Fusarium solani 포자에 의한 인삼 phytoalexin 의 생합성 및 유도에 관한 연구

이종화,박화진,채쾌 ( Chong Hwa Lee,Hwa Jin Park,Quae Chae ) 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.23 No.1

In order to find out the elicitation of the phytoalexin in ginseng root tissues, the spore of Fusarium solani was used as an elicitor. The macroscopic symptoms on the sliced root tissues and the measurement of the elicitor activity suggested us that the spore of Fusarium solani elicited the phytoalexin, which was not identified yet, from the ginseng root. The UV spectral data of water and methanol extracts after treatment with the fungal spore were compared with the ones reported in other plants, and it seemed that the phytoalexin formed in ginseng root might be the phenolic compounds. It was observed that phytoalexin started to accumulate from 15 h after infection of elicitors.

Multiple Binding Affinities for Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat Brain

이종화,Lee, Jong-Hwa,El-Fakahany, Esam E. The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1987 대한약리학잡지 Vol.23 No.2

중추신경계 특히 뇌내(腦內)의 무수카린성 콜린 수용체 (mAchR)에 대한 수용체 특성의 연구의 하나로, 물리 화학적 성상에 다른 두 종류의 콜린길항제를 사용하여 서로 다른 두 형태의 조직에서 약물의 작용양상 및 다른 약물과의 상호작용을 정초하였다. 실험동물로는 흰쥐를 일정기간 규정사료를 사육하였고, 사용한 Radioactive ligands는 $(^3H)$ QNB와 $(^3H)$ NMS였으며 그외에 다른 수종의 길항제 또는 효능제와의 치환작용을 brain homogenates와 intact brain cell aggregates에서 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. $(^3H)$ QNB와 $(^3H)$ NMS는 모두 질량작용의 법칙에 비례하여 수용체와의 결합에서 높은 친화력과 포화를 보였으며 또한 높은 결합 능력을 나타내었다. 더욱이 homogenates 제제와 intact cell aggregates제제에서의 결과 사이에는 유사한 점이 많았다. 2. Homogenates제제를 사용한 실험에서, 제 3 급아민콜린길항제인 QNB, atropine과 scopolamine 또는 제 4 급 암모늄골린 길항제인 methylatropine과 methylscopolamine을 사용하여 위의 radioactive ligands와의 치환작용을 검토하였다. $(^3H)$ NMS 실험군에서는 제 3 급아민 및 제 4 급 암모늄길항제 모두가 구조의 구별없이 질량작용의 법칙에 따라 치환되었으나 $(^3H)$ QNB 실험군에서는 제 4급 암모늄콜린 길항제들을 단일성(unity)이 아닌 높고 낮은 두 종류의 친화도를 가진 결합부위의 양상을 나타내었다. 또 비특이성 콜린길항제인 pirenzepine을 사용한 실험군에서는 두 ligands을 모두 치환시켰고 서로 다른 결합부위가 있음을 보였다. 3. Intact cell aggregates 제제를 사용한 실험에서, $(^3H)$ NMS와 $(^3H)$ QNB 모두 homogenates 제제에서와 같은 양상의 반응을 보였다. 또 $(^3H)$ NMS를 radioligand로 하여 수종의 콜린길항제와 수종의 콜린 효능제를 사용하여 약물 상호작용으로 수용체의 성질을 검토하였다. 그 결과 콜린 길항제들은 질량작용의 법칙에 따라 치환되었으나 콜린 효능제 투여군에서는 높고 낮은 두 종류의 다른 친화력의 결항부위를 나타내었다. 4. 위의 실험의 결과로,(a) 친유성콜린 길항제인 $(^3H)$ QNB는 친수성 콜린길항제인 $(^3H)$ NMS보다 훨씬 높은 결합능력을 보였으며 이것으로 수용체 특히 mAchR의 존재 장소 또는 mAchR의 형상의 일부는 세포막 표면 뿐 아니라 세포막내의 어떤 부위와도 관계가 되는 것으로 간주되는데 이것이 $(^3H)$ QNB가 $(^3H)$ NMS보다 높은 최대 결합능력 $(B_{max})$을 나타낼 이유이다. (b) 두 종류의 다른 제제에서 우리는 같은 양상의 결과를 관찰하었기에 결점이 많은 homogenates 제제보다는 intact cell aggregates 제제를 수용체 연구에 대한 새로운 실험모형(experiment model)으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. We investigated the binding properties of $(^3H)$ QNB and $(^3H)$ NMS to mAchR to elucidate the characterstics of mAchR in rat brain by using two different preparations (homogemates & intact brain cell aggregates). The binding properties of both ligands demonstrated high affinity and saturability in both experiments, however $(^3H)$ QNB showed a significantly higher maximal binding capacity than tha ot $(^3H)$ NMS 1. In rat brain homogenates; Displacement of both lignands with several mAchR antagonists resulted in competition curves in accoradnce with the law of massaction for QNB, atropine & scopolamine in thie preparation, also a similar profile was found for the quaternary ammonium analogs of atropine & scopolamine (methyl atropine & methylscopolamine) when $(^3H)$ NMS was used to label the receptors in rat brain. But when these hydrophillic antagonists were used to displace $(^3H)$ QNB, they showed interaction with high- and low-affinity binding sites in brain homogenates. Pirenzepine, the nonclassical mAchR antagonist, was able to displace both ligands from binding sites in this preparation. 2. In intact rat brain cell aggregates; Intact bain cell aggregates were used to elucidate the binding characteristics of $(^3H)$ NMS to mAchR in rat. The magnitude of binding of this ligand was related linearly to the amount of cell protein in the binding assay with a high ratio of total to nonspecific binding. mAchR antagonists displaced specific $(^3H)$ NMS binding according to the law of mass-action, while it was possible to resolve displacement curves using mAchR agonist into high-& low-affinity component. 3. Our results indicate that more hydrophilic receptor ligand $(^3H)$ QNB, displacement experiments in both tissues demonstrated that the lipid solubility of a particulr mAchR ligand might play an important role in determining its profile of binding to the mAchR, and the concentrations of mAchR in rat brain are both on the cell surface (membrane-bound receptor) and in the intracelluar membrane (intermembrane-bound receptor). 4. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of dissociated intact rat brain cells in studying mAchR in central nervous system.

