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유전 및 육종 : 자연산이 도입된 넙치 기초집단의 11개월령 성장형질에 대한 유전모수 추정
김현철 ( Hyun Chul Kim ),노재구 ( Jae Koo Noh ),이정호 ( Jong Ho Lee ),박철지 ( Choul Ji Park ),민병화 ( Byung Hwa Min ),김경길 ( Kyung Kil Kim ),김종현 ( Jong Hyun Kim ),이정규 ( Jung Gyu Lee ),명정인 ( Jeong In Myeong ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.2
본 연구는 넙치의 선발 육종을 위한 유전적 다양성이 확보된 기초집단을 만들기 위해 2005년에 수집한 자연산과 양식산 친어를 이용하여 생산된 기초집단의 부화 후 11개월령 체중, 전장, 체고, 체형지수 및 비만도 측정치의 유전력 및 이들 형질간의 유전상관과 표현형상관을 추정하였다. 넙치 기초집단의 부화 후 11개월령 체중, 전장, 체고, 체형지수 및 비만도의 유전력은 각각 0.754, 0.753, 0.789, 0.438, 0.369로 추정되었으며, 체중과 전장, 체고, 체형지수 및 비만도간의 유전상관은 각각 0.969, 0.960, -0.403, 0.623으로 추정되었고, 전장과 체고, 체형지수 및 비만도간의 유전상관을 각각 0.960, -0.344, 0.469로 추정되었으며, 체형지수와 비만도간의 유전상관은 -0.726으로 추정되었다. 자연산이 도입된 넙치 기초집단의 부화 후 11개월령 넙치의 체중, 전장, 체고 등 성장형질의 유전력은 대체적으로 높게 추정되어 개체선발을 통한 개량이 가능할 것으로 나타났으며, 체중, 전장, 체고 등의 성장형질과 체형지수간의 유전상관 및 표현형 상관은 낮은 부의 상관관계를 보여 넙치 성장도 향상과 체형개선을 목적으로한 선발육종을 위해서는 체중과 체형지수에 가중치를 부여한 선발지수를 이용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 보인다. This study estimated the genetic parameters of growth-related traits from 11-month-old olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) base population in which wild and cultured broodstocks were introduced. The heritability of body weight, total length, body height, body shape, and condition factor of the base population was estimated to be 0.754, 0.753, 0.789, 0.438, and 0.369, respectively. Genetic correlations between body weight and total length, between body weight and body height, and between total length and body height were 0.969, 0.960, and 0.960, respectively, showing highly positive correlation. Genetic correlations between body weight and body shape, between total length and body shape, between body height and body shape were -0.403, -0.344, and -0593, respectively, showing low negative correlation. Overall, olive flounder might be an appropriate selective breeding species with the high heritability of the traits in an 11-month-old population.
유전적 다양성이 고려되지 않은 어미 관리에 의한 양식 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 유전적 다양성의 변화
노재구 ( Jae Koo Noh ),김현철 ( Hyun Chul Kim ),박철지 ( Choul Ji Park ),이정호 ( Jeong Ho Lee ),김종현 ( Jong Hyun Kim ),이미숙 ( Mi Sug Lee ),김우진 ( Woo Jin Kim ),김경길 ( Kyung Kil Kim ),명정인 ( Jeong In Myeong ) 한국어류학회 2008 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.20 No.4
우리나라의 주요 양식 대상종인 넙치에 있어 유전적 조성에 대한 고려없이 구성된 양식 넙치 어미 집단에서 세대의 경과에 따른 집단의 유전적 다양성의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 총 8개의 microsatellite DNA markers를 이용하여 분석하였다. 동일한 수정란 생산업체에서 2003년에 생산된 양식 넙치와, 동일한 집단내에서 생산된 넙치로 어미 그룹이 완전히 교체된 2006년 및 2007년에 생산된 넙치 집단을 비교한 결과, 대립유전자 수와 이형접합기대치의 비교에서 2003년산 집단의 경우 9.75개와 0.796에서 2006년 7.78개와 0.785로 유전적 다양성이 다소 감소되는 경향이었다. 또한 대립유전자의 빈도에 있어서도 몇몇 대립유전자의 경우 소실되거나 빈도에 변화를 보이는 등 왜곡되어 나타났다. 그러나 여러 가지 다양성 지표들에서 수치상 감소를 나타내고 있는 이러한 결과들은 비록 유의적인 수준에서 유전적 다양성의 축소라고는 판단되지 않지만 양식 넙치 집단이 HWE에 어긋나 있어 세대가 진행될수록 집단의 유전적 다양성은 감소될 것으로 예상되었다. