나노소재 활용 시멘트 복합체 인체/환경 영향 평가

송경석(Kyung Seuk Song),성재혁(Jae Hyuck Sung),박준우(June-woo park),김로사(Rosa Kim) 한국콘크리트학회 2022 콘크리트학회지 Vol.34 No.6

국내 일부 다중벽탄소나노튜브의 직업노출기준 추정

김종범 ( Jong Bum Kim ),김경환 ( Kyung Hwan Kim ),최병길 ( Byung Gil Choi ),송경석 ( Kyung Seuk Song ),배귀남 ( Gwi Nam Bae ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are used in various fields. Therefore, the interest regarding the safety of nanomaterial use is increasing and much effort is diverted toward establishment of exposure assessment and management methods. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are effectively used to protect the health of workers in various industrial workplaces. This study aimed to propose an OEL for domestic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on animal inhalation toxicity test. Basic procedure for development of OELs was examined. For OEL estimation, epidemiological study and quantitative risk assessment are generally performed based on toxicity data. In addition, inhalation toxicity data-based no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are estimated to obtain the OEL. Three different estimation processes (NEDO in Japan, NIOSH in USA, and Baytubes in Germany) of OELs for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were intensively reviewed. From the rat inhalation toxicity test for MWCNTs manufactured in Korea, a NOAEL of 0.98 mg/㎥ was derived. Using the simple equation for estimation of OEL suggested by NEDO, the OEL of 142 μg/㎥ was estimated for the MWCNT manufacturing workplace. Here, we used test rat and Korean human data and adopted 36 as an uncertainty factor. The OEL for MWCNT estimated in this work is higher than those (2-80 μg/㎥) suggested by previous investigators. It may be greatly caused by different physicochemical properties of MWCNT and their dispersion method and test rat data. For setting of regulatory OELs in CNT workplaces, further epidemiological studies in addition to animal studies are needed. More advanced technical methods such as CNT dispersion in air and liquid should be also developed.

Toxicity study using stress sensitive Drosophila melanogaster mutantstrains

Hyun-jeong Eom(엄현정),Yun Doo Chung(정연두),Kyung Seuk Song(송경석),Jinhee Choi(최진희) 한국환경독성학회 2010 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11

석면대체재의 구성원소 및 형태특성 연구

정용현(Yong Hyun Chung),한정희(Jeong Hee Han),성재혁(Jae Hyuck Sung),송경석(Kyung Seuk Song),임경택(Kyung Taek Lim),유일재(Il Je Yu) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Twenty three samples of man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) were collected and analyzed for their mineral contents using a transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (TEM-EDX). Five glass fibers showed a straight fiber type without branches with average diameter ranged from 2.6㎛ to 5.6㎛ and average length 12.2~29.6㎛. The major atomic compositions of the glass fibers were Na, Mg, Si, Ca, and Fe with a little variance among them and contained trace amounts of Al and Si. Eleven rock wool fibers also showed a straight fiber type without branches. The rock wool fibers used in 3 insulation panel and 1 insulation tube had average diameter 13.6~26.4㎛ and average length 13.6~26.4㎛. The major atomic compositions of the rock wool fibers were Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Fe, and Cu with a little variance among them. Two of rock wool sealant fibers and one of coating material fibers had average 0.8~2.2㎛ diameter and 9.9~16.2㎛ average length. The major atomic compositions of the fibers were Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Fe with a little variance among them and contained trace amount of S. The fibers in the rock wool coating materials contaminated partially with another type of fibers. Four of rock wool ceiling board showed 0.9~2.04㎛ average diameter and 4.3~15.2㎛ average length. The major atomic compositions of the fibers were Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, and Fe with a little variance among them and contained trace amounts of Na, K, and Ti. Three of long glass fibers showed a mass appearance with finely splitted fibers, and the major atomic compositions of the fibers were Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, and Fe with no variance among them. One type of ceramic fiber showed 2.9±1.59㎛ average diameter and 20.3±9.38㎛ average length. The major compositions of the fibers were Al, Si, and S. A gypsum board and a perlite and a calcium silicate insulation material all showed aspect ratio less than 3:1, indicating non-fibrous materials. The major compositions of the gypsum board particles were Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe, The perlite particles were consisted of Na, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe, and the calcium silicate insulation materials were mainly consisted of Al, Si, Ca, and Fe.

