공중재급유를 위한 상대운동방정식 유도 및 검증

장지은,이상종,유혁,Jang, Jieun,Lee, Sangjong,Ryu, Hyuk 한국항공운항학회 2013 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This paper addresses the derivation of 6-DOF equation of Tanker and Receiver's aircraft for aerial refueling. The new set of nonlinear equations are derived in terms of the relative translational and rotational motion of receiver aircraft respect to the tanker aircraft body frame. Further the wind effect terms due to the tanker's turbulence are included. The derivation of absolute dynamic equation for tanker aircraft written in the inertial frame is calculated from the relative dynamics equations of receiver. The derived relative and absolute equations are implemented the simulation in the same flight conditions to verify the relative motion and compare the trim results by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK program.

고품질 한우 생산 유전자 연구에서 환경 요인을 보정한 통계적 모형 제안

장지은,이제영,오동엽,Jang, Ji-Eun,Lee, Jae-Young,Oh, Dong-Yep 한국데이터정보과학회 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Individual phenotype is mostly influenced by genetic factors as well as the effects of environmental factors. Therefore, adjustment of environmental factors are needed in order to see more clearly the effects of genetic factors that we are interested in gene screening study related to Hanwoo's economic trait. The purpose of this study is to propose new statistical model that was adjusted environmental factor and identify adjustment effect in a superior gene marker screening study for producing high quality Hanwoo. First, statistical model including both genetic factor and environmental factor establishes and adjusted value of economic trait find by removing effect of environmental factor such as age, breeding farm. Finally, we identify superior gene marker combination and compare accuracy by applying MDR to data of before and after adjustment. Economic trait is used C18:1, SFA, MUFA, MS, CWT, BFT and SNP marker is used 6 markers of LPL that were identified as more excellent SNP marker than the others among 49 markers through fatty acid composition and economic trait performance test. 개체의 표현형은 대부분 유전적인 요인의 영향과 환경적인 요인의 영향을 모두 받는다. 따라서 한우의 경제적인 특성과 연관이 있는 유전자 마커 선별 연구에서도 관심이 있는 유전적인 요인의 효과를 좀 더 정확히 보기 위해서는 환경적인 요인의 보정이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 고품질 한우 생산을 위한 우수 유전자 마커 선별 연구에서 환경적인 요인이 보정된 새로운 통계 모형을 제안하고 그 효과를 규명하는 데 있다. 먼저 환경적인 요인과 유전적인 요인을 모두 포함한 통계모형을 구축한 뒤, 환경적인 요인인 도축일령과 사육농가의 효과를 제거하여 보정된 경제형질의 값을 구한다. 그리고 다중인자차원축소 방법을 보정 전 후 데이터에 각각 적용하여 우수 유전자 마커 조합을 선별하고 정확도를 비교한다. 사용된 경제형질은 C18:1, SFA, MUFA, MS, CWT, BFT이며 사용된 유전자 마커는 49개 LPL 유전자 마커 중 지방산 조성 및 경제 형질 능력 검정을 통해 나머지에 비해 더 뛰어난 유전자 마커로 선별된 6개 (g.6960 A>T, g.6974 G>A, g.21604 G>A, g.22488 G>T, g.22649 G>A, g.25670 C>T)이다.

배치 실험을 이용한 암모니아 제거 기작 및 효율 평가

장지은,강지영,김혜원,신규진,진성욱,Jang, Jieun,Kang, Jiyoung,Kim, Hye Won,Shin, Kyu Jin,Jeen, Sung-Wook 한국지하수토양환경학회 2022 지하수토양환경 Vol.27 No.6

As the amount of livestock wastewater increases, ammonia contamination in surface water and groundwater is also increasing, and its treatment is urgently needed. In this study, indigenous soil bacteria was utilized for ammonia removal in artificial wastewater and associated removal mechanisms and efficiencies were evaluated. Two batch reactors were configurated to contain natural soil and artificial wastewater at 1:10 mass ratio, and incubated for 84 and 168 hours, respectively. The results showed that ammonia was completely removed within 48 and 72 hours in the first and second reactors, respectively. There were no significant changes in ammonia concentrations in the control groups without soil. Nitrate was formed in the reactors, indicating that the main removal mechanism of ammonia was nitrification by nitrifying bacteria. Nitrate was further converted to nitrogen gas by denitrification in the anaerobic environment, which was caused by consumption of oxygen during the nitrification process.

