자동차 가상생산 기술 적용(VII) : 프레스 디지털 가상공장의 구축과 활용

국승호,이상석,소순일,노상도,김희선,심경보,김주열,Kuk, Seung-Ho,Lee, Sang-Seok,So, Soon-Il,Noh, Sang-Do,Kim, H.S.,Shim, K.B.,Kim, J.Y. 대한산업공학회 2008 산업공학 Vol.21 No.3

Digital Virtual Manufacturing is a technology to facilitate effective product developments and agile productions by digital model representing the physical and logical schema and the behavior of real manufacturing system, and it includes product, resources, processes and plant. For successful applications of this technology, a digital virtual factory as a well-designed and integrated environment is essential. In this research, we constructed a sophisticated digital virtual factory of a Korean automotive company's press shop. For efficient constructions of a digital virtual factory useful to kinematic simulations and visualizations, we analyzed entire business process and detailed activities of press engineering. Also, we evaluated geometries, structures, characteristics and motions of a plant and machines in press shop. The geometric model and related data of a virtual press shop are built and managed by a modeling standard defined in this paper. The virtual manufacturing simulation of press machines is conducted to evaluate kinematic motions, cycle time and locations of components using geometric models and related data. It's for interference checks and productivity improvements. We expect that this virtual press shop helps us to achieve great savings in time and cost in many manufacturing preparation activities in the new car development process of automotive companies.

cPCR 기법을 이용한 초기배양 pH에 의한 반추위 섬유소 분해 박테리아의 부착 및 발효에 관한 연구

김민석,성하균,김현진,이상석,장종수,하종규,Kim, M.S.,Sung, H.G.,Kim, H.J.,Lee, Sang-S.,Chang, J.S.,Ha, J.K. 한국축산학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 연구는 배양초기 pH 조건이 F. succino- genes의 섬유소 부착과 섬유소 소화에 미치는 영향을 보고자 실시하였다. 선정된 specific primer를 이용하여 F. succinogenes의 genomic DNA로부터 445bp의 16S rDNA 절편을 증폭하여 205bp의 internal control을 제작하였고, cPCR 결과로부터 박테리아 수를 계산할 수 있는 표준곡선의 회귀식($r^2$>0.99)을 얻을 수 있었다. In vitro 배양초기 pH에 따른 F. succ- inogenes의 cellulose 부착을 cPCR로 모니터링한 결과, 발효과정 전 기간동안 초기 pH가 6.8과 6.2일 때 cellulose 건물 g당 부착 균주의 수가 pH 5.6일 때 보다 높았으나, pH 6.8과 6.2 사이에서는 큰 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). Cellulose 분해는 배양시간이 진행됨에 따라 증가 되었으며, 분해 정도는 pH가 증가함에 따라 더 높았다. 배양초기 pH가 6.8, 6.2 그리고 5.8일 때 48시간동안 감소한 pH는 각각 0.24, 0.58 그리고 0.16 이었다. 가스 생산량은 발효 시간이 경과함에 따라 pH가 높을수록 더 많았다. 결론적으로 발효 초기 pH는 F. succinogenes에 의한 cellulose 소화, 가스 생산, pH 변화 및 cellulose 부착에 큰 영향을 주었으며, 특히, 낮은 pH(5.8)에서는 섬유소 소화 및 박테리아 부착을 현저한 감소 시켰다. The cPCR technique was used to monitor rumen fermentation and attachment of Fibrobacter succinogenes to cellulose at different pH in the in vitro culture medium. The target fragments of 16S rDNA(445 bp) were amplified from genomic DNA of F. succinogenes with specific primers and internal controls(205 bp) were constructed. Cell counts were estimated from the amounts of genomic DNA, which was calculated from cPCR results. F. succinogenes in pH 6.8 and 6.2 showed apparently higher attachment than in pH 5.8 during all incubation time. There were some difference between pH 6.8 and 6.2 in the degree of attachment, but the different was not significant (P>0.05). Cellulose degradation increased in process of incubation time and the increasing rate was higher when initial pH was higher. The pH in culture medium decreased regardless of initial pH in course of incubation time. After 24 h of incubation, medium pH was dropped by 0.24, 0.58 and 0.16 units from original medium pH 6.8, 6.2 and 5.8, respectively. More gas was produced at higher initial pH in the same manner as in cellulose degradation. In summery, Initial pH of rumen culture in vitro significantly influenced cellulose digestion, gas production, pH change and bacterial attachment. Especially, low pH(5.8) resulted in much lower bacterial attachment and fiber digestion compared to higher medium pH.