Effects of Cyclobuxine D on the Derangement Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Isolated Rat Heart

이종화,문창규,권준택,조병헌,김유재,김종배,김창호,차영덕,김영석,Lee, Jong-Hwoa,Moon, Chang-Kyu,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Cho, Byung-Heon,Kim, Yu-Jae,Kim, Jong-Bae,Kim, Chang-Ho,Cha, Young-Deog,Kim, Young-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Cyclobuxine D is a steroidal alkaloid, which was extracted from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai. In our previous studies, we clarified several pharmacological actions of cyclobuxine D: an antiinflammatory action, hypotensive and bradycardiac effects, negative inotropic effects on the several smooth muscles and cardiac muscle. The present study was undertaken to elucidate possible mechanisms by protection of myocardial tells from ischemia and reperfusion induced derangement in cardiac function and metabolism by cyclobuxine D. For this purpose, the isolated rat heart was used. Rat hearts were perfused for 60 min under ischemia conditions in the presence and absence of cyclobuxine D and verapamil, and for 30 min under reperfusion conditions. Ischemia produced a marked decline in contractile force, an increase of resting tension, an immediate release of ATP metabolites and an accumulation of calcium in the left ventricle. Cyclobuxine D (100ng/ml) ameliorated the myocardial injury produced by ischemia. 흰쥐로 부터 심장을 적출하여 Langendorff 관류장치에 현수하여 Krebs-Hensleit 영양액으로 분당 12ml속도로 30분간 관류시킨 후 관류 속도를 분당 1ml로 줄여(ischemia)60분간 관류시키면, 적출심장의 수축력이 현저히 감소되었고, resting tension이 현저히 증가되었다. 또 적출심장으로부터 유출되는 관류액의 250nm에서의 UV흡광치는 증가되었으며, 좌심실내의 칼슘의 농도는 대조군보다 상당히 증가되었다. 본 실험에서는 흰쥐에서 항염증작용, 혈압강하 및 서맥 작용, 평활근 및 심장근에서 근이완작용을 나타내는 cyclobuxine D의 ischemia에 의해 유도된 심장손상에 대한 보호효과를 관찰하였다. Cyclobuxine D(100ng/ml)는 ischemia에 의해 유발된 적출심장의 수축력 감소와 resting tension의 증가를 유의하게 억제하였으며, 심장으로부터의 ATP metabolites의 유출과 좌심실내의 칼슘 축적을 억제시켰다. 이상의 결과는 Cyclobuxine D가 ischemia에 의해 유발된 손상으로 부터 심장을 보호할 수 있음을 나타내며, 이는 cyclobuxine D의 심장세포내의 칼슘 유입 억제작용에 기인하는 것으로 사려된다.

