질소시비가 산국의 수량과 유효성분에 미치는 영향

이경동,양민석,이용복,김필주,Lee, Kyung-Dong,Yang, Min-Suk,Lee, Young-Bok,Kim, Pil-Joo Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2002 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.35 No.1

산국(Chrysanthemum boreale M.)은 국화과에 속하는 다년생 식물이며 우리나라에 널리 분포하는 자생식물자원으로서 오래 전부터 식용과 약용으로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 최근 건강에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 산국의 수요가 급증하고 있으나 자연채집을 위주로 하기 때문에 공급을 충당하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 우수품질의 산국을 대량생산하기 위해 질소시비반응 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 질소수준에 따라 6처리구(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, $250kg\;ha^{-1}$)로 설정하였다. 이때 모든 처리구에서 기본적으로 $P_2O_5-K_2O=80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$을 시비하였다. 그 결과, 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 수량이 증가하였다. 전체 산국을 건물중으로 하여 회귀곡선을 통해 추정한 결과 N $246kg\;ha^{-1}$였으며, 꽃의 수량은 N $226kg\;ha^{-1}$이였다. 꽃의 주요 아미노산은 proline이였고 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 아미노산의 함량이 증가하였다. 이때 질소의 이용율은 41.5-61.8%였고 N100처리구에서 가장 높았다. Sespuiterpene계 화합물로서 우수한 혈압강하효과를 가지고 있는 물질인 Cumambrin A의 함량은 식물부위 중 꽃에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 Cumambrin A의 함량이 다소 감소하였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 꽃에서 Cumambrin A의 전체 함량은 산국의 수량증가에 따라 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 유효성분이 많이 함유된 양질의 산국재배를 위해 질소의 적정시비량은 $225{\sim}250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 판단되었으며 포장시험을 통한 현장입증시험이 있어야 할 것으로 판단된다. Chrysanthemum boreale M. (hereafter, C. boreale M.), a perennial flower, has been historically used as a natural medicine in Korea. With increasing concerns for health-improving foods, the demand for C. boreale M. has become higher than ever. Howevr, the amount of wild C. boreale M. collected from mountainous areas is not enough to cover all demands. The cultivation system and fertilization strategy are required to meet increasing demand on C. boreale M. with a good quality. We investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth and effective components of C. boreale M. to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. C. boreale M. was cultivated in a pot scale (1/2000a scale), and nitrogen applied with rate of 0(N0), 50(N50), 100(N100), 150(N150), 200(N200), and $250(N250)kg\;ha^{-1}$. Phosphate and potassium were applied at the same level ($P_2O_5-K_2O=80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all treatments. Maximum yield achieved in 246 and $226kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower part, a valuable part as a herbal medicine, respectively. Proline was the most abundant amino acid in the flower of C boreal M. and the contents of amino acids increased with increasing nitrogen application rate in flower. Nitrogen recovery efficiency was high more than 41% in all nitrogen treatments and increased to 61.8% in nitrogen N100 treatment. From the nitrogen content, the high nitrogen uptake, the low residue of mineral N and the reasonably good apparent fertilizer recovery, it can be inferred that C. boreale M. made efficient use of the available nitrogen. In flower, contents of Cumambrin A. which is a sesquiterpene compound and has the effect of blood-pressure reduction, decreased with increasing nitrogen application. However, the amount of Cumambrin A in flower increased as nitrogen rate increased, because of increasing flower yield. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase yields and enhance quality. The optimum nitrogen application rate might be on the range of $225{\sim}250kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.

Femtosecond Pump-Probe MOKE Microscopy for an Ultrafast Spin Dynamics Study

이경동,남창희,김동현,정재우,Ji-Wan Kim,Kyung-Han Hong,Maeng Ho Son,Sung Woo Hwang,신성철,Yong Soo Lee 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III

We report a femtosecond pump-probe magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopic system enabling the study of vectorial spin dynamics with submicron spatial resolution using an 11-fs pulsed laser source. We applied the system to investigate the spin precessional motion of a patterned disk (2.8 μm × 3.0 μm × 50 nm) of permalloy placed in an in-plane biasing magnetic-field. The vector components of the spins perpendicular to the field’s direction showed a phase difference of about /2, which represents an elliptic motion in the magnetic phase trajectory. A numerical calculation utilizing the Stoner model of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation yielded a damping parameter of = 0.016. A theoretical simulation with the shape of the magnetic field pulse, considering surface recombination of the photoconductive switch and multiple reflections of the waveguide, accurately predict the experimental observation of vectorial precessional motion.