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the most popular farmed fish in Korea. Genetic variability of the fish was investigated by means of microsatellite DNA markers. All of the 8 microsatellite loci were analyzed in this study. For the confirmation of genetic variation during a shift in generation, microsatellite variability was compared within the same hatchery strains but produced in different spawning years. When genetic variability of farmed flounders produced in 2006 and 2007 was compared with that of 2003, a marked reduction of genetic variability was observed in the 2006 and 2007 populations. Mean number of alleles per locus and expected mean heterozygosity decreased from 9.75 and 0.796 (in 2003 population) to 7.78 and 0.785 (in 2006 population), respectively. Moreover, we have observed the distortion of allele frequency. These results show that reduced genetic variability of farmed olive flounder in processed generation has lower numbers of alleles and genetic variability than these of wild fish. Our results suggest that to have a sustainable aquaculture of this species, there is need for scientific broodstock management based on genetic variation and more intensive breeding practices to improve genetic diversity and to avoid detrimental inbreeding effects.
GTD111M 초내열합금에서 응고속도 및 온도구배가 일방향응고 조직 에 미치는 영향
예대희,김현철,이재현,유영수,조창용,Ye, Dae-Hee,Kim, Cyun-Choul,Lee, Je-Hyun,Yoo, Young-Soo,Jo, Chang-Yong 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.12
Morphological evolution and growth mechanism at the solid/liquid interface during solidification were investigated in the Ni-base superalloy GTD111M by directional soldification and quenching(DSQ) technique. The experiments were conducted by changing solidification rate(V) and thermal gradient(G) which are major solidification process variables. High thermal gradient condition could be obtained by increasing the furnace temperature and closely attaching the heating and cooling zones in the Bridgeman type furnace. The dendritic/equiaxed transition was found in the G/V value lower than $0.05$\times$10{^3}^{\circ}C$s/$\textrm{mm}^2$, and the planar interface of the MC-${\gamma}$ eutectic was found under $17 $\times$ 10{^3}^{\circ}C$ s/$\textrm{mm}^2$. It was confirmed that the dendrite spacing depended on the cooling rate(GV), and the primary spacing was affected by the thermal gradient more than solidification rate. The dendrite lengths were decreased as increasing the thermal graditne, and the dendrite tip temperature was close to the liquidus temperature at $50 \mu\textrm{m}$/s.
넙치(Pralichthys olivaceus)의 혈액건강지표의 활동일주기와 단기절식에 따른 생리적 반응
노경언,김우진,김현철,박철지,박종원,Noh, Gyeong Eon,Kim, Woo-Jin,Kim, Hyun Chul,Park, Choul-Ji,Park, Jong-Won 한국수산과학회 2017 한국수산과학회지 Vol.50 No.5
This study was conducted to determine the circadian rhythm and the effect of starvation for the health assessment of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, reared under 12:12 LD (light:dark) cycle and fed 1% of their body weight once a day. The blood collection was implemented from 10 fish every 3 hours for a day, and analyzed to serval health parameters of the experimental fish. Plasma cortisol, glucose and total protein concentration reflected diel rhythms with high level of photophase and low level of scotophse despites of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) showing no rhythmicity, while electrolyte (sodium, potassium and chloride ion) concentrations arrived at the peak 18 hour and then slowly down. In the experiment of starvation, the result showed that there were no significant differences of the health parameters between the starved group and the fed. In short, our findings described the existence of circadian cortisol with glucose in flat fish, and indicated that the starvation does not almost affect the health of fish.
