17∼20 month of age) and Finisher III(21∼26 month of age). The feeding levels of concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 115% were decreased or increased by 15%, respectively, up to 15 month of age based on the similar body weight to the cattle of 100%. The feeding levels of the concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 100% were continuously increased for the next 2 months, to make same levels as for the cattle of I15%, thereafter amount of concentrate were continuously increased based on the rate of body gain for all the cattle. The cattle were fed in a individual feeding system through the experimental period. The cattle were slaughtered at the ages of 6, 14, 18 and 24 month and adipose tissues were collected to analyze long chain fatty acids. Results observed from the study were summarized as follows Overall mean dry matter intake and body gain per day and feed requirements of Hanwoo bulls during the 19 months of feeding from 193 day old calves were 6.69㎏, 0.95㎏ and 7.06, respectively. Body gain of the Hanwoo bulls during experimental period was greatly affected by the feeding level of concentrate, but feed requirement was improved up to 20 month of age with the decreased feeding level of concentrate. Fatty acids of C_(16:0) C_(18:0) and C_(18:1) in the adipose tissues at various locations of Hanwoo bulls were dominated. The feeding level of concentrate did not affect the fatty acid composition except for C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous fat, and C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) in intramuscular fat of the cattle that were fed at the level of 85% at the age of 14 month(P$lt;.05). No differences were observed in fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of each location for the cattle of 18 and 24 month of age among treatments. There were tendencies of greater C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats while higher C_(18:0) in abdominal fat. There were also trends of greater unsaturated fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats and higher saturated fatty acids in abdominal, kidney and intermuscular fats. Percent C_(18:0) tended to be decreased while C_(16:1) C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) increased with the age of Hanwoo bulls.

학술발표초록 ; 단위영양 및 반추영양 ( 포스터발표 ) ; 발효사료의 급여가 면양의 반추위내 발효 및 분해특성 , 박테리아의 수 그리고 전장 소화율에 미치는 효과

송만강,손호진 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1996 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-

학술발표회 : 반추영양 ( 구두발표 ) ; Crushed flaxseed 의 formaldehyde 처리가 시험사료의 반추위 내 발효특성과 분해률 , 전장 소화율 및 혈액 내 long chain fatty acid 조성에 미치는 효과

송만강,정태영,심정석 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1994 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-

탄수화물의 종류가 IN VITRO 반추위박테리아에 의한 OLEIC ACID 의 HYDROGENATION 및 INCORPORATION 에 미치는 효과