Effects of Cyclobuxine D on the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Heart Rate in Anesthetized Rats and Isolated Frog Heart

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김유재,김종배,김천숙,차영덕,김영석,Lee, Jong-Hwoa,Park, Young-Hyun,Cho, Byung-Heon,Kim, Yu-Jae,Kim, Jong-Bae,Kim, Chun-Sook,Cha, Young-Dong,Kim, Young-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1986 대한약리학잡지 Vol.22 No.2

본 실험실에서는 민간요법으로 말라리아와 성병등의 치료제로 사용되어온 회양목(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai)에서 steroid성 alkaloid인 cyclobuxine D와 nonalkaloid인 buxuletin을 분리하였다. Buxuletin의 가토에 있어서 이뇨작용에 대해서는 본 실험실에서 보고한바 있으며 cyclobuxine D의 약리작용에 대한 보고는 지금까지 전무한 상태이다. 본 실험에서는 새로운 항부정맥 약물의 밭견의 일환으로 cyclobuxine D의 적출 개구리 심장에 대한 작용과 마취시킨 흰쥐의 ECG와 심박동수에 대한 작용을 관찰하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 적출 개구리 심장에 대해 용량의존적 심근 수축력 감소를 나타냈으며 흰쥐에 있어서 현저한 심박동수 감소를 나타냈다. Cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐의 ECG에 있어서 PR interval과 P ${\alpha}T$ interval을 연장시키며, QRS complex와 PR interval의 심박동수에 대한 보상치인 PRc에 대해서는 고용량에서는 연장시키나 그 작용이 현저하지 않다. 이 결과로 보아 cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐의 ECG에서 A-V conduction과 ventricular depolarization에 주로 관여하는 것으로 사료 되며 이는 기존의 antiarrhythmic drugs과 비교해 볼 때 quinidine sulfate와 유사성이 있다고 추정된다. This study was undertaken to search for a new antiarrhythmic agent in natural plants. Extracts of Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai have been used as folk remedies of several diseases, including malaria and venereal disease, but any study on the pharmacological actions of this plant has not yet been carried out and its active ingredients have not been identified. In our laboratory, we isolated buxuletin (nonalkaloid) and cyclobuxine D (steroidal alkaloid) from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai and reported their pharmacological actions: diuretic effects of buxuletin in rabbits and hypotensive effect of cyclobuxine D in rats. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cyclobuxine D on isolated frog heart and heart rate in urethane anesthetized rats. In order to clarify the mechanism of bradycardic effect of cyclobuxine D, we examined the changes of the ECG parameters (PR, QRS and R ${\alpha}$ T interval) produced by intravenous injection of cyclobuxine D in anesthetized rats. Cyclobuxine D depressed the contractile force in isolated frog heart and exerted a dose-dependent bradycardic effect in anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of cyclobuxine D caused a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate, but those effects were not significant. Cyclobuxine D prolonged the PR interval and RaT interval (${\alpha}$ Tindicates the apex of T), but was without significant effects on the duration of the QRS complex and PRc in urethane anesthetized rats.

