미용실 실내ㆍ외 공기오염물질 및 개인 노출 농도

송미라(Mi Ra Song),손부순(Bu Soon Son),김한식(Han Shik Kim),이진옥(Jin Ok Lee),나상오(Sang O Na),양원호(Won Ho Yang) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 광주광역시에 소재한 미용실 20개소를 선정하여 미용실에 근무하고 있는 종사자 중 1명씩 총 20명의 대상자들에게 실내 환경의 특성과 농도와의 관계를 파악하기 위해 설문조사, VOCs와 PM₁?을 2003년 9월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 24시간 동안 측정하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성, 미용실 실내환경에 관한 인식상황, 미용실 실내환경에 관한 사항, 미용실내ㆍ실외ㆍ개인노출에 대한 VOCs의 농도와 PM₁?의 농도와의 상관성을 비교 분석하였다. 미용실 실내공기질에 대한 종업원의 인식은 매우 높았으며, 설문지를 이용한 간접 건강영향으로 피곤함, 목과 눈의 아픔 등을 나타내었다. 김보경 (2000)의 선행연구에서 종업원의 증상호소율은 목이 아프다(50.0%), 머리가 아프다(46.7%)의 순으로 나타났는데, 본 연구에서는 목이 아픈 경우(70%), 머리가 아픈 경우(40%), 눈이 아프고 침침한 경우 (70%), 전신이 노곤한 경우(65%)가 좀 더 높게 나타났다. 그 원인으로 미용실 실내환경 내 사용하는 각종 화학물질과 미용실의 도로변 위치가 주된것으로 생각할 수 있었다. 주된 측정 대상 항목인 PM₁?과 VOCs 중 Toluene과 Xylene는 미용실 실내 공기가 미용사 개인노출에 주요 요인인 것으로 나타나 미용사뿐만 아니라 미용실 이용자에 대한 유해 공기오염물질의 노출방지 대책이 시급한 것으로 판단하였다. 이번 연구결과는 유기화합물(VOCs)의 경우는 개인노출농도로 실내, 실외농도의 영향을 받고 있었으며, 기존 연구결과와 일치하고 있다(손부순등, 2003). 이는 미용실에서 근무하는 종사자의 경우 VOCs 노출로부터의 영향을 줄이기 위해 실내환경에 대한 보다 많은 연구와 대책이 필요하다는 것을 제시하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구는 미용실을 대상으로 한 국내 최초의 VOCs 농도 측정결과라는 점에 의의가 있으며, 앞으로 미용실을 대상으로 한 유기화합물의 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다. The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting scalp hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals and from chemicals are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter (PM₁?) during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadway. Personal exposures to VOCs and PM₁? were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops, respectively. According to questionnaire, hairdressers responded sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as health effect symptoms. Conclusively, users as well as workers in beauty shop might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor sources and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper methods should be prepared to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shop.

나노입자 흡입독성연구를 위한 두부노출형 시험장치 구축 및 입자분포 특성연구

김종규,송세욱 한국실내환경학회 2014 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study is to validate and verify a head nose exposure inhalation system for nano particle inhalation toxicity studies. Carbon nano tube(CNT) particles were generated by a chemical vapor deposition(CVD) generator. And purchased single wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT) were generated by an atomizer. CNT particle distribution was measured by Scanning Nano-Particle Spectrometer(SNPS) and Condensation Particle Counter(CPC). Diameter and length of MWCNT generated by CVD were 10~40 nm and 220~20 µm respectively. Particle number concentration of MWCNT generated by CVD were 1.3×105 , 4.1×104,5.6×103#/cc in high, middle, low chamber respectively. Distribution of particles which were less than 100 nm was 45%. Particle number concentration of SWCNT generated by atomizer after magnetic stirring were 8.5×106,5.3×105 , 1.1×104#/cc and after sonication 6.7×106, 4.1×105 , 9.5×103#/cc in high, middle, low chambers respectively. Particle number concentration of SWCNT generated by atomizer after magnetic stirring were 6.7×106, 4.6×105, 8.6×103#/cc and after sonication 7.7×106, 5.1×105 , 1.3×104#/cc in high, middle, low chambers respectively. We set up head nose exposure inhalation system to conduct a study on nano particle inhalation toxicity. There were sufficient particle number concentrations of nano particles generated in each chamber.

경북도내 일부학교 교실의 실내공기질 평가

안상영(Sang-Young An),김모근(Mo-Geun Kim),김옥순(Ouk-Soon Kim),이용직(Yong-Jig Lee),나채근(Chae-Geun Na),이춘우(Choon-Woo Lee),박재형(Jae-Hyung Park) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.3 No.4

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality (IAQ) in elementary and middle schools in Gyeongbuk area from July to November 2006 . The measurements of indoor air pollutants were made to cover such components as PM-10, CO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃, HCHO, TVOC, TBC, and Radon from school classrooms. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: all of them were less than IAQ standards of Korea. The mean concentration were measured by 43.0 ㎍/㎥ (PM-10), 745 ppm (CO₂), 56.1 ㎍/㎥ (HCHO), 350 CFU/㎥ (TBC), 0.026 ppm (O₃), 0.6 ppm (CO), and 59.2 ㎍/㎥ (TVOC). Radon was not detected in all surveyed classrooms. The I/O ratio of PM-10 was 0.8∼1.4, while that for HCHO was 5.7∼9.0. Therefore, it was concluded that the indoor pollution of formaldehyde was very serious in classroom.

