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후발 소비재 기업의 "OEM함정" 탈출과 OBM 이행 과정의 분석: 한국 3개 기업의 사례
박원명 ( Won Myung Park ),김성희 ( Sung Hee Kim ),김윤지 ( Yoon Zi Kim ),이근 ( Keun Lee ) 기술경영경제학회 2007 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.15 No.2
A typical small firm in consumer goods sectors of developing countries is an OEM supplier to big MNCs. Lacking design and marketing capability, a small firm relies on the MNCs for survival but their long term growth is not guaranteed as the MNCs are always looking for, and ready to relocate to, cheaper production sites. In this light, we can say that there is something like "OEM trap" from which most firms from LDCs find difficult to move out (Lee 2005). In this situation, one way for long term growth and catch-up is to make a transition to the OBM (own brand manufacturer). But, the transition is not easy or even risky. This paper analyzes the cases of three companies in Korea to find out common features in their successful transition to OBM. They are Aurora World (a flush toy maker), Hankook Chinaware (a chinaware maker ), and Hanacobi (a plastic-made food container maker with the Lock-and-Lock brand). These firms can be commonly characterized by 1) arranging access to external knowledge base and steady increase of in-house R&D efforts and capabilities leading to acquisition of formal IPRs and their management, and 2) establishment of global production networks with factories in lower-income countries as well as their own independent global marketing network.
한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2021 (I) : 주요우울삽화의 치료 전략
우영섭(Young Sup Woo),박원명(Won-Myong Bahk),서정석(Jeong Seok Seo),박영민(Young-Min Park),김원(Won Kim),정종현(Jong-Hyun Jeong),심세훈(Se-Hoon Shim),이정구(Jung Goo Lee),장승호(Seung-Ho Jang),왕성민(Sheng-Min Wang),정명훈(Myung Hun 대한신경정신의학회 2021 신경정신의학 Vol.60 No.3
Objectives The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) is a consensus-based medication guideline. To reflect advances in pharmacotherapy for depressive disorders, we have undertaken a fourth revision of the KMAP-DD. Methods The review committee for the new version of the KMAP-DD (KMAP-DD 2021) included 143 Korean psychiatrists with clinical experience in the field of depressive disorders. Each treatment strategy or treatment option was evaluated with an overall score of nine, and the treatment option was categorized into the three levels of recommendation of primary, secondary, and tertiary. Results The first-line pharmacotherapeutic strategy for mild to moderate major depressive episodes (MDE) was antidepressant (AD) monotherapy. For severe MDE without psychotic features, AD monotherapy or the combination of AD and atypical antipsychotics (AAP) was the first-line strategy. The combination of AD and AAP was recommended as the first-line for the MDE with psychotic features as well. When treatment response to initial AD monotherapy was insufficient, a combination of AAP or another AD was recommended. In the case of unsatisfactory response to initial treatment with an AD and AAP combination, switching to another AAP or adding another AD was recommended. Conclusion Generally, there were no significant changes in the recommendations for MDE management in the KMAP-DD 2021 compared to previous versions. However, it was notable that the preference for the use of AAP and AD with the novel mechanism of action including vortioxetine and agomelatine increased.
한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2021 (II) : 임상 아형
박영민(Young-Min Park),서정석(Jeong Seok Seo),우영섭(Young Sup Woo),박원명(Won-Myong Bahk),김원(Won Kim),정종현(Jong-Hyun Jeong),심세훈(Se-Hoon Shim),이정구(Jung Goo Lee),장승호(Seung-Ho Jang),왕성민(Sheng-Min Wang),정명훈(Myung Hun 대한신경정신의학회 2021 신경정신의학 Vol.60 No.3
Objectives The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) was developed in 2002 and revised in 2006, 2012, 2017. In 2021, the fifth edition was published. This edition reflected new findings and the latest trends in the areas of pharmacological treatment. The aim of this study is to present strategies and treatment options according to the subtype of depression using data from the KMAP-DD-2021. Methods Ninety-seven psychiatrists with clinical experience in depressive disorder were selected. The questionnaires for KMAP-DD 2021 were sent to participants via mail. KMAP-DD 2021 consists of overall treatment strategies and treatment options under specific circumstances. Each treatment strategy or treatment option was evaluated with an overall score of nine and was divided into the three phases of recommendation that include primary, secondary, and tertiary. Results For persisting depressive disorder, antidepressant monotherapy including selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (escitalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine), serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) (desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran), vortioxetine, and mirtazapine, was recommended as first-line medications. For melancholia of major depressive disorder, SSRI, SNRI, vortioxetine, and mirtazapine also were recommended as first-line medications. For mixed features, SSRI, bupropion, mirtazapine, SNRI, except for duloxetine, and milnacipran were recommended as first-line medications. For anxious distress, SSRI, mirtazapine, and SNRI, except milnacipran, were recommended as first-line medications. Conclusion The preferences of antidepressants by experts differed according to the subtype of depression. These findings suggest that experts treat patients with a major depressive disorder after considering the subtype of depression involved.