개인의 사회경제적 수준과 지역의 사회경제적 수준의 상호작용이 제2형 당뇨 환자에서 당뇨합병증 발생 및 당뇨와 관련된 입원에 미치는 영향: 2002-2013년 국민건강보험공단 표본 코호트 자료를 활용하여

장지은 ( Jieun Jang ),주영준 ( Yeong Jun Ju ),이두웅 ( Doo Woong Lee ),이상아 ( Sang Ah Lee ),오소연 ( Sarah Soyeon Oh ),최동우 ( Dong-woo Choi ),이현지 ( Hyeon Ji Lee ),신재용 ( Jaeyong Shin ) 한국보건행정학회 2021 보건행정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: ‘high in advantaged,’ ‘high in disadvantaged,’ ‘middle in advantaged,’ ‘middle in disadvantaged,’ ‘low in advantaged,’ and ‘low in disadvantaged.’ We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the ‘low in disadvantaged’ group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the ‘high in advantaged’ group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the ‘low in advantaged’ and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.

신체상 평정척도의 범주 적합도

장지은(Ji Eun Jang),김정수(Jeong Soo Kim),최윤선(Youn Sun Choi),유지영(Ji Young You) 한국체육측정평가학회 2009 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.11 No.3

이 연구는 무용전공 대학생들을 대상으로 Thompson & Gray(1995)가 개발한 신체상평정척도(Contour Drawing Rating Scale: CDRS)를 기초로 Shroff(2004)가 확장한 17단계 평정척도의 단계별 반응분포와 척도범주의 동간성을 Rasch평정척도 모형을 적용하여 확인하고 17단계 체형범주가 무용전공 대학생의 신체상 평가에 적합한지의 여부를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 참여자는 서울, 경기지역에 소재하고 있는 12개 대학에 재학 중인 무용전공 여자대학생 785명이 선정되었다. 평균능력추정치에 의하면 반응범주가 증가할수록 응답자의 능력측정치도 서열적으로 증가함으로써 응답자들은 17단계 체형그림의 크기를 변별하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 인접 반응범주의 선택빈도를 비교할 때 응답자들은 짝수단계보다는 홀수단계를 상대적으로 많이 선택하고 있어 17단계 범주는 선택적으로 반응하고 있음이 나타났다. 응답자와 척도 국면별 Logit 점수분포를 고려할 때 이 연구에서 사용된 17단계 신체상평정척도는 응답자의 신체상을 평정하는 척도로서 비교적 타당하다고 판단할 수 있으나 체형범주별 Logit 점수들 간의 동간성 수준은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Thompson & Gray(1995) developed a rating scale to classify dancers` bodies into 9 categories, which is called as Contour drawing rating scale (CDRS). Shroff (2004) extended the body rating scale to 17 categories based on Thompson & Gray`s CDRS. In the paper, Shroff`s rating scale was used by applying Rasch`s statistical model to assess the validity of the scale in terms of the interval of each degree. 785 female students majoring in dancing from 12 Universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do enrolled in the body measurement. As the number of reaction categories increases, the number of categories chosen by the student`s ability measures increases linearly by the result of the average ability measures. Shroff`s CDRS seems to be proper in defining body figures` sizes from the results of the study. However, the students tend to choose the odd numbered categories more than the even numbered categories, when comparing the frequency of the neighbor reaction categories. Shroff`s CDRS seems to be reasonable as a method to define the body images by the result of Logit number distributions of each category, as the intervals of the categories` Logit numbers were different in widths.