송만강,왕제휘,최향순 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 시험은 첨가하는 탄수화물의 종류가 반추위 박테리아에 의한 발효특성, 박테리아 성장 및 oleic acid(C_(18:1))의 hydrogenation과 박테리아 lipid로의 incorporation을 조사하고자 in vitro 방법으로 실시 되었다. 200㎖ non-selective basal broth medium에 dextrose, starch 또는 cellulose powder를 0.20%로(w/v) 첨가하였으며, 탄수화물이 첨가되지 않은 control을 포함한 4처리 각각을 위해 nylon 천(2×3㎝)을 이용하여 평균 87.4㎎의 C_(18:1) 과 I^-(14)C_(18:1) 2.09uCi를 흡착시켰다. Oleic acid와 각각의 탄수화물이 첨가된 broth medium에 8겹의 cheese cloth로 여과시킨 반추위액 3㎖를 첨가하여 혐기적인 방법으로 39℃의 진탕배양기에서 24시간 배양하였다. 이와는 별도로 반추위액만이 포함된 broth medium(blank)을 동일한 조건에서 배양하였다. 탄수화물의 첨가는 blank와 control에 비하여 배양 12시간 이후 배양액(broth medium)의 pH를 낮추었으며 배양 6시간에서는 dextrose 첨가구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.0001). 배양액 암모니아 농도의 경우 12시간의 배양 이후 탄수화물 첨가구의 pH보다 blank와 control에서 더 증가되었으나(p<0.0111) 첨가한 탄수화물 종류에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 배양 종료시 배양액의 총 VFA 농도는 blank 및 control에 비하여 3종류의 탄수화물 첨가구 모두에서 현저히(p<0.0002) 증가되었다. 또한 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 acetate(C₂)의 조성 비율이 점차 감소되었던 반면 propionate(C₃)의 조성 비율은 점차 증가되었다. 배양 12시간에서는 starch와 cellulose 첨가구에서 C₂의 조성비율이 낮았으나(p<0.0002), 종료시점인 24시간에서는 blank와 control의 경우에 비하여 모든 탄수화물 첨가구에서 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.0001). Propionate의 경우 C₂와는 반대의 경향을 보였다. Butyrate 조성 비율은 24시간에 dextrose와 staph 첨가구에서(p<0.0001) 더 높았다. 한편, 24시간의 배양 후 박테리아 수는 dextrose 첨가구에서 가장 높았으나(p<0.0001) 다른 처리구 간에는 차이가 없었다. Nylon 천에서 배양액으로 유출된 C_(18:1)의 bydrogenation 율(%)은 배양 6시간 및 12시간에서 상대적으로 pH가 낮은 dextrose나 starch 첨가구에서 높았던 반면 cellulose 첨가구에서 낮은 경향을 보였다. 또한 C_(18:1)이나 stearic acid의 형태로 박테리아 lipid로의 incorporation된 율은 탄수화물 첨가구 중 pH가 가장 높았던 cellulose 첨가구에서 11.1%로 가장 증가된 경향이었다. 그러나 hydrogenation 및 incorporation 모두 탄수화물 첨가여부 또는 탄수화물의 종류에 따른 현저한 차이는 없었다. An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of carbohydrate sources(dextrose, starch or cellulose) added to the broth medium on fermentation characteristics, bacterial growth, hydrogenation of oleic acid(C_(18:1)) and direct incorporation of C_(18) fatty acids by mined ruminal bacteria in vitro. Carbohydrates were added to 200㎖ non-selective basal broth medium at the level of 0.2%(w/v). Oleic acid(87.4㎎) and 1-^(14)C_(18:1)(2.09uCi) were absorbed into the nylon cloth(2 × 3㎝), and the two pieces of nylon cloth were placed to 200㎖ broth medium for each treatment. Three mls of rumen fluid strained through 8 layers of cheese cloth were added to each broth medium, then was incubated anaerobically in the shaking incubator of 39℃ for 24 hour. The broth media of control which do not contain the carbohydrates and blank which contain rumen fluid only were also incubated. Addition of carbohydrates to the broth medium tended to decrease the pH of broth media after 12h and 24h incubations compared to those of blank and control, and the lowest(p<0.0001) pH was observed from the dextrose addition at the 6h incubation. Ammonia concentrations in the broth media of blank and control after 12h incubation slightly increased(p<0.0111) compared to those in the carbohydrates added media, but there were no differences in pH among carbohydrate sources. Volatile fatty acid concentration in the carbohydrates added broth media increased(p<0.0002) compared to those in blank and control after 24h incubation. As incubation time passed molar proportion of acetate(C₂) decreased gradually but propionate(C₃) proportion increased. Proportions of C₂ were lower (p<0.0002) for the starch and cellulose added media at 12h incubation while increased C₂ proportions were observed from all the carbohydrate added media compared to those from blank and control when the incubation was terminated(24h). Opposite results to the C₂ were observed from C₃. Increased(p<0.0001) molar proportions of butyrate were found from the dextrose and starch added media after 24h incubation. Highest number of viable bacteria was observed from the dextrose added medium after 24h incubation. Percent hydrogenation of C_(18:10) tended to increase for the dextrose and starch added media which were relatively low in pH after 6h and 12h incubation while incorporation(%) of C_(18:1) or C_(18:0) into the bacterial lipids tended to increase for the celluiose addod medium which was high in pH.

한우사육과 조사료

송만강 한국종축개량협회 2001 한우개량 Vol.6 No.7

소를 사육하는데 있어 목초나 볏짚 또는 담근먹이와 같은 조사료가 필요하다는 것을 모르는 사육농가는 없을 것이다. 그러나 농후사료에 비해 맛이 떨어지고 영양가도 별로 없을 것 같은 조사료가 왜 그리 중요한가를 잘 아는 사육농가가 과연 얼마나 되는지 의심스럽다 물론 젖소를 키우는 낙농가의 경우 그 중요성을 충분히 인식하고 있다. 조사료의 수급 문제를 생각하기 전에 잠시 소에 있어서 조사료가 왜 중요하며 그것이 어떤 역할을 하는지 알아보기로 한다.