저수온 스트레스에 의한 북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai의 생리학적 반응
박철지,민병화,김관석,이장욱,이정호,노재구,김현철,박종원,명정인,Park, Choul-Ji,Min, Byung-Hwa,Kim, Kwan-Sock,Lee, Jang-Wook,Lee, Jeong-Ho,Noh, Jae-Koo,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Park, Jong-Won,Myeong, Jeong-In 한국패류학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.27 No.4
본 연구는 북방전복 (H. discus hannai) 의 겨울철 저수온으로 발생하는 폐사원인 규명을 위한 생리학적인 반응을 조사하기 위하여 수온 $12^{\circ}C$를 대조구로 $7^{\circ}C$ 및 $4^{\circ}C$의 실험구를 설정하고 10일간에 걸쳐 생존율, 항산화효소의 활성 및 총 단백질 농도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 $7^{\circ}C$ 저수온 실험구에서는 SOD 활성 및 총 단백질 농도가 대조구와 차이를 나타내지 않았으며 생존율은 90.8%를 나타내었다. 반면에 $4^{\circ}C$ 저수온 실험구에서는 SOD 활성은 노출직후에 급격히 상승하여 12시간째까지 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 또한 총 단백질 농도에 있어서는 24시간째부터 실험종료 시까지 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 생존율은 3일째 10마리의 폐사를 시작으로 10일째 전 개체가 페사하였다. 이상의 결과로 북방전복 (H. discus hannai) 은 $7^{\circ}C$의 저수온 실험구에서는 다양한 생리적 기작을 이용하여 생존이 가능한 반면에 $4^{\circ}C$의 저수온 실험구에서는 생리적 순응반응을 나타내고 있으나 방어기작의 한계를 벗어나 생존이 불가능하다고 추정된다. This study was performed to obtain the basic data on physiological responses of low water temperature stress of the cultured Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Abalones were exposed at low water temperatures of $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$. We have investigated survival rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total protein (TP) in the abalone by the exposure times (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72, 120, 168 and 216 hours). Survival rate of the abalone at $7^{\circ}C$ experiment was 90.8%, whereas at $4^{\circ}C$ experiment was 0% after exposure 10 days. SOD activity was significantly increased until 12 hours after exposure to $4^{\circ}C$, and then was recovered to starting level after 24 hours. However, there was no significant difference between control ($12^{\circ}C$) and $7^{\circ}C$ experiments. TP was significantly increased until 216 hours after 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ experiment, but $7^{\circ}C$ experiment showed no significant differences compared to control ($12^{\circ}C$) experiment. Therefore, H. discus hannai was acclimated in low water temperature stress at $7^{\circ}C$, but at $4^{\circ}C$, all abalone died possibly because they exceed the limits of defense ability to too low temperature.
Young Mee Lee(이영미),Jung-Eun Kim(김정은),Jae Koo Noh(노재구),Hyun Chul Kim(김현철),Choul-Ji Park(박철지),Jong-Won Park(박종원),Kyung-Kil Kim(김경길),Jeong-Ho Lee(이정호) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.12
활성산소종(ROS)은 환경 스트레스 및 병원체의 침입에 의한 산화 대사의 자연적인 산물로써 생물에서 생산된다. 산화적 스트레스에 의해 생성되는 superoxide 음이온 및 과산화수소와 같은 ROS는 세포와 조직에 독성을 나타낼 수 있고, 이 과정에 관여하는 superoxide dismutase (SOD)는 중요한 metalloenzyme이다. 최근 연구는 올리브 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서 SOD의 부분 유전자가 benzo[a]pyrene에 의해 강하게 발현이 유도되고 산화스트레스 반응의 지표라고 확인하였지만, 바이러스성 감염에 대한 전사적 반응에 대해서는 조사되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 항바이러스 반응에서 넙치 SOD의 기능을 알아보기 위해 공간 및 시간적 발현 프로파일을 분석하였다. 넙치 SOD 전사체는 정도의 차이는 있지만 다양한 기관에서 보편적으로 발현되었으며, 근육, 간, 뇌에서는 높게 발현되었고, 위와 비장에서는 상대적으로 낮게 발현되었다. VHSV 감염 후 넙치 콩팥에서 SOD 발현은 3시간 이내에 증가하였으며 점차적으로 감소하여 감염 2일째 원래 수준으로 돌아갔다. 