Haloperidol의 약물속도론적 연구 (III) -정신분열증 환자에 있어서 Haloperidol의 일회 주사 및 경구투여시의 Pharmacokinetics-
박경호(Kyoung Ho Park),이민화(Min Hwa Lee),이명걸(Myung Gull Lee),권준수(Jun Soo Kwon),박원명(Won Myung Park),박진생(Jin Seng Park) 대한약학회 1990 약학회지 Vol.34 No.6
The pharmacokinetics of haloperidol were determined after single oral and intravenous doses in 13 male schizophrenic patients. Plasma concentrations of haloperidol(HP) and reduced haloperidol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration data obtained were analyzed by obth model dependent (one-or two exponential decay models using nonlinear regression) and model independent (AUC and first moment curve) approaches. The two methods were found to be in close results. After intravenous injections of HP in 8 patients (10 mg/man), the mean central and peripheral volume of distribution were 2.85+/-1.7O and 8.09+/-2.10 l/kg, respectively, and mean steady, state volume of distribution was 11.87+/-3.21 l/kg. Mean clearance, MRT and elimination half life were 12.39+/-3.25 ml/min/kg, 925.1O+/-166.79 min and 676.35+/-126.45 min,respectively. After oral administrations of HP in 5 patients, mean peak time and peak concentration were 2l7.63+/-61.60min and 9.77+/-2.92ng/ml, respectively. Mean MRT and elimination half life were 1112.23+/-131.73 min and 724.02+/-120.03 min, respectively, and these parameters were not significantly different from those of intravenous injection of HP. Absolute bioavailability of HP oral product was found to be about 44%. The profiles of plasma RH concentration-time curves after oral or intravenous doses of HP were similar. Also it was found that the elimination rate of RH was slower than that of HP by comparing the slopes of plasma concentration-time curves of HP and RH.
Korean Medication Algorithm for Depressive Disorder 2021, Fourth Revision: An Executive Summary
Jeong Seok Seo,박원명,Young Sup Woo,Young-Min Park,Won Kim,Jong Hyun Jeong,Se-Hoon Shim,Jung Goo Lee,Seung-Ho Jang,Chan-Mo Yang,Sheng Min Wang,Myung Hun Jung,Hyung Mo Sung,IL Han Choo,Bo-Hyun Yoon,이상열,전덕 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.4
Objective: In the 19 years since the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology and the Korean Society for Affective Disorders developed the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) in 2002, four revisions have been conducted. Methods: To increase survey efficiency in this revision, to cover the general clinical practice, and to compare the results with previous KMAP-DD series, the overall structure of the questionnaire was maintained. The six sections of the questionnaire were as follows: 1) pharmacological treatment strategies for major depressive disorder (MDD) with/without psychotic features; 2) pharmacological treatment strategies for persistent depressive disorder and other depressive disorder subtypes; 3) consensus for treatment-resistant depression; 4) the choice of an antidepressant in the context of safety, adverse effects, and comorbid physical illnesses; 5) treatment strategies for special populations (children/adolescents, elderly, and women); and 6) non-pharmacological biological therapies. Recommended first-, second-, and third-line strategies were derived statistically. Results: There has been little change in the four years since KMAP-DD 2017 due to the lack of newly introduced drug or treatment strategies. However, shortened waiting time between the initial and subsequent treatments, increased preference for atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), especially aripiprazole, and combination strategies with AAPs yield an active and somewhat aggressive treatment trend in Korea. Conclusion: We expect KMAP-DD to provide clinicians with useful information about the specific strategies and medications appropriate for treating patients with MDD by bridging the gap between clinical real practice and the evidence- based world.
신병철,정원명,박상현,이규일,박경배,박진호 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2
Manufacturing facilities of the pharmaceuticals must meet certain level of the cleanness required so that foreign substances such as dust, moisture, heat, microorganism, or virus do not contaminate the product. In case of radiopharmaceuticals for medical treatment and diagnosis, not only should the operators and environment be protected from radiation but also need to be isolated from the foreign contaminant. Therefore, manufacturing facilities for radiopharmaceuticals must satisfy the design standards of both hot cell and clean room which are specified by GNP. However, standards of maintaining negative pressure for preventing spread of radioactive contaminant in isolated facilities conflict with the standards of maintaining positive pressure for keeping cleanness. To solve this problem, are pressure of hot cell was designed lower than in the adjacent area to meet standards of the radiation safety. To keep higher cleanness in certain part of the hot cell for filling, minimal relative positive pressure allows. In order to effectively maintain the cleanness that is required for production of Tc-99m generator, which takes 70% of whole demand of radiopharmaceuticals, the rooms placed in each side of production room are used as a buffer area and three lead hot cells are installed in production room. In this research, we established the appropriate engineered design concept for Tc-99m generator manufacturing facility, which satisfies both GMP cleanness standard for preventing particles, bacteria, other contaminants and the regulations of radiation safety for supervising and controlling the amount of radiation exposure and exhausted radioactivity. And the concept of multi-buffer zones is introduced to apply negative air pressure for hot cell with first priority and to continue relative positive air pressure for clean room.