결정질 실리콘 태양전지용 SiN_x:H 박막 특성의 최적화 연구

이경동,김영도,부현필,박성은,탁성주,김동환,Lee, Kyung-Dong,Kim, Young-Do,Dahiwale, Shailendra S.,Boo, Hyun-Pil,Park, Sung-Eun,Tark, Sung-Ju,Kim, Dong-Hwan 한국진공학회 2012 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.21 No.1

수소화된 실리콘 질화막은 결정질 태양전지 산업에서 반사방지막과 패시베이션 층으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 또한, 수소화된 질화막은 금속 소성공정과 같은 높은 공정온도를 거친 후에도 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 표면층으로서 충족되는 특성들이 변하지 않고 유지 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition 장치를 이용한 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 특성 변화에 대한 경향성을 알아보기 위하여 증착조건의 변수(온도, 증착거리, 무선주파수 전력, 가스비율 등)들을 다양하게 가변하여 증착조건의 최적화를 찾았다. 이후 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 전구체가 되는 사일렌($SiH_4$)과 암모니아 ($NH_3$) 가스비를 변화시켜가며 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에 사용되기 위한 박막의 광학 전기 화학적 그리고 표면 패시베이션 특성들을 분석하였다. 가스 비율에 따른 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 굴절율 범위는 1.90~2.20까지 나타내었다. 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에 사용하기 위한 가장 적합한 특성은 3.6 ($NH_3/SiH_4$)의 가스비율을 나타내었다. 이를 통하여 $156{\times}156mm$ 대면적 결정질 실리콘 태양전지를 제작하여 17.2 %의 변환 효율을 나타내었다. The Hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is widely used in photovoltaic industry as an antireflection coating and passivation layer. In the high temperature firing process, the $SiN_x:H$ film should not change the properties for its use as high quality surface layer in crystalline silicon solar cells. Initially PECVD-$SiN_x:H$ film trends were investigated by varying the deposition parameters (temperature, electrode gap, RF power, gas flow rate etc.) to optimize the process parameter conditions. Then by varying gas ratios ($NH_3/SiH_4$), the hydrogenated silicon nitride films were analyzed for its optical, electrical, chemical and surface passivation properties. The $SiN_x:H$ films of refractive indices 1.90~2.20 were obtained. The film deposited with the gas ratio of 3.6 (Refractive index=1.98) showed the best properties in after firing process condition. The single crystalline silicon solar cells fabricated according to optimized gas ratio (R=3.6) condition on large area substrate of size $156{\times}156mm$ (Pseudo square) was found to have the conversion efficiency as high as 17.2%. Optimized hydrogenated silicon nitride surface layer and high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells fabrication sequence has also been explained in this study.

17세기 사상계의 율곡 경세론 수용과 전개

이경동 ( Lee Kyung Dong ) (사)율곡연구원(구 사단법인 율곡학회) 2021 율곡학연구 Vol.44 No.-

본 논문은 17세기 사상계에서 율곡 경세론이 수용된 양상과 그 특징을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 율곡은 당대 경세론을 주도하였음에도 불구하고 그의 사후 정치적 요인에 의해 부정적으로 평가되거나 조정에서 거의 언급되지 못하였다. 율곡의 위상이 정립되기 시작한 것은 인조반정 이후였다. ‘文成’이라는 시호가 내려졌으며, 율곡이 긍정적으로 평가되기 시작하였다. 율곡의 위상 변화와 함께 경세론도 국정운영 과정에서 다루어 졌다. 율곡학파 계열은 정계에서 주도권을 바탕으로 사회경제정책의 많은 부분에서 율곡의 경세론을 제시하였다. 대동법을 추진하는 과정에서는 점차 대동법의 취지가 율곡의 공납제 개혁안의 연장선상에 있었다는 논리로 정립되어 갔고, 종모법은 율곡이 제시했다는 점에서 송시열 등에 의해 정책 추진 근거로 제시되었다. 율곡 경세론은 당대 지식인들에 의해 다양한 형태로 수용되어 갔다. 이유태의 「기해봉사」나 유계의 「강거문답」은 율곡이 제시했던 경세책의 구조를 모방하여 구현되었다. 이들은 율곡학파 계열임과 동시에 율곡 경세책에 대한 적극적인 입장을 보이며 경세책의 이론적의 이론적 토대로 율곡의 견해를 채택했다. 유형원은 북인계-남인 학자임에도 불구하고 『반계수록』을 통해서 율곡 경세론을 적극적으로 인용하였다. 유형원은 군역, 관료제, 과거제, 군현제 등에서 율곡 경세론을 기반으로 자신의 논리를 전개하였다. 공전제를 기초로 한 사회개혁안을 전개하며 노비제 혁파 등 율곡이 구상하지 않았던 분야에까지 이상사회 구현을 위한 견해를 제시하면서 율곡 경세론의 수용과 발전 양상을 보여주었다. 17세기 사상계에서 율곡의 경세론은 율곡학파 뿐만 아니라 비 율곡학파에 이르기까지 점차 외연이 확대되었으며, 사회경제정책과 경세론의 이론적 토대를 제공했음을 확인할 수 있다. This thesis purports to analyze the aspects and characteristics of Yulgok's statecraft theory accepted in the intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty in the 17th century. Yulgok's status began to be established in 1623. Along with the change in Yulgok's status, the statecraft was actively dealt with throughout society. As the rationale for reform, the figures who belonged to the Yulgok School promoted socio-economic policies and presented Yulgok's theory of statecraft as a theoretical basis. Yulgok's statecraft was presented as the basis for policy promotion in reforming the tax system or the class system. Yulgok's statecraft theory was referenced in the statecraft theories of the intellectuals at that time in various ways. Those in the Yulgok school, such as Yu Gye and Lee Yootae wrote books about the statecraft theory by imitating the structure of the statecraft theory presented by Yulgok. Despite the fact that Yu Hyeoungwon had no academic succession relationship with Yulgok, Yu Hyeoungwon developed his logic based on Yulgok's statecraft theory in the military, bureaucracy, education, and local administrative system. In the 17th century ideology, Yulgok's statecraft theory gradually expanded to the Yulgok school and intellectuals who were not related to the Yulgok school. Therefore, it can be considered that it provided the theoretical foundation for the socio-economic policy and the statecraft theory argued.