검사 조직에 따라 발현이 유도되는 시간의 차이는 있지만 근육, 간, 뇌에서도 콩팥과 유사한 발현양상을 보였으며, 공통적으로 급성적 면역반응에서는 발현이 증가하지만 만성적 면역반응에서는 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 넙치 SOD는 넙치(P. olivaceus)의 면역 방어 시스템에 중요한 역할을 하고 넙치의 산화 스트레스에 대한 보호 효과에 기여할 것으로 기대할 수 있다. Superoxide dismutase is a family of important antioxidant metalloenzymes and catalyzes the dismutation of toxic superoxide anions into dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide. A recent study identified the partial superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The same study reported that it strongly induced benzo[a]pyrene and that it was an indicator of aquatic oxidative stress responses. However, its transcriptional response against viral infection has not been investigated. In the present study, the spatial and temporal expression profiles were analyzed to investigate the function of Of-SOD in the antiviral response. The Of-SOD transcripts were ubiquitously detected at various levels in diverse tissues in a real-time PCR. The expression of Of-SOD was significantly higher in the muscles, liver, and brain but extremely low in the stomach and spleen. Following a VHSV challenge, the expression of Of-SOD increased within 3 h in the kidneys and decreased to the original level 2 days postchallenge. In muscle, liver, and brain, Of-SOD mRNA was similarly up-regulated at 3?6 h postchallenge and then decreased to the basal level. Although the expression pattern and induction time differed slightly depending on the tissue, the transcript of Of-SOD consistently increased in the acute infection response, but the expression was low in the chronic response. The expression of Of-SOD was induced after the VHSV infection, and Of-SOD was probably involved in the immune response against the viral challenge. These results suggest that SOD may play important roles in the immune defense system of P. olivaceus and perhaps contribute to the protective effects against oxidative stress in olive flounder.
넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus 발생단계별 galectin-1 유전자의 발현 분석
장민석 ( Min Seok Jang ),이영미 ( Young Mee Lee ),양현 ( Hyun Yang ),이정호 ( Jeong Ho Lee ),노재구 ( Jae Koo Noh ),김현철 ( Hyun Chul Kim ),박철지 ( Choul Ji Park ),박종원 ( Jong Won Park ),황인준 ( In Joon Hwang ),김성연 ( Sung 한국어병학회 2013 한국어병학회지 Vol.26 No.3
The innate immune response is fundamental defense response of vertebrates and invertebrates. Especially, the innate immune response important for larvae that lack of resistance to infectious diseases in the early stages. Galectin is one of the kinds of lectin and presents in the fish mucous that involves innate immune response. Galectin have been studied from various fishing species, but expression analysis of galectin is still unclear during early developmental stage in olive flounder. In this study, we investigated gene expression of galectin-1 from various developmental stage and tissues. We excised several tissues including the muscle, fin, eye, gill, brain, stomach, intestine, kidney, spleen and liver from adult olive flounder and confirmed gene expression of galectin-1 using RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of galectin-1 was significantly higher in muscle, stomach and intestinal tissue than other tissue in adult fish (5 and 29 months). Also, galectin-1 gene was detected from 0 DAH and gradually increased to 35 DAH and since then decreased after stomach development period. Induction of galectin-1 during the early developmental stage suggest that muscle, fin and eye tissue is formed and begins the secretion of galectin this period. In addition, increased expression levels at 35 DAH suggest that due to complete formation of stomach and intestine, increase of secretion and activation of enzyme. This study shows that expression of galectin-1 during early developmental stages and adult period in olive flounder and can be expect that galectin-1 play essental role in the innate immune system throughout the whole life time. Galectin-1 is primary barrier such as skin and digestive tissue against pathogen infection, also digestive tract developmental period is important for pathogen invasion can be expected that it will serve. Mass mortality due to the disease in seed production is continuing damage, therefore these result will be meaningful about infectious disease during early developmental stages as a basic data for the study.