미세 환경 별 전자장 노출 특성

김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim),현연주(Youn-Joo Hyun),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),최성호(Sung-Ho Choi),이규수(Kyu-Soo Lee),홍승철(Seung-Cheol Hong) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Electromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of electromagnetic field, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances. The objectives of this study were to measure and analyze emitting characteristics of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field at micro-environments. We measured magnetic field at microenvironments such as home, school, educational institute, internet pc game room for children attending the primary school. The range of time weighted average (TWA) of 60 ㎐ EMF in micro-environment were 0.26~7.62 mG and the highest TWA 7.62 mG was measured in PC room possessed more than 50 computers. We will measure personal exposure levels of primary students and analyze correlation between major micro-environments and personal exposure level.

실내공기 중 휘발성유기화합물 측정의 불확도 평가

민유선(You- Sun Min),유연미(Yeun-Mee You),이승민(Seung-Min Lee),성민기(Min-Ki Sung),허귀석(Gwi-Suk Heo) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.3 No.3

Uncertainty evaluation was performed for the measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC) in indoor air. The analytical procedure and result were validated by evaluating every uncertainty source related to the measurement method. An easy approach for uncertainty evaluation for indoor VOC measurement was tested using relative standard uncertainty method which is simple in the evaluation of a measurement uncertainty in case of indoor VOC measurement. The measurement uncertainties of toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, styrene and o-xylene in indoor air are obtained as less than or close to 10%, and those results were validated by using Gum-workbench uncertainty evaluation program. Based on the evaluation, uncertainties were found to come largely from two major sources; uncertainty related to the concentration of standard Tenax tube which was used for calibration in measurement, and the to air sampling process. This study could be used as a good example in evaluating uncertainties in the measurement of indoor-air VOC at buildings including a newly-built apartment.

주거환경 실내공기 중 NO₂와 HONO 농도 본포 특성

김윤신,박찬정,김순신,신현우,이석용,이준혁,양원호,이철민 한국실내환경학회 2013 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.10 No.2

병원내 실내공기 중 휘발성유기화합물의 농도분포에 관한 연구

이철민(Cheol Min Lee)⋅김윤신(Yoon Shin Kim)⋅송민경(Min Kyung Song)⋅심인숙(In Suk Sim)⋅심상효(Sang Hyo Sim) 한국실내환경학회 2008 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.5 No.4

The airms of this study are to examine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in hospitals and to compare concentrations of VOCsin hospital with public facilities. Mean concentraton of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) in hospital was 103.97 ± 87.39 ㎍/㎥, that was lower than guideline of KMOE. The highest concentration of VOCs in hospital was 19.07 ± 13.47 ㎍/㎥ for Toluene. The distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution. As the result of Monte carlo simulation, the distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution with the exception of Toluene with normal distribution.

SST k-ω 모델을 이용한 독립건물 주변에서 악취물질의 확산 모의

김경진,한진석,공부주,정상진 한국실내환경학회 2014 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.13 No.4

In this study we investigated odor (hydrogen sulfide) dispersion around a cubic building by using commercial FLUENT CFD code. The FLUENT Shear-Stress Transport (hereafter SST) k-ω turbulence model was used to simulate odor dispersion from an odor source. The results were compared with a wind tunnel experiment and other simulation results. SST k-ω turbulence model provided good grounds for making reasonable predictions about the building surface concentrations and concentration profiles of selected leeward positions of the cubic building. It was found that a vent, which was positioned 7 m above the top of the square building center, decreased the plume length lower by 0.73 and increased the plume height by 1.43 compared to roof top vents. It was also found that by increasing the vent height there a corresponding decrease in the maximum dimensionless concentration around the roof surface.

자동 베이크 아웃을 이용한 신축 아파트의 휘발성 유기화합물 및 포름알데히드 제거효과

이갑수(Kab-Soo Lee),김형진(Hyung-Jin Kim),김상식(Sang-Sik Kim),조진규(Jin-Kyu Cho),이준범(Jun-Bum Lee) 한국실내환경학회 2011 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.8 No.4

A bake-out process using auto switchgear was carried out to evaluate the reduction effect of the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde in ne摷猀-built apartments for seven days. The reduction rate of VOCs was observed as followings: 19%, 38%, 89%, 90%, and 96% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene, respectively, which satisfies at the indoor air quality搀攀栀礀ndards of ne摷猀-built apartment houses in Korea. The reduction rate of formaldehyde was 75%. Those results proved that the bake-out process using auto switchgear was effective for reducing indoor air pollutants.

다중이용시설내 냉각탑수 및 실내공기에 존재하는 레지오넬라균 조사

방선재(Seon-Jae Bang),박용배(Yong-Bae Park),강정복(Jeong-Bok Kang),김중범(Jung-Beom Kim),김종찬(Jong-Chan Kim) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the presence of L. pneumophila in indoor air and water collected from 692 air conditioning cooling towers at different public facilities. For these 4 years (2001~2004) of investigation, water samples were collected in high air conditioner operating month (from July to September) at department stores, hotels, offices, hospitals, discount stores, and public agencies. It was found that L. pneumophila was present in water samples from 47 air conditioning cooling towers. The detection rate of L. pneumophila was 7.6% in 2001, 10.7% in 2002, and 9.5% in 2003, respectively. When we compared the 4 air conditioner operating months, the highest rate of L. pneumophila detection was obtained in the water samples of July. The detection rate of L. pneumophila differed among different facilities. The highest detection rate of 17.9% was found in samples from department stores. L. pneumophila was detected similarly in water samples from hospitals (8.3%) and offices (8.2%). pH, temperature, and turbidity in the 47 L. pneumophila positive water samples ranged from pH 7 to 9, from 25℃ to 38℃, and from 1.0 to 3.5, respectively.