조사료와 한우산업, 당위성과 경쟁력

송만강 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

乳汁中의 CI^- 値 測定에 의한 乳房炎檢査에 관하여

송만강,김재천 충남대학교 교지편집위원회 1978 寶雲 - 충남대학교 Vol.- No.8

산란계에 대한 칼슘 공급제의 사료가치 비교시험 2 . 칼슘 공급수준의 입자도 및 공급원이 산란형질 및 난각질에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호,곽종형 ( Man K . Song,In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee,Chong H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and source of calcium supplements on the laying performances for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 240 Single Comb White Leghorn of 39 weeks old were divided into 6 treatments consisted of oystershell (coarse, medium, fine) and limestone (coarse, medium, fine). The results obtained are as follows. 1. Feed consumption was not affected by the particle size and the source of calcium supplements in the laying hen diets. 2. Egg production rate was slightly higher for the layers fed fine particle size and for the limestone fed groups, but the difference was not significant. 3. No significant difference was Found in egg weight, egg shell wt./egg wt./egg shell thickness and calcium content in egg shell, However, slightly improved results were obtained by the birds Fed coarse particle size and by the oystershell fed groups. 4. Soft and shelless egg production, mortality were higher for the layers fed fine particle size and For those fed oystershell than other treatments, but the differences were nat significant. 5. Nutrient utilizability among treatments was not affected by calcium supplements and/or particle sizes. According to the results obtained, the layers fed the oystershell in coarse particle were more adequate for egg shell quality except for the laying performance.

산란계 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산에 영향하는 효과 1 . 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 성장 , 난관 및 경골의 발달에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호 ( Man K . Song,In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of restricted feeding of pullets during the growing period on growth rate, development of oviduct and tibia. The experiment was conducted with 480 Hi-Sex strain of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets with 8 weeks of age during the feeding trial. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Body weight gain was significantly (p$lt;0.05) reduced as the level of protein and feed intake decreased. Feed consumption in protein restricted groups was also significantly (p$lt;0.05) reduced in comparison with that of control groups (A). Feed efficiency however, was not coincided with body weight gain or feed consumption, birds of 80% of intake consumed by control birds during phase 1 (8-14 weeks) and 60% during phase 2 (14-20 weeks) were the highest to be 6.25, and were the lowest in birds (D) fed 10% of dietary protein in both phase to be 8.59. Therefore, there were highly significant (p$lt;0.01) differences in feed efficiency among treatments. 2. Development of oviduct was retarded by restriction of protein and/or feed intake. The length (55.9cm) and the weight (27.8g) of oviduct for the control birds (A) were the highest and the lowest in G (60% of feed intake consumed by control birds in both phase) measured to be 14.9cm and 3.4g, respectively. Therefore, there were significant (p$lt;0.01) differences in the length and the weight of oviduct among treatments of 20 weeks of age. Tibial development was in agreement with that of oviduct but, there were no significant differences. 3. There was higher mortality in severely restricted birds (D and G) than in control birds. Mortality was the largest in the birds of D group to be 8.3%, and the difference between control and D group was 5%. 4. Nutrient utilizabilities of growing chicks were slightly higher in restricted group than in the control group, but there were no significant differences among treatments. It was concluded that body weight gain and development of oviduct and tibia were affected by the degree of restriction, but feed efficiencies in restricted groups were relatively larger than that of control group (A).

산란계 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산에 영향하는 효과 2 . 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산 능력 및 경제성에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호 ( Man K Song,In K Han,Kyu H Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of restricted feeding of pullets during the growing period on subsequent laying performance and costs and returns, and was carried out with Hi-sex strain Single Comb White Leghorn chicks with 20 weeks of age in the laying period. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of hen day egg production after the initial delay in sexual maturity was slightly higher for the restricted groups than for the control groups, the total number of eggs laid per bird housed for 294 days test period however, was slightly lower than for the control birds. But there ware no significant differences between control (A) and restricted birds. 2. It was found that the restricted feeding has no difinite beneficial effect on egg size although the restricted birds laid more heavier eggs (0.4-1.1 g) than control group (A). 3. The restricted feeding during the growing did not cause a subsequent increase in total feed consumption in the laying period. Feed efficiency during the laying trial period tended to be related with egg production and egg weight since there were not differences in feed consumption among treatments, but were not significant differences. 4. In the laying period, there was higher mortality in severely restricted birds in the feeding trial than in control birds (A). Larger groups in mortality were D and G group to be 10% and the difference between control and two groups was 4%. But there were no differences between other restricted birds and control birds. 5. No significant differences were found in nutrients utilizabilities of laying hen among treatments. Therefore, it appeared that restricted feeding during the growing period has no effect on nutrients utilizabilities of subsequent laying period. 6. Total feed cost in restricted groups for the both growing and laying periods combined was less than that of control (6996.1 Won) and was the lowest in G group (6612.8 Won). Egg income (7431.6 Won) from the control birds was higher due to total eggs laid when the egg income was estimated by the same size but in case of being estimated by graded size, the egg income from restricted groups except for two groups (B and C) were apparently increased. In this experiment, the most advantageous restricted group was E (80% of intake consumed by control bird). It was concluded that intake restricted feeding during the growing period of pullets would be a desirable and economically more advantageous method for rearing egg production stocks than balanced diet and ful-fed feeding or protein restricted feeding.