조선후기 금산 성곡서원의 창건과 운영

이경동 ( Lee Kyung-dong ) 한국서원학회 2023 한국서원학보 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the trends and characteristics of operating seowon in Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do through the foundation and operation of Seonggok-seowon located in Geumsan, Jeolla-do in late Joseon. Seonggok-seowon was founded in 1617 under the leadership of Geumsan-gun County Governor Lee Ahn-nul and local intellects. Along with the foundation, six figures, Lee An-nul (李安訥), Kim Sun (⾦侁), Yoon Taek (尹澤), Gil Jae (吉再), ⾦淨 (Kim Jung), Go Gyong-myong (高敬命), and Cho-hun (趙憲), were selected and enshrined. All of the figures enshrined were either directly or indirectly related to Geumsan. The official approval at the national level was promoted in 1663 (the 4th year of King Hyeonjong’s reign). Seonggok-seowon was operated by academy managers, and they consisted of three positions: Dongju (洞主), Jangeui (掌議), and Yusa (有司). They led the operation and education of the seowon, and it was similar to seowon located in the area near Geumsan. The students of the seowon can be checked through the books containing the list of enrolled students, and it was operated flexibly with students from a minimum of 12 to a maximum of 195 annually. The seowon’s regular ritual rites were held twice, in the second and eighth lunar months, and as the majority of people related to the seowon attended the rites, various issues within the seowon were decided then. The regulations related to education present learning procedures and punishment rules for students in detail. Seonggok-seowon was also visited from various areas outside. The existing guest books of the seowon contain total 711 people who visited there in the 18th century, and they are identified to have been the descendants of the enshrined figures, influential families in the region, and bureaucrats. They visited Seonggok-seowon while passing through the Geumsan area or for the purpose of attending the two regular ritual rites. As described above, Seonggok-seowon as one of the private seowon representing the Geumsan area not only performed the functions of ritual rites and education but acquired a social status through the visits of outside people as well.

철근가공정보 생성을 위한 CAD시스템 개발

이경동(G. D. Lee),이성규(S.G.Lee),이성건(S.G.Lee),소범식(B. S. So) 한국정밀공학회 2013 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.5월

쑥갓 잎에서 터펜노이드계 화합물의 분리 및 동정

이경동 ( Kyung Bong Lee ),하태정 ( Tae Joung Ha ),이병원 ( Byong Won Lee ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ),이준 ( Jun Lee ),황선우 ( Sun Woo Hwang ),조동령 ( Dong Young Cho ),남상해 ( Sang Hae Nam ),양민석 ( Min Suk Yang ) 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.1

Three terpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. by silica gel chromatography and recrystalization. The structure of compounds 1, 2, and 3, using various spectroscopic data, were identified as to be terpenoid derivatives of dihydrotulipinolide, loliolide, and 5α, 8α-peroxyergosterol, respectively. The presence of these 3 is the first time reported in this plant. The cytotoxic activity of 5α, 8α-peroxyergosterol showed strong activities against human cancer cell lines such as A549, PC-3, and HCT 116.