고주파용 페라이트 재료의 기술 동향

박정래,김태홍,이석진,이창화,성희경,이상석,최태구,Park, J.R.,Kim, T.H.,Lee, S.J.,Lee, C.H,,Sung, H.K.,Lee, S.S.,Choi, T.G. 한국전자통신연구원 1994 전자통신동향분석 Vol.9 No.1

위성통신, 이동통신 등의 통신 시스템의 보급이 활발해짐에 따라 통신용 부품의 기술 개발이 한층 시급해지고 있다. 본 고에서는 이동통신용 단말기 및 기지국 RF 회로의 필수적인 부품인 아이솔레이터, 서큘레이터 등에 사용되는 기본 재료인 페라이트의 재료적 성질, 제조 공정 및 각국의 기술 현황에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

Probiotic 균주의 Pathogenic Organism에 대한 억제 활성과 송아지분변 분리균주의 억제활성 특성

배임희 ( I. H. Bae ),변정열 ( J. R. Byun ),배귀석 ( G. S. Bae ),이상석 ( Sang. S. Lee ),장문백 ( M. B. Chang ),윤영호 ( Y. H. Yoon ) 한국동물자원과학회 2006 한국축산학회지 Vol.48 No.6

볏짚 및 가공처리 왕겨의 급여가 한우의 사료섭취 및 반추행동에 미치는 영향

이왕식,이병석,이상철,이상석,이세영,이덕윤,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Effects of low quality roughage sources on duration and frequencies of rumination and chewing in Hanwoo steers were determined. Animals were fed three diets; concentrate+rice straw)50:50), concentrate+rice straw+popped rice hull(50:35:15) and concentrate)+rice straw+ground rice hull(50:35:15) to compare both rice straw alone and combination with rice hull. Eating and ruminating time of steers fed concentrate+rice straw(50:50), concentrate+rice straw+popped rice hull(50:35:15) and concentrate+rice straw+ground rice hull(50:35:15) were 78.8 and 338.4min/day; 98.0 and 362.5min/day, and 160 and 519.2min/day, respectively. When steers were fed popped rice hull and ground rice hull, time spent for both eating and ruminating was significantly increased(p<0.05). When steers fed popped and ground rice hull, number of ruminating chews and number of chews per rumination time were significantly decreased(p<0.05). The number of rumination boli and boli per rumination time had significantly decreased(p<0.05) in steers fed both types of rice hull. In summary, when cattle were fed experimental diets substituted with popped or ground rice hull to rice straw, the rumination behaviors were increased, because popped or ground rice hull might physically stimulate rumen wall. Therefore, both the physically shape and size of roughage sources are important factors to induce rumination behavior.

Auto-Pressure Transducer를 이용한 국내산 고간류의 사료가치평가

이상석,하종규,장문백 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.2

국내산 고간류의 영양학적 평가는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 압력센서를 이용하여 국내산 고간류의 가스발생량과 반추위발효산물과의 상관관계를 비교하고자 실시하였다. 가스발생량 측정장치는 압력센서, AD board, LED 모니터 및 real-time graphics가 설치된 컴퓨터로 구성되었다. 가스발생량과 건물소화율은 지수방정식 Pt = a + b (1 - e^-et)을 기초로 추정하였다. 초기 가스발생량은 볏짚이 가장 높았으며 보리짚, 밀짚순이었다. 시간당 분해상수는 3.8, 2.5, 2.5%h^-1로서 볏짚, 보리짚, 밀짚순이었다. 전체 휘발성 지방산은 초기 12시간에 유의한 차이가 있었지만 배양 72시간 이후의 농도는 세 처리구에서 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. 가스발생량과 건물소화율의 상관지수(r^2)는 0.76∼0.83으로 밀접한 관계가 있었으며 또한 휘발성지방산과 가스발생량의 상관지수는 0.91∼0.98로 매우 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 따라서 가스발생량, 건물소화율 및 휘발성 지방산의 단일상관관계는 고간류의 in vivo 소화율에서도 유사할 것으로 보인다. Accurate and rapid evaluation of the nutritional quality of Korean straws in important because of the recent increase in the use of these feedstuffs in Korean. The aim of the study was to establish with relationships between ruminal fermentation of Korean straws and in vitro gas production using a pressure transducer. The pressure transducer system includes pressure censors, AD board, LED monitor, and the computer with real-time graphics. Both gas production and DM digestibility data were fitted into the exponential equation P = a + b (1-e^-α). The initial rate of gas production was highest for rice straw, followed by barley straw and wheat straw. The gas production rate of constant (c) in gas production for rice straw, wheat straw, and barley straw were 3.8, 2.5, and 2.5 %h^-1, respectively. Total VFA concentration (mM) produced after 72h incubation was similar among three Korean straws, even though was variable during the early (12h) fermentation. Volume of gas production was related (P> 0.05: r = 0.76 to 0.83) to DM disappearance and also strongly related (p< 0.05: r = 0.91 to 0.98) to VFA concentration at all incubation times. Linear correlation showed between gas production and DM disappearance and VFA by in vitro will be matched in in vivo digestibility.

