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L-Carnitine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate를 이용한 분유모델시스템의 마이얄반응생성물 저감화 조건 최적화
정혜림(Hye-Lim Jung),남미현(Mi-Hyun Nam),홍충의(Chung-Oui Hong),표민철(Min-Cheol Pyo),오준구(Jun-Gu Oh),김용기(Young Ki Kim),최유영(You Young Choi),권정일(Jung Il Kwon),이광원(Kwang-Won Lee) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.1
본 연구는 분유모델시스템에 L-carnitine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate를 첨가하여 Maillard 반응에 의해 생성된 MRPs를 저감화 시키기 위한 최적조건을 찾기 위해 RSM의 CCD를 이용하였다. L-Carnitine (X₁), pyridoxine hydrochloride (X₂), DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (X₃)의 농도를 독립변수로 하고 형광도와 HMF 함량을 종속변수로 각각 설정하였다. 종속변수 회귀식의 결정계수(R<SUP>2</SUP>)는 각각 0.942, 0.861로 반응표면분석 모델에 적합하였다. 형광도와 HMF 함량은 L-carnitine과 pyridoxine hydrochloride의 농도가 낮을 때 DL-α-tocopheryl acetate의 농도가 감소할수록 그 값이 급격히 감소하였다. L-Carnitine의 농도가 높을 때 pyridoxine hydrochloride의 농도가 20 μM 이하로 감소할수록 형광도가 감소하였고 HMF 함량은 L-carnitine의 농도에 관계없이 pyridoxine hydrochloride의 농도가 20 μM 이하로 감소할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험에서 분유모델시스템에서 생성된 MRPs를 저감화 할 수 있는 최적조건으로 L-carnitine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate의 농도는 각각 2.26, 15.77, 20.63 μM이었다. 이때 형광도는 77.4%였고 HMF 함량은 248.7 ppb로 각각 유단백질-유당 마이얄 반응생성물(LC, lactose+sodium caseinate)대비 MRPs를 22.6, 23.1% 감소시킬 수 있다고 예측할 수 있었다. 또한, RSM을 통해 찾은 최적 조건의 실험값으로 형광도는 79.3%였고 HMF 함량은 247.6 ppb로 각각 LC대비 MRPs를 20.7, 17.8% 감소 시켰다. 따라서, L-carnitine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate의 최적화된 혼합을 통하여 분유제조 시 MRPs 생성을 저감화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic reaction between amino and carbonyl groups. During milk processing, lactose reacts with milk protein through this reaction. Infant formulas (IFs) are milk-based products processed with heattreatments, including spray-drying and sterilization. Because IFs contain higher Maillard reaction products (MRPs) than breast milk, formula-fed infants are subject to higher MRP exposure than breast milk-fed ones. In this study, we investigated the optimization of conditions for minimal MRP formation with the addition of L-carnitine (L-car), pyridoxine hydrochloride (PH), and DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (α-T) in an IF model system. MRP formation was monitored by response surface methodology using fluorescence intensity (FI) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. The optimal condition for minimizing the formation of MRPs was with 2.3 μM L-car, 15.8 μM PH, and 20.6 μM α-T. Under this condition, the predicted values were 77.4% FI and 248.7 ppb HMF.