건축물내 천장재 석면 실태조사 및 특성분석

정용현(Yong Hyun Chung),한정희(Jeong Hee Han),성재혁(Jae Hyuck Sung),송경석(Kyung Seuk Song),임경택(Kyung Taek Lim),유일재(Il Je Yu) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

140 buildings of Korean major cities were investigated for the presence of asbestos and man made mineral fibers (MMMF) in their construction materials. 73 (52%) and 84 (60%) buildings contained asbestos and MMMF in their construction materials, respectively, and 17 (12%) buildings contained both asbestos and MMMF. 75% of the asbestos containing buildings were mostly constructed during 1970"s. 100% of underground shopping arcades, 90% of manufacturing workplaces, 84% of train and bus terminals had the asbestos containing construction materials. The manufacturing workplaces of Daejeon (89%) and Daegu (89%), which mostly had been built in the past, used asbestos containing building materials, while the building in Seoul, Busan and Jinju, which were constructed recently, used relatively lower asbestos containing building materials with 46%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. 9 building materials that have been widely used in Korea were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (TEM-EDX) for their mineral contents. All asbestos fibers showed typical characteristics of chrysotile fibers with hollow tube structure. The average diameter ranged from 0.03㎛ to 0.05㎛, and the average length were ranged from 7.5㎛ to 12.0㎛. Atomic percentages of asbestos fibers were 51.9∼55.9% of Mg, 41.3∼44.3% for Si, and 2.7∼4.8% for Fe.

Sprague-Dawley 랫드에서 60일간 용접흄 폭로에 의한 폐기능 변화

성재혁(Jae Hyuk Sung),최병길(Byung-Gil Choi),맹승희(Seung-Hee Maeng),김수진(Soo-Jin Kim),정용현(Young Hyun Chung),한정희(Jeong Hee Han),현진숙(Jin Suk Hyun),송경석(Kyung Seuk Song),조영봉(Yong Bong Cho),조명행(Myung-Haing Cho),유일재 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.1

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign<br/> and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities. Accordingly, to investigate pulmonary function changes during 60 days induced by welding-fume exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes with concentrations of 64.8+0.9 mg/㎥ (low dose) and 107.8±2.6 mg/m3 (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week in an inhalation chamber for 60 days. Pulmonary function was measured every week with whole body plethysmograph compensated (WBP Comp, SFT38116, Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT). The rats exposed to the high dose of welding fumes exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05-0.01) body weight decrease as compared to the control whereas cell number increase of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (total cell, macrophage, polymorphonuclear cell and lymphocyte) during the 60 days exposure period. And only tidal volume was significantly decreased in dosedependantly during 60 days of MMA-SS welding fume exposure. This pulmonary function change with inflammatory cell recruitment confirms the lung injury caused by the MMA-SS welding fume exposure.

랫드를 이용한 여주 추출물의 안전성 평가

류현열(Hyeon Yeol Ryu),이소민(Somin Lee),안규섭(Kyu Sup Ahn),연용(Yeon Yong),김혜진(Hye Jin Kim),김성은(Seong-Eun Kim),이학성(Hak Sung Lee),홍수영(Su-Young Hong),김현규(Hyun-Kyu Kim),황인국(In Guk Hwang),송경석(Kyung Seuk Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

본 연구에서는 항당뇨에 유효성이 있는 천연물질인 여주 추출물을 이용하여 여주에 포함된 독성물질인 vicine의 분석과 경구투여에 따른 독성을 조사하기 위하여 단회 경구투여 독성시험과 13주 반복 경구투여 독성시험을 진행하였다. 본 시료는 여주 미숙과 열매추출물로 vicine의 분석 결과 존재하지 않거나 극미량일 것으로 판단된다. 단회 경구투여 독성시험과 시험물질에 의한 이상증상과 사망동물은 발생하지 않아 여주 추출물의 ALD는 암수 모두 5,000 mg/kg/d 이상으로 판단된다. 13주 반복 경구투여 독성시험의 투여용량을 결정하기 위하여 0, 1,250, 2,500 및 5,000 mg/kg/d의 투여용량으로 2주 반복투여 용량결정시험을 실시한 결과, 모든 시험군에서 시험물질에 의한 이상증상 및 독성 변화가 관찰되지 않아 동일한 용량으로 13주 반복 경구투여 독성시험을 진행하였다. 실험기간 동안 사망률, 일반증상, 체중 변화, 사료섭취량, 안검사, 요검사, 혈액학적 검사, 혈액응고시간 검사, 혈액생화학적 검사, 부검소견, 장기중량 및 조직병리학적 소견을 관찰한 결과, 시험물질에 의한 전신적인 독성학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 여주 추출물의 NOAEL은 5,000 mg/kg/d로 판단되었고, 표적장기는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 여주 추출물은 투여 가능한 최대 용량에서도 독성이 나타나지 않는 안전한 천연물로 확인하였고, 본 시험 결과를 바탕으로 ADI는 3,000 mg/man으로 판단된다. 따라서 기능성 식품으로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. This study was performed to evaluate repeated dose oral toxicity upon administration of the test substance 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one for 90 days and to determine NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and target organs in Sprague-Dawley rats. Single, 2-week repeated, and 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. The dose levels of groups were 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/d. All dose groups were compared with the vehicle control group. The animals were observed for clinical signs and weekly body weight. Urinalysis, hematology, and serum biochemistry analyses were conducted. Subsequently, animals were sacrificed and subjected to histopathological examination. For the result, NOAEL of ethanol extract from unripe fruit of bitter melon had an optimal dose of 5,000 mg/kg/d and acceptable daily intake up to 3,000 mg/man. There was no target organ detected. Therefore, bitter melon, which contains a variety of bioactive substances, could be widely used as a health functional food ingredient.

