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정안덕 서강대학교 철학연구소 2009 철학논집 Vol.17 No.-
명말청초 중국에 전해진 기독종교인 예수회 천주교의 인애관인 “至 仁至義”의 신관과 당시 중국의 주류 종교사상이었던 불교의 “廣大慈 悲”의 이념 간에 발생한 일련의 역사적인 조우와 회통은 적지 않은 반 향과 심각한 논변과정을 통과해 가면서 각자의 본질을 노출시킬 수 있 었고 그럼으로써 기독종교와 중국의 종교철학간의 비교적 핵심적 차원 의 내용들을 교환하게 되었다. 흥미롭게도, 인애관을 둘러싸고 발생한 쌍방간의 호교, 호법적인 대화는, 두 종교의 교의가 그 존재 내지 가능 성을 인정해 온, "지옥”이라고 하는 한 가지 공동의 범주에 대한 각기 다른 이해의 각도에서 어느 정도 일관성 있게 전개해 나갈 수 있었다. 그러나 양교의 인애관이 내함한 이념적 차이는 극단적으로 심각한 것이었으니, 신 중심의 神, 物, 人이라고 하는 존재적 관계에는 근본적 으로 相卽性이 있을 수 없는 各種其類적인 기독종교의 세계관과 無彼 無此, 즉 너도 없고 나도 없는 唯心論적 “人物同靈,天人平論”의 萬法 平等적 불교 본원관이었다. 그와 같이 완전히 대립적 구조에 있는 天, 佛 양가의 신학적, 철학적 기초에도 불구하고, 양교 공동의 교의적 정 수인 “仁愛”라고 하는 유가적 接入点을 찾아내어, 전교사 리마도우(利 瑪竇; 1552-1610)에서 승려 푸렌지에(普仁截; 1628-1682에 이르기까지 그 수 십 년에 걸쳐 실천한 양가의 쟁변은, 중국에서의 천, 불 양대 종 교의 일차 심각하고도 중대한 접촉 내지 대화였음은 물론, 동서 종교 교류사에 있어서 소위 神立之敎인 기독종교와 人文宗敎인 불교가 비교 적 대등하게 조우한 공전절후적인 종교 문화적 교류의 한 구성원이 아 닐 수 없었다. 본 논문은 당시 천, 불 대화가 남겨 놓은 "傳教, 反教 내지 护教적 역사문헌자료에 근거하여, 먼저 “至仁至义로우신 天主” 부분을 통해 명 말 천주교에 의해 창조적으로 수립된 인애관의 기독종교적 특색이 무 엇이었는지를 파악하고자 하며, “业报由己와 祸福由主”의 둘째 부분을 통해 “지의” 관념을 중심으로 한 천, 불 대화를, “廣大慈悲와 仁不害義” 의 셋째 부분을 통해서는 주로 “지인”관념을 중심으로 한 천, 불 대화 내용과 실질을 다루어 보려고 한다. 한편 우리는, 그 주제를 둘러싼 두 종교의
정안덕,박상현,박정수,조상철,홍성범,황선호,김완,김원 대한심장학회 2009 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.39 No.5
Background and Objectives: Several studies have shown that angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Telmisartan is a highly selective ARB that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of telmisartan, such as endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and insulin sensitivity, in patients with essential hypertension. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with essential hypertension were administered telmisartan (80 mg once daily) using an open-labeled and prospective protocol. The patients were examined before and 8 weeks after treatment to assess changes in flow mediated-vasodilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and adiponection. Results: The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased from 153±15 mmHg and 90±13 mmHg to 137±16 mmHg and 84±10 mmHg after telmisartan treatment, respectively (p<0.01). Telmisartan therapy increased the FMD from 7.6±3.5 to 9.0±2.8% (p<0.01). The following parameters of arterial stiffness were significantly improved after telmisartan therapy: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), from 17.2±3.1 to 15.9±2.6 m/ sec; heart-carotid PWV (hcPWV), from 9.7±1.8 to 9.0±1.9 m/sec; and heart-femoral PWV (hfPWV), from 11.3±1.9 to 10.7±1.9 m/sec (p<0.01). There were no changes in QUICKI, the HOMA level, and plasma adiponectin (p=NS). Conclusion: These results suggest that telmisartan is effective in improving endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. Background and Objectives: Several studies have shown that angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Telmisartan is a highly selective ARB that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of telmisartan, such as endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and insulin sensitivity, in patients with essential hypertension. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-nine patients with essential hypertension were administered telmisartan (80 mg once daily) using an open-labeled and prospective protocol. The patients were examined before and 8 weeks after treatment to assess changes in flow mediated-vasodilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and adiponection. Results: The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased from 153±15 mmHg and 90±13 mmHg to 137±16 mmHg and 84±10 mmHg after telmisartan treatment, respectively (p<0.01). Telmisartan therapy increased the FMD from 7.6±3.5 to 9.0±2.8% (p<0.01). The following parameters of arterial stiffness were significantly improved after telmisartan therapy: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), from 17.2±3.1 to 15.9±2.6 m/ sec; heart-carotid PWV (hcPWV), from 9.7±1.8 to 9.0±1.9 m/sec; and heart-femoral PWV (hfPWV), from 11.3±1.9 to 10.7±1.9 m/sec (p<0.01). There were no changes in QUICKI, the HOMA level, and plasma adiponectin (p=NS). Conclusion: These results suggest that telmisartan is effective in improving endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension.