DCT 변환계수의 인덱스의존 (줄길이, 레벨) 부호화

이종화,강동욱,강수원,장준호,이충웅,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Kang, Dong-Wook,Kang, Su-Won,Chang, Joon-Ho,Lee, Choong-Woong 대한전자공학회 1994 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b31 No.11

본 논문에서는 확률분포함수의 구조적인 차이를 이용하여, DCT계수를 효율적으로 부호화하는 새로운 접근에 대하여 논의하였다. 신호원 모델에 따라 신호를 분리함으로써 신호의 엔트로피를 감소시킬 수 있음을 해석적으로 증명하였으며, (줄길이, 레벨) 심볼들을 그 심복의 인덱스에 따라 적응적으로 부호화함으로써 평균부호길이가 감소함을 실험을 통하여 보였다. In this paper, we have addressed a new approach to encode the DCT coefficients efficiently by exploiting the structural differences among the probability distribution functions of them. We have proved analytically that if signals are separated according to their source models, the entropy of the separated signals decreases below that of the unseparated signals. And simulation results show that the average codelength decrease when each (runlength, level) symbol is encoded adaptively according to the index associated with the symbol.

토복령알코홀추출물이 토끼 적출 십이지장관운동에 미치는 영향

이종화,김정일,송민자,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Kim, Chung-Il,Song, Min-Ja 대한약리학회 1973 대한약리학잡지 Vol.9 No.2

Chinae Rhizoma is dried crude roots and rhizomes obtained from Smilax china Linne which belongs to Smilax Genus of Liliaceae Familia, and it has been in wife use as a folk remedy for a long time. But very little systemic studies on its pharmacological actions have been made until now. Furthermore, the effective components except saponin of Chinae Rhizoma have been not known yet. It came to the attention of the authors that Chinae Rhizoma are used as antidiarrhetics in Chinese herb medicine, therefore they attempted to observe the effects of Chinae Rhizoma Alcoholic Extracts (Chinae Rhizoma Ethanol Extract=CREE, Chinae Rhizoma Methanol Extract=CRME) from Smilax china Linne on motility of the isolated rabbit duodenum in this experiment. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The movement of the isolated rabbit duodenum was slowed down and its tonus was relaxed in proportion to the concentration of Chinae Rhizoma Alcoholic Extracts (CREE & CRME). 2. With a concentration of CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$, the contractile effects of acetylcholine $10^{-6}g/ml$, pilocarpine $10^{-5}g/ml$ and physostigmine $10^{-5}g/ml$ were remarkably blocked in the movement of isolated rabbit duodenum. 3. The concentration of the isolated rabbit duodenum induced by barium chloride $10^{-4}g/ml$ was significantly inhibited by CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$. 4. With the administrations of histamine $10^{-5}g/ml$, serotonin $10^{-6}g/ml$ and prostaglandin $A_2\;10^{-6}g/ml$ respectively, contractions were observed in the rabbit duodenum. But, treatment of CREE $10^{-4}g/ml$ inhibited markedly the tonus and motility of the duodenum pretreated with the above drugs. 5. The effects of CREE and CRME were very much alike in this experiment. From the above results, it is concluded that the mechanism of action of Chinae Rhizoma on motility of isolated rabbit duodenum was partially due to cholinergic blocking effect.

표준·시험인증 기술 동향 - ETSI NFV Release-3 표준화 동향

이종화,Lee, Jong-Hwa 한국정보통신기술협회 2016 TTA저널 Vol.168 No.-

함께하는 과학기술, 다가오는 선진한국

이종화,Lee, Jong-Hwa 한국과학기술단체총연합회 2005 과학과 기술 Vol.38 No.5

Effects of Cyclobuxine D on Carrageenin-induced Pleurisy and Croton Oil-induced Granuloma Pouch in Rats

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김유재,김종배,김정목,김천숙,차영덕,김영석,Lee, Jong-Hwoa,Park, Young-Hyun,Cho, Byung-Heon,Kim, Yu-Jae,Kim, Jong-Bae,Kim, Chung-Mok,Kim, Chun-Sook,Cha, Young-Deog,Kim, Young-Suk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1987 대한약리학잡지 Vol.23 No.2