방진마스크의 Stainless steel arc 용접흄 여과효율에 관한 연구

송경석,권용식,한규태,정규혁,이용묵,유일재 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate for filtration efficiency of several dust masks, comparing with filtration efficiency certified by KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency), and to require of the right use of protective respirator. Using a welding fume generator and chamber, several dust masks, which were widely used in the workplaces in korea, were tested for their filtering efficiency for stainless steel are welding fume. The filtration efficiency testing system consisted of a welding fume generator, a chamber and a filtration unit. The filtration unit was made of a mask which was inserted into the sampling cassette and another sampling cassette, which contained mixed cellulose ester filter paper. These two cassettes were connected with tubing. Stainless steel arc welding fume generator was delivered into an chamber. The welding fume in the chamber was passed into the filtration unit with flow rate of 30 liter/min. The welding fume filtration efficiency was evaluated by gravimetric measurement. Metal concentrations in the welding fume before and after filtration were measured with inductive coupling plasma analyzer. Following results were obtained: Filtration efficiency of welding fume for comm hygienic mas was 63.82% and the average efficiencies for A, B, C, D, E, F and G masks were 94.62% 96.58%, 83.20%, 82.76%, 77.25%, 86.55% and 93.22%, respectively. Our results indicate that dust masks used widely in the welding workplaces in korea are not proper for protecting worker's health and then the use of fume mask should be required.

A Twenty-Eight Days Inhalation Toxicity Study of N-decane in Sprague Dawley Rats

Rim, Kyung Taek,Kim, Hyeon Young,Song, Kyung Seuk,Chung, Yong Hyun,Chang, Hee Kyung,Han, Jeong Hee,Lee, Sung Bae,Chun, Yoon Seok,Lee, Yong Mook,Yu, Il Je 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.4

N-decane은 지방족탄화수소로 다른 탄화수소들과 같이 혼합된 형태로 존재하며 페인트 제거제나 드라이 크리닝 제품에 사용된다 최근의 본 연구팀이 실시한 전자산업계의 MSDS 신뢰성조사 결과에 따르면 세정제의 사용 경향은 과거의 방향족 탄화수소나 CFC, HCFC에서 C_10 이상의 지방족탄화수소 물질로 변화되고 있는 경향을 보여주었다 Stoddard solvent나 나프타 같은 탄화수소 혼합물에 대한 작업 환경노출기준은 설정되어있지만 n-decane에 대해서는 제한적인 독성자료 밖에 없으며 작업환경노출기준은 설정되어 있지 않다 따라서 작업환경에 대한 적절한 관리기준제시와 독성학적 자료를 제공하기 위해 n-decane을 28일 반복 홉입독성시험을 실시하였다 6주령 흰쥐로 체중이 229±10g되는 숫컷과 165±7g되는 암컷 흰쥐를 4개 용량군 즉 대조군, 저농도군(50ppm), 중농도군(200ppm), 고농도군(800ppm)(각군당 10마리)으로 설정하여 하루 6시간, 주 5일로 4주간 홉입쳄버에서 노출시켰다 28일간 노출 후 n-decane의 노출용량에 따른 암수의 체중에는 유의한 변화가 없었으며 유의한 혈액학적 생화학적 변화도 발견되지 않았다 고농도로 노출된 수컷 몇 마리에서 고환 세정관에서의 공포화(vacuolization)가 발견되었으나, 간 신장, 비장, 폐, 부신, 심장, 뇌 등 다른 장기에 대한 조직병리학적 검사에서는 뚜렷한 조직병리학적인 변화를 발견할 수 없었다

아조계 반응성염료 C.I.No. Reactive Red 195의 흡입독성평가

정용현,한정희,송경석,김현영,이성배,유일재 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Many Reactive dyes have been used in occupational settings without knowing their toxicity and health hazard information. To investigate the toxicity of reactive dye, C.I.No. reactive Red 195 was exposed to male and fem Sprague Dawley rats by inhalation for 28 days. The rats were exposed C.I.No. Reactive Red 195 for 6hrs per day and 5day per week. The concentrations for the inhalation exposure were 0, 10, 40 and 160 ㎎/㎥, After 4 weeks of exposure, ra were examined for exposure related changes throug? pathology, blood biochemistry and hematology. There were no does related changes including clinical signs, body weight and relative organ weight changes, hematological and biochemical and histopathological findings. The results indicate that no observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of 28 days inhalatrion toxicity test for C.I.No. Reactive Red 195 was 160 ㎎/㎥.