16세기 도통론의 전개와 포은 정몽주의 위상

이경동(Lee, Kyungdong) 포은학회 2016 포은학연구 Vol.17 No.-

포은 정몽주는 중종 12년(1517) 문묘에 종사되면서 도학의 조종(祖宗)으로서 위상을 공인받았다. 문묘종사 이후 16세기 전반에 걸쳐 사림은 정몽주의 위상을 다양한 방식으로 강화하면서 조선 사회만의 도통론을 체계화하였다. 16세기에 정몽주는 절의를 중심으로 학문과 그에 수반된 실천들이 강조되며 도통의 조종으로 정립되었다. 또한 정몽주는 기자에서 시작되는 동방의 도통을 회복한 인물로서 상징되었다. 이를 기반으로 당대 사림들은 조선사회의 도통을 확보하고 사림의 정치적․사회적 명분을 강화하였다. 16세기 정몽주에 대한 사림의 추숭은 문묘종사․서원건립․시문(詩文)등의 기록물․출판활동 등을 통해 점차 확대되어 갔다. 특히 이러한 사업들은 16세기 후반 사림정치가 본격적으로 시작된 선조대에 집중적으로 추진 되었다. 17세기 초에는 5현이 문묘에 종사되면서 조선의 도통론은 국가 및 사회적으로 공인을 받게 되었다. 16세기의 도통론에 입각한 정몽주에 대한 위상은 단순히 그 시대에만 국한되지 않았다. 이후에도 정몽주에 대한 이해는 조선후기에도 통용되었다. 특히 17세기 심화된 성리학적 의리론과 함께 정몽주는 도통을 기반으로 화이론과 관련된 시대적 흐름의 상징적인 인물로 자리매김할 수 있었다. 이는 17세기 정몽주에 대한 인식이 16세기를 계승하면서도 다른 한편으로 처해진 현실에 따라 재해석될 수 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 역사적 과정은 현재까지 정몽주가 절의 및 동방 도통의 조종(祖宗)으로 인식되는데 주요한 역할 을 했다. This study shows that how Poeun Jung Mong-Ju established his Neo-Confucian images and acknowledged influence of Neo-Confucian orthodoxy(道統) in the 16th century Joseon Dynasty. The influence of Poeun Jung Mong-Ju was established a symbol of fidelity toward royal family, since he died augustly for his filial fidelity in the 15th century. In their speeches and writings produced by literati-scholars in the 16th century noted that Jung Mong-Ju was known as not only a “liege man” to keep filial fidelity but also a “founder” of Korean Neo-Confucianism. Moreover, they directly linked him into Jizi(箕子), legendary sage from end of Shang dynasty(c.1100 BC). At that same time, public and private persons urged toward primary enterprises to commemorate Jung Mong-Ju’s remarkable achievements. On the preferential basis, literati-scholars established seowon, Neo-Confucian private academies, for venerating the scholar Poeun and educating rural students. The number of seowon venerating Poeun Jung Mong-ju were five, established between the reign of King Myeongjong and King Seonjo. These seowon were established in the region related to the venerated scholar, except for one, which was built for the purpose of promoting rural literati. Five seowon were dedicated to venerate the scholar: forming rituals and writing literary works. The government also gave privilege to his descendents, such as exemption from taxation and civil service examination. In addition, king Seonjo commanded to publish the collection of Poeun Jung Mong-Ju. In the 17th century, the influence of Poeun Jung Mong-ju was expanded with the Cause of Justice theory(義理論). Song Shi-Yeol, one of the representative scholars in the 17th century, reviewed the studies of former masters of the master Jung with the Cause of Justice theory. He indicated Poeun Jung Mong-ju as a symbol of resistance and Neo-Confucian orthodoxy. These perspectives reveals that Poeun Jung Mong-Ju’s influence was originated from the 16th century. In conclusion, the establishment of Poeun Jung Mong-Ju’s influence in the 16th century has continued to influence up to the present.

AGV용 라이다의 방열특성에 관한 해석적 연구

이경동(G. D. Lee),심재술(J. S. Shim),지창현(C. H. Ji) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.12

도심개발에 따른 장소성의 변화와 변화 요소에 대한 분석

이경동(Lee Gyung-Dong),정재용(Chung Jae-Yong) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

As economy growth was rapidly accelerated, people centered for employment in urban area. Such phenomenon brings about a great number of urban problems. As a way of solving the problems, decentralizing population and playing a part of supporting urban ability, satellite towns were developed. On the other side, urban centre have suffered deterioration, environmental problem and doughnut phenomenon in urban centre. Urban regeneration, redevelopment have been applied to settle these problems as a way out. In the process of urban regeneration, redevelopment, characteristics of site and place are changed. Such variations transform the placeness and these transformations affect social, cultural and physical environment in neighboring area. Furthermore, such effects and variations are closely related to urban environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of placeness, factors in variation of placeness and relationship between placeness and urban development.