혈액투석 환자에서 중심동맥 경직도와 대동맥 석회화의 연관성
정안덕 ( An Doc Jung ),김창성 ( Chang Seong Kim ),최준석 ( Joon Seok Choi ),배은희 ( Eun Hui Bae ),김계훈 ( Kye Hun Kim ),안영근 ( Young Keun Ahn ),김수완 ( Soo Wan Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.81 No.2
Background/Aims: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. It may berelated to nontraditional risk factors such as arterial stiffness (AS) and vascular calcification (VC). AS, as evaluated by pulse wavevelocity (PWV), has been established to be an independent predictor of CV mortality. This study investigated the relationship between AS and VC, and contributing risk factors in patients with hypertension undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods: Cross-sectional data are reported on 65 patients with hypertension and 61 patients undergoing HD. PWV, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, and serum markers of mineral metabolism were measured. Results: Mean heart-femoral (hf) PWV and brachial-ankle (ba) PWV were higher in the HD group than in the hypertensive group.In a univariate linear regression analysis, hfPWV was positively correlated with age (r=0.613, p<0.01), pulse pressure (r=0.540,p<0.01), highest aortic VC (HU) (r=0.483, p<0.01), gender (r=0.354, p<0.05), and diabetes (r=0.331, p<0.05). Aortic VC was also positively correlated with pulse pressure (r=0.483, p<0.01), age (r=0.392, p<0.01), and dialysis duration (r=0.389, p<0.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, old age, diabetes, male gender, high pulse pressure, and dialysis duration weresignificantly associated with PWV in that order, whereas high pulse pressure, dialysis duration, and age were significant factors for aortic VC. Arterial stiffness was more prevalent and advanced in the diabetic HD group than that in the nondiabetic HD group. Conclusions: A high prevalence of arterial stiffness was noted in patients undergoing HD, which was closely related with old age, diabetes, male gender, and high pulse pressure. Patients with diabetes undergoing HD may be at risk for vascular stiffness. (Korean J Med 2011;81:215-222)
Erythropoietin 투여 후 나타난 투석막 재사용 투석효율 및 임상지표의 변화에 관한 연구
신진,전용덕,이성은,이승복,안병진,윤광식,문도호,도승경,정안철,최장균,정예경,강효종 대한신장학회 1998 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.17 No.2
The use of erythropoietin for correction of anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients affects dialyzer reuse, dialysis efficacy and other clinical pararneters. This study showed the change of Kt/fVurea, nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN, body weight, ultrafiltration volume, pre-dialysis blood pressure, heparin dosage, the number of dialyzer reuse caused by the administration of erythropoietin in reuse(n=ll) and first use(n=9) patients who were started erythropoietin since January, 1995. 1) In 20 all patients, hematocrit increased significantly after EPO treatment 20.7±0.8%, 27.8±0.7%, ultrafiltration volume increased from 2.0±0.3L to 2.5±0.2L(P$lt;0.05). However no significant changes were noted in Kt/Vurea, nPCR and other parameters 2) In patients of dialysis reuse, the number of reuse was not affected by EPO treatment(8.4±1.7, 9.6±1.5, P=0.67). No significant differences were observed in all parameters except hematocrit in case of first use and reuse. 3) Entire patients were reclassified into low baselitein intake group(nPCR$lt;1.0g/kg/day) and high baseline protein intake group(nPcR$gt;1.0/kg/ day) and then pretreatment versus posttreatment nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN and ultrafiltration volume were compared. In low baseline protein intake group, significant increases of ultrafiltration volume, nPCR were observed. However, pre-dialysis BUN were not changed significantly. In high protein intake group, nPCR, pre-dialysis BUN, ultrafiltration volume were changed without significance. In conclusion, EPO treatment did not affect Kt/ Vurea, dialyzer reuse, nPCR, predialysis blood pressure, heparin dosage. But ultrafiltration volume increased significantly after EPO treatment. Maybe increased appetite in low baseline protein intake group caused the increased posttreatment ultrafiltration volume.