한국 멸종위기 담수어종 열목어(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis) 개체군의 이주에 따른 새로운 서식처 환경 반응 생태적 분화

장지은 ( Ji Eun Jang ),이혁제 ( Hyuk Je Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

During recent years, indigenous freshwater fishes have profoundly decreased in population size, and a number of species are now under threat of extinction globally. To mitigate this breakdown of endemic fish populations, the use of translocation of animals to natural habitats to which they are not native as a conservation tool is a central issue under debate in conservation biologists, but may be the ‘unavoidable’ only choice where management augmentation of the target population is not possible naturally in practice. The Manchurian trout or lenok, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (family Salmonidae), is a cold freshwater fish endemic to Northeast Asia. South Korea lenok populations that comprise the southern range edge of this species have recently decreased strikingly in size primarily due to anthropogenic pressure such as habitat destruction, agricultural run-off, water pollution and possibly climate change, and are now becoming critically endangered. To recover the number of individuals of B. lenok tsinlingensis, stocking or translocation programs have routinely been conducted by local governments since 1980s in South Korea. A local government research institute, for instance, introduced lenok individuals to the valleys at Mt. Chiaksan National Park in 1999, where they have never occurred naturally, but their source population was not recorded so remains unknown. Moreover, several local sites have been repopulated using stocking via the release of hatchery-reared or -bred fish or translocation from non-native habitats. However, whether and how these translocated populations have successfully been established in novel environmental conditions and have ecologically and/or genetically diverged from native populations remain untested. Our previous study found that South Korea lenok populations including natural and translocated populations were unarguably genetically divergent each other and also that the source population for the introduced Mt. Chiaksan National Park population might originate from Hongcheon. In the present study, we examine whether ecological divergence among two natural (Bangtae, Hongcheon) and three restored populations (translocated: Pyeongchang, Bonghwa; introduced: Mt. Chiaksan National Park) has resulted in during the past 20-35 years by comparing aspects of body shape using geometric morphometric analysis. By focusing on the source population of Hongcheon and the introduced population of Mt. Chiaksan National Park, we further investigate phenotypic characteristics of those populations, such as body shape, trophic niche, body length-weight relationship, condition factor and age frequency distribution to test whether recently introduced (recipient) lenok population has ecologically diverged in response to changing habitat environments from the native (source) population. We found that five South Korea lenok populations analyzed are morphologically significantly differentiated one another based on our geometric morphometric analysis (canonical variate analysis; CVA, P < 0.0001). However, there was no correlation detected between morphological similarity and different river basins (Cluster 1: Hongcheon and Mt. Chiaksan National Park; Cluster 2: Bangtae and Pyeonchang; Cluster 3: Bonghwa). Our CVA results showed some degrees of an overlap among individuals from different populations. CVA 1, which explains 47.3 % of the total morphological variance, clearly separated Cluster 1 and the residual groups (Clusters 2 and 3) by a change in the position of body shape related to shapes of mouth and caudal fin. On the other hand, CVA 2, which explains 27.7 % of the total variance, separated by body depth. Interestingly, for cross validation analysis among populations, Cluster 3 had generally more chubby body shape relative to Clusters 1 and 2. We also found there is divergence in trophic niche between the source (Hongcheon) and recipient (Mt. Chiaksan National Park) populations based on different levels of carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures. The isotopic ranges of Hongcheon population (δ13C = -19.67 ‰, δ15N = 5.63 ‰) were significantly higher than Mt. Chiaksan National Park (δ13C = -21.67 ‰, δ15N = 4.25 ‰), suggesting that food sources differ substantially in these populations, and also that the trophic level of the introduced population might have shifted in novel feeding environments. Collectively, these findings imply that different environmental conditions facilitate a change in body shape and trophic niche during only few decades. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in neither body length-weight relationship nor condition factor between the source and recipient populations for multiple samples collected before and after breeding season. In both populations, age frequencies of the sampled individuals according to their body sizes was distributed mainly from one to three years old. We show that natural (source) and introduced (recipient) populations display ecological divergence with respect to body shape and trophic level, which is perhaps due to changing environmental conditions (e.g., water velocity, food source) between the two habitats. In the future, management of conservation for this lenok species through human- mediated translocation should consider not only the genetic characteristics, but also ecological features, which should help inform on the effective conservation and restoration plans for this highly cherished species in South Korea.