유카 추출물 첨가가 In Vitro 반추위 미생물 발효에 미치는 영향

황일환,이상석,Chalermglin, Piya,홍승희,최유지,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.5

An in vitro experiment with mixed ruminal microorganism was conducted to investigate the effects of Yucca extract(YE) and substrate on medium pH, gas production, number of bacteria and protozoa, enzymatic activities, and VFA at different incubation times. The factorial design consisted of 2 main factors(substrates: 1㎜ ground straw and 4mm cracked corn) with 3 minor factors(YE levels: 0, 30 and 90 ㎎) in 5 incubation times(0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr). All incubations were repeated three times. The supplementation of YE generally reduced gas production, ammonia concentration, the number of bacteria and protozoa and DM digestion with minor effect on medium pH and VFA production. Compared to rice straw as a substrate, corn produced more gas, decreased medium pH. increased bacterial numbers, and was more digestible. Current results indicate that YE has direct and indirect effect on the types and numbers of ruminal microbes and hence on ruminal fermentation

Neocalimastix frontalis 로 조제한 fungal additive 가 반추위 발효에 미치는 영향

하종규,강민원,이상석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.5

The anaerobic rumen fungus, N. frontalis N1-1, which had a high fiber-degrading capacity was selected to make a fungal additive and to evaluate its effects on ruminal fermentation. The fungal additive was added at the level of 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12%(w/v) in Lowe's medium and pH, gas production, dry matter degradation, CMCase, xylanase, and volatile fatty acid(VFA) were determined after 2, 4, and 6 days of incubation. Addition of high level of fungal additive (0.09 and 0.12%) decreased pH compared with control treatment(P$lt;0.05). The gas production was increased by the addition of fungal additive. The highest increase in gas production was achieved with 0.09, and 0.1% supplementation after 6 days incubation(P$lt;0.05). The degradation of dry matter was increased with incubation time up to 6 days and was significantly lower in control. Activities of carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase), and xylanase in the culture supernatant was increased by the addition of fungal additive with highest increase after 4 days of incubation. Total VFA production and acetate:propionate ratio also tended to increase by fungal additive after 4 days of incubation similar to results of enzyme activities.

반취위 혐기성 곰팡이의 섬유소분해효소 역가비교

하종규,강민원,이상석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Five different anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis N1-1, Piromyces communis P1-2, Orpinomyces spp. 02-2, Caecomyces communis CI-5, Anaeromyces spp. AI-3) isolated from the rumen of a male Holstein were compared in fermentation characteristics and enzyme activities in a hope to select a proper fungal species with a high fiber-degrading capacity. The fungal isolates were incubated in Lowe's medium containing rice straw as a substrate for 5 days, and pH, gas production, volatile fatty acid concentration, and activities of carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase), xylanase and amylase in the culture supernatant were determined. Culture supernatant of N-1 had the lowest pH, and monocentric generally showed lower pH than polycentric fungi. N-1 and P-I produced more gas than the other fungal isolates. Overall gas production data indicated that it could be used as a potential indicator of fungal growth. The concentration of acetic acid in the culture fluid of N1-1 and A1-3 was significantly higher than that of the other fungal isolates, and isobutylate was detected only in the culture of 02-2. All of five fungal species produced CMCase, xylanase and amylase, and Nl-I showed the highest enzmye activity. Based on data obtained in this study, Neocallimastix frontalis showed the highest fiber digesting ability among 5 fungal species.

유형별 완전혼합사료 급여가 반추위내의 발효성상 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

이덕윤,고종렬,최낙진,이상석,송재용,이세영,박성호,성하균,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design. The present results showed that ?, NH_(3)-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMr are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.