Steroidal alkaloid인 cyclobuxine D의 carrageenin으로 유발한 늑막염과 croton oil로 유발한 육아종양에 대한 영향을 관찰하고 그 작용을 aspirin, dexamethasone과 hydrocortisone의 작용과 비교하였다. Carrageenin으로 유발한 늑막염에서 혈장 삼출정도는 pontamine sky blue을 정맥으로 투여하여 20분 동안 늑막염 삼출물로 삼출되어 나오는 양으로 측정하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 용량적으로 삼출물의 양과 20분 동안 삼출되는 pontamine sky blue의 양을 감소시켰다. Cyclooxygenase 억제제인 aspirin과 phospholipase $A_2$를 억제하여 결과적으로 cyclooxygenase와 lipoxygenase의 생성물을 차단하는 dexamethasone은 현저하게 carrageenin으로 나타나는 염증현상을 억제하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 croton oil로 유발한 육아종양에서 종양 부위에 직접 투여하거나 근육내로 투여해도 pouch내 염증물 양과 pouch wall의 무게를 현저하게 억제하였다. Dexamethasone과 hydrocortisone은 육아종양의 형성을 현저히 억제하였으며 , dexamethasone은 근육내로 투여 하였을 때 육아종양 형성을 완전히 억제하였다. 이상의 결과에서 나타난 cyclobuxine D의 항염증 작용은 prostaglandins의 생성억제 또는 polymorphonuclear cell (PMN)의 유주 억제와 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 사려된다. Cyclobuxine D, a steroidal alkaloid, was extracted from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai. The effects of cyclobuxine D on carrageenin-induced pleurisy and croton oil-induced granuloma pouch in rats was investigated and compared with those of aspirin, hydrocortisone ana dexamethasone. Intrapleural injection of 2% carrageenin caused the accumulation of exudate. The rate of plasma exudation, measured by the exuded dye amounts for 20 min in the pleural cavity after intravenous injection of pontamine sky blue, showed a peak at 5 hr. Cyclobuxine D (5, 20 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed dose-dependently the accumulation of the pleural exudate and the exudation of dye. Among several methods used for screening and evaluation anti-inflammatory agents, granuloma pouch technic introduced by Hans Selye (Hans seyle, 1953) is considered as a simple and reliable method. An air pocket was produced in the subcutaneous tissue of the interscapular region by injection of 1 ml of 1% croton oil as irritant. Inflammatory exudate accumulated in the pouch during the succeding 14 days. Cyclobuxine D (5 and 20 mg/kg) decreased fluid volume in pouch and weight of pouch wall in granulomatous inflammation.

HG-AAS법에 의한 요중 비소의 최적 분석법에 관한 연구

이종화,이의선,홍성철,장봉기,Lee, Jong-Wha,Lee, Ui-Seon,Hong, Sung-Chul,Jang, Bong-Ki 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.5

This study was carried out to examine the optimal analytical method for determination of urinary toxic arsenic (inorganic arsenic and its metabolites) by HG-AAS (hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry). In the analysis of SRMs (standard reference materials), method E (addition of 0.4% L-cysteine to pre-reductant and use 0.04M HCl as carrier acid) showed the most accurate results compared with the reference values. In the analysis of 30 urinary samples, analytical results were significantly different depend on the component of pre-reductant and the concentration of carrier acid. When the concentration of carrier acid was higher, the analytical result was lower. The recovery rates of MMA (monomethylarsonic acid) and DMA (dimethylarsenic acid) were varied by the concentration of pre-treatment acid and carrier acid and hydride generation reagents. When the concentration of carrier acid was 1.62 M (5% HCl), the recovery rates of DMA was 1%. The recovery rates of MMA and DMA in method E (=V) were 102% and 100%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the component and concentration of pre-reductant and carrier acid must be carefully adjusted in the analysis of urinary arsenic, and method E is recommendable as the most precise analytical method for determination of urinary toxic arsenic.