정광일,최병두,김신국,김우성,최용국,Chung Kwang-il,Choi Byeong-doo,Kim Shin-Kook,Kim Woo-Seong,Choi Yong-Kook 한국전기화학회 1998 한국전기화학회지 Vol.1 No.1
1M LiPF_6/EC:DME(1:1) 전해질 용액에서 시간-전위차법, 순환 전압-전류법, 시간-전류법 , 그리고 임피던스법을 이용하여 리튬 이온 전지의 충방전 용량을 조사하였고 초기 충전과정에서 용매 분해로 형성된 필름의 영향을 알아보았다. 충 방전 결과에 따르면, 1 M $LiPF_6/EC:DME$를 이용한 반쪽전지의 초기 비가역 용량은 상당히 크게 나타났다 이러한 비가역 용량은 대부분 용매 분해에 의한 것으로 해석되었으며, 용매 분해로 인하여 MPCF전극 표면에 필름이 형성되었다. 초기 충전과정에서 형성된 필름은 방전과정에서 산화되지 않았으며 2번째 충전부터 용매 분해는 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 초기 충전과정에서 EC:DME용매속의 Li이 MPCF층 속으로 삽입될 때 용매와 함께 삽입됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 삽입이 진행될 때 MPCF표면의 입자들이 박리되고, 박리된 입자들과 용매 분해 생성물들이 서로 섞여 필름을 형성하므로써 필름의 저항은 크게 나타났다. The electrochemical behavior of film and charge-discharge capacity of Li-ion cell in 1 M $LiPF_6/EC:DME$ (1 : 1, by volume ratio) electrolyte solution was studied using chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The first irreversible capacity was higher than the second irrversible capacity because of solvent decomposition. Especially, passivation film that is electron insulating and ionic conducting were formed on the MPCF by solvent decomposition during the first charge. The solvated Li is co-intercalated with solvent into MPCF electrode. Part of the MPCF is expoliated during co-intercalation of solvent-Li. The MPCF ends up nonuniformly covered by a relatively thick layer of exfoliated particles embedded in a matrix of product by solvent decomposition.
태아발육지연 임신에서 산소농도가 영양배엽세포의 telomerase 활성도에 미치는 영향
정영내(Young Nae Jung),김세광(Sei Kwang Kim),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),박규현(Kyu Hyun Park),김창한(Chang Han Kim),장영건(Young Kwon Chang),권자영(Ja Young Kwon),김성훈(Sung Hun Kim),노성일(Sung Il Roh),조동제(Dong Jae Cho) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.8
Objective : To observe the difference in telomerase activity (TA) expression in the placenta between fetal growth restriction (FGR) with preeclampsia and those without and to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration on the TA expression in the trophoblastic cells. Methods : Telomerase activity was measured in 48 (normal pregnancies, 16; preeclampsia with FGR, 15; normotensive FGR, 17) placentas which were obtained between 32 and 41 weeks' gestations. Trophoblastic cells were extracted from 8 chorionic villi samples obtained from 8-10 weeks' placenta and were cultured in either 2%, 8%, and 20% oxygen atmosphere. Then TA was examined by using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results : During 3rd trimester of pregnancy, exhibited TA expression in normal pregnancy, FGR complicated by preeclampsia, and normotensive FGR groups were 11 of 16 (68.8%), 4 of 15 (26.7%), and 4 of 17 (23.5%), respectively. Significantly lower level of TA was detected in the FGR group compared to the normal pregnancies (p=0.009), whereas within FGR pregnancies, presence of preeclampsia did not seem to have statistically significant effect on TA expression. TA expression levels were measured by optical density in trophoblasts cultured under various oxygen concentration which revealed that significantly higher TA was exhibited in the cells cultured in 2% oxygen compared to 8% and 20% (p<0.001). However no significant difference was noted in TA between cells cultured in 8% and 20% oxygen. Conclusion : Decreased TA in the placenta from pregnancies with FGR was noted regardless of presence of preeclampsia indicating a probable correlation between FGR and placental senescence. Since increased TA was noted in trophoblastic cells that were cultured in hypoxic condition, we could speculate that the intervillous oxygen tension during early-stage placental development plays a certain role in the placental degeneration in pregnancies complicated by FGR and preeclampsia.