일본의 ‘고령화 사회’ 시기에서 고령자 정책과 보람에 관한 일고찰

장지은(Jang, Ji-Eun) 한국비교교육학회 2013 比較敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 한국의 고령화 사회에의 대응에 시사점을 얻기 위하여 일본의 고령화 사회 단계(1970년에서 1994년)에서 전개된 고령자 지원 정책을 학습 및 사회참여의 영역에서 검토하였다. 분석의 초점은 고령화 사회의 진행에 따라 고령자의 삶의 보람에 관한 인식이 심화되며 고령자 지원책이 발전되어 온 점을 확인하는 것이었다. 본 연구의 결과, 일본의 고령화 사회 단계에서 전개된 고령자 정책에서는, 다음과 같은 특징이 있었다. 첫째, 일본의 고령화 사회 단계에서 고령자 정책의 기반은 고령자의 삶의 보람이었다. 둘째, 고령자의 삶의 보람의 내용은 오락과 즐거움에 기반을 둔 복지적인 관점으로부터 사회공헌 및 사회적 유용성을 만들어 내는 사회참여의 방향으로 이동하여 왔다. 셋째, 고령자의 삶의 보람에 관한 인식의 발전에 따라 노인클럽, 고령자 교실, 실버인재센터와 같은 정책기반사업이 다양하게 발전하여 왔다. In order to have the implications for South Korea’s aging society, this paper reviews the Japan's elderly support policies from 1970 to 1994 in terms of learning and social participation. Therefore, the focus of the analysis is to identify the process of development of the Japan’s elderly support policies, which deepen an awareness of life worth living for the elderly. The results of this study have the following characteristics. Firstly, the policies for the elderly in the Japan’s aging society, were based on life worth living. Secondly, the contents of life worth living for the elderly have changed in the direction of social participation for the elderly from the perspective based on creating the entertainment and enjoyment for the elderly. Thirdly, according to the changed awareness of life worth living for the elderly, the policy-based enterprise such as seniors clubs, learning classes for the elderly, and Silver Human Resources Center throughout the nation, has evolved. Finally, researchers found out that some important facts, which are deduced from the implemented policies in the period, are supporting the dominant social environment for the elderly people at that time.

대학-지역연계에 의한 지역평생교육의 확장 -일본의 대학 COC 사업을 중심으로-

장지은(Jang, Ji Eun) 한국평생교육학회 2019 평생교육학연구 Vol.25 No.1

본 논문은 최근 사회인 입학을 위하여 우리나라의 대학평생교육의 구조가 변화하는 가운데, 대학이 지역과 연계하여 지역과제에 대응하며 기존의 지역평생교육과는 차별화된 다양한 대학 평생교육을 창출하는 일본의 대학COC정책을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 연구자는 일본의 대학 COC포털에 게시된 82개의 대학COC사업방향을 분석하고 나아가 사례고찰을 통하여 대학COC사 업이 만들어내는 교육의 특징을 도출하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 일본의 대학COC사업은 공개강 좌뿐 만 아니라 공개수업을 통하여 질 높은 고등교육의 양적 확산을 도모하였고 나아가 연구의 성과를 활용하여 특별한 지역과제해결에 참여하며 지역산업발전이나 고용에 기여하는 전문적 실무적 교육기회를 제공하고 있다. 그리고 대학 내 뿐만 아니라 지역분산시스템을 만들어 내어 고등교육의 전문적 지식을 확산시키고 있다. 이러한 특징은 지역사회와 대학이 양자모두 지역에서 지속가능한 존속을 위하여 매력있고 안정된 지역사회의 기반을 필요로 하고 있어 사회형성자로서 함께 파트너십을 구축하는 과정에서 평생학습기회가 만들어진다는 점을 시사한다. As South Korean universities are changing their lifelong education systems to better meet the needs of working adults, this paper explores the Center of Community (COC) policies of universities in Japan, which provide various lifelong learning courses at universities unlike the traditional ones provided by local community organizations. In this study, the researcher analyzed COC projects of 82 Japanese universities posted on their COC portals and then identified the characteristics of university COC projects in Japan. The analysis shows that Japanese universities provide not only lectures open to the public but also publicly available courses to increase access to quality higher education. In addition, research results from COC projects contribute to resolving the challenges of local communities. These universities also offer practical professional learning opportunities to develop local industries and increase employment. Furthermore, universities have established local dispersion systems to spread their knowledge to local communities. These results suggest that both local communities and universities need attractive and stable local bases in order to ensure local sustainability and that lifelong learning opportunities are created when they form partnerships to better society.