ATM 망에서 인터넷 트래픽 성능 향상을 위한 GFR 통합 버퍼 관리 기법
정광일,김관웅,곽현민,김남희,정경택,채균식,전병실,Jeong Kwang-Il,Kim Kwan-Woong,kwak Hyun-min,Kim Nam-Hee,Chung Hyung-Taek,Chae Kyun-Shik,Chon Byoung-Sil 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.41 No.1
GFR 서비스는 UBR의 단순성을 유지하면서 최소 전송율 보장, 잉여 대역의 공평한 할당 및 효율적인 링크 대역의 사용을 보장해야 한다. ATM에서 TCP 트래픽에 대응해서 만들어진 이러한 GFR 서비스 클래스의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 ATM 스위치에서의 버퍼 관리가 필요하다. 제안된 버퍼 관리 알고리즘은 단일 FIFO에서 per-VC accounting 방식을 사용하며 GFR.1 및 GFR.2 모두를 수용할 수 있는 버퍼 관리 알고리즘이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 GFR.1 및 GFR.2를 차별적으로 다루기 위해서 CLP=0인 셀 수 및 CLP=1인 셀 수를 이용하여 버퍼 관리를 함으로써 GFR.1 VC들과 GFR.2 VC들에게 공평하게 잉여대역을 할당하여 사용함을 볼 수 있었으며, 전체 공평성 관점에서도 기존 알고리즘보다 우수한 성능을 보여주었다. As a new service category to better support TCP traffic in ATM networks, the Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR) service category aims to support minimum cell rate guarantee, fairly distribute available bandwidth while keeping the simplicity of Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR). In this paper, we proposed a buffer management scheme which uses the per-VC accounting of single FWO queue and capable of supporting both GFR.1 and GFR.2 conformance definition. The proposed buffer management deal with GFR.1 and GFR.2 conformance definitions differentially by controlling the number of CLP=0 cell and CLP=1 cell which are occupying buffer space. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme satisfies the requirements of GFR services as well as improves total fairness index and each conformance definition fairness index.
김우성,정광일,김신국,전성원,김연희,성용은,최용국,Kim, Woo-Seong,Chung, Kwang-Il,Kim, Shin-Kook,Jeon, Seung-Won,Kim, Yeon-Hee,Sung, Yung-Eun,Choi, Yong-Kook Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.6
Electrocatalytic effects for the reduction of thionyl chloride in $LiAICI_4/SOCl_2$ electrolyte solution containing Schiff base M(II) (M; Co and Fe) complexes are evaluated by determining kinetic parameters with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at a glassy carbon electrode. The charge transfer process during the reduction of thionyl chloride is affected by the concentration of the catalyst. The catalytic effects are demonstrated from both a shift of the reduction potential for the thionyl chloride toward a more positive direction and an increase in peak currents. Catalytic effects are larger in thionyl chloride solutions containing the binuclear [M(II) $_2$ (TSBP)] complex rather than mononuclear [M(II)(BSDT)] complexes. Significant improvements in the cell performance have been noted in terms of both thermodynamics and activation energy for the thionyl chloride reduction. The activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius plots is 4.5-5.9 kcal/mole at bare glassy carbon electrodes. The activation energy calculated for the catalyst containing solution is 3.3-4.9 kcalmole, depending on whether the temperature is lowered or rasied.
VS/VD 구조의 퍼지 기반 ABR 트래픽 제어에 관한 연구
박현,정광일,정명수,정경택,전병실,Park, Hyun,Jeong, Kwang-Il,Cheong, Myung-Soo,Chung, Kyung-Taek,Chon, Byoung-Sil 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.39 No.8
본 논문에서는 퍼지이론을 기반으로하여 ATM망에서 ABR 서비스를 하는데 있어서 효과적으로 링크를 이용하기 위한 트래픽 제어 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 스위치의 버퍼 사이즈에 따라서 소스 전송률을 제어하고 퍼지율을 이용하여 입력 셀 율을 제어하는 알고리즘이다. 우리는 위의 방법들로 퍼지트래픽 제어 알고리즘과 VS/VD의 ER값을 기본으로 한 퍼지 트래픽 제어기를 개발하였다. 또한 퍼지 제어규칙, max-min inferencing 방법으로 하나의 집합적인 기능을 설계하였다. In this paper, we propose an traffic control algorithm for efficient link utilization of ATM-ABR service based on fuzzy logic. The proposed algorithm, controls transmission rates of source according to switch buffer size and input cell tate by using the fuzzy rate . For this method we developed a model and algorithm of fuzzy traffic control method and fuzzy traffic controller which based on ER of VS/VD. For the fuzzy traffic controller, we also designed a membership function, fuzzy control rules, and a max-min inferencing method.