하이드록시아파타이트/락타이드 글리콜라이드 공중합체 지지체조성에 따른 염증 완화 효과

장지은(Ji Eun Jang),김혜민(Hye Min Kim),김형석(Hyeong Seok Kim),전대연(Dae Yeon Jeon),박찬흠(Chan Hum Park),권순용(Soon Yong Kwon),정진화(Jin Wha Chung),강길선(Gil Son Khang) 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.2

하이드록시아파타이트는 골 전도가 우수하고 생체 적합성이 우수하며 염증 반응을 일으키지 않아 임상에서 골이식재로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하이드록시아파타이트를 함유한 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 지지체를 제조하였으며 생체 내/외의 실험을 통하여 골 이식재로서의 응용가능성을 평가하였다. 하이드록시아파타이트/PLGA 지지체는 0, 10, 20, 40 및 60 wt%의 함량으로 제조하였다. 기계적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 압축강도, SEM,FTIR을 측정하였으며 MTT, RT-PCR, FACS, 조직학적 염색(H&E, ED-1)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 하이드록시아파타이트를 함유한 PLGA 지지체에서 염증 반응이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 골 이식재로서의 가능성을 보여주었다. Hydroxyapatite has osteoconductivity, biocompatibility and noninflammatory, and it has been used clinically as artificial bone. In this study, we prepared hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds using 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 wt% of hydroxyapatite. We analyzed compressive strength, SEM analysis and FTIR for mechanical prop-ertyof 3D hydroxyapatite/PLGA scaffolds. For biocompatibility tests, cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay and SEM. We analyzed RT-PCR, FACS, histology (H&E, ED-1) for anti-inflammatory effect. This study showed that hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds have low inflammatory reaction compared with the PLGA. This result hasa potential for the application of artificial bone graft material.

PLGA/피브린 지지체가 늑연골 세포의 부착과 성장에 미치는 영향

장지은(Ji Eun Jang),이동원(Dong Won Lee),강길선(Gil Son Khang),송정은(Jeong Eun Song),이유정(Yu Jung Lee),이윤미(Yun Me Lee),조선아(Sun Ah Cho) 한국고분자학회 2013 폴리머 Vol.37 No.2

Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)는 좋은 기계적 성질과 생분해성으로 약물전달시스템 또는 조직공학적으로 널리 이용되고 있으나 낮은 세포 부착률을 가지고 있어 피브린을 첨가하여 이를 보완하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 지지체는 트롬빈과 피브리노겐, 그리고 세포을 혼합시킨 후 PLGA 지지체 위에 도포시켜 제조하였다. 세포의 부착 및 증식률을 측정하고자 PLGA/피브린 지지체에 늑연골 세포를 파종 후 1, 3일 및 7일 후 SEM과 MTT 분석을 통하여 측정하였으며, 세포외기질 형성에 미치는 피브린의 영향을 확인하고자 세포를 파종 후 누드마우스에 이식하여 GAG 및 콜라겐 합성의 효과를 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 피브린이 혼합된 PLGA 지지체가 생체내·외 환경에서 세포의 부착 및 증식에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, PLGA/피브린 지지체가 기존의 PLGA 지지체와 비교하여 탁월한 세포 성장률을 나타내는 것으로 확인하였다. Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used in the drug delivery and tissue engineering applications because of its good mechanical strength and biodegradation profile. However, cell attachment to the scaffold is low compared with that on fibrin although cells can be attached to the polymer surface. In this study, PLGA scaffolds were soaked in cells-fibrin suspension and polymerized with dropping fibrinogen-thrombin solution. Cellular proliferation activity was observed in PLGA/fibrin-seeded costal cartilage cells (CC) on 1, 3, and 7 days using the MTT assay and SEM. The effects of fibrin on the extracellular matrix (ECM) formation were evaluated using CC cell-seeded PLGA/fibrin scaffolds. The PLGA/fibrin scaffolds elicited more production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen than the PLGA scaffold. In this study, fibrin incorporated PLGA scaffolds were prepared to evaluate the effects of fibrin on the cell attachment and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this result, we confirmed that proliferation of cells in PLGA/fibrin scaffolds were better than in PLGA scaffolds. The PLGA/fibrin scaffolds provide suitable environment for growth and proliferation of costal cartilage cells.