최근 한국 정당의 개혁조치에 대한 평가

김용호(Yong-Ho Kim) 한국정당학회 2008 한국정당학회보 Vol.7 No.1

이 글의 목적은 2002년 3김 은퇴 이후 한국정당이 시도한 개혁조치를 평가하고, 향후 새로운 정당발전 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 평가의 대상은 지구당 폐지, 지지자중심의 정당 만들기, 원내정당화, 국민참여경선제, 당정분리 등이다. 이러한 개혁조치는 3김 정당정치의 폐해인 고비용 정당구조, 머신정당, 비민주적 공천제도, 제왕적 총재문제 등을 해결하는 데 상당히 기여하였다. 그러나 이러한 개혁조치들이 예상하지 못한 새로운 문제점을 초래하였는 바, 기존의 지방정당조직과 당원의 충성심을 약화시켜 정당조직의 역할이 매우 축소되는 바람에 미디어와 시민단체와 네티즌집단 등의 정치적 영향력이 상대적으로 강화되었다. 앞으로 한국정당은 국민의 생활정치 요구를 입법화하여 삶의 질을 향상시킴으로써 정당지지자를 많이 모아서 명실상부한 대중정당을 건설하는 것이다. The major purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent reforms which South Korean political parties have so far made since political retirement of the longtime party leaders often called “three Kims” in 2002. These reforms include the legal abolition of the local party chapters at the electoral district-level, the introduction of U. S.-style primary system to elect presidential candidate, some attempts to transform a machine-type party into a parliamentary-oriented party for the autonomy of the party’s parliamentary members, and the reorientation of the member-centered party management into the supporter-oriented one. These reforms certainly contributed to a certain degree to the elimination of some negative aspects of the “three-Kims-style” party politics. At the same time, these reforms had also brought some “unintended” consequences of weakening the party's organizational strength as well as the partisan loyalty of party members. Hereafter, the South Korean parties need to cultivate their support bases at the grass-roots level by providing more substantial benefits to the voters with the effective legislation of the economic and social polices.

막스 프리쉬(Max Frisch)의 《만리장성》연구 -개방형식을 중심으로-

김용호 ( Kim Yong Ho ) 한국연극교육학회 2002 연극교육연구 Vol.8 No.-

Fu¨r Max Frisch ist das Theater das Leben und das Leben ist das Theater. Er erkla¨rt seine Motive zum Schreiben, Ich mo¨chte antworten, aus Trieb, aus Spieltrieb […] Frisch la¨ßt den Menschen, der naiv ist und die Situation um ihn herum nicht erkennen kann, Selbsterfahrung sammeln, wie er selbst es auch gemacht hat. Aber die Lo¨sungen sind immer offen. Das Stu¨ck hat drei Handlungsstra¨nge. Die Haupthandlung ist das chinesische Geschehen. Die literarischen und die historischen Masken bestreiten die erste Nebenhandlung. Die zweite Nebenhandlung wird getragen von dem Heutigen im chinesischen Geschehen. Die chinesische Handlung folgt der traditionellen Struktur, in den fu¨nf Stufen, aber kehrt schließlich zum Anfang zuru¨ck. Innerhalb der drei großen Handlungsstra¨nge gibt es noch mehrere kleinere Handlungsstra¨nge, die keine geschlossene Kontinuita¨t, sondern nur punktuelle Begebnisfolgen ohne szenische Bindung. Wie die Haupthandlung wiederholt sich, kehrt zum Ausgangspunkt zuru¨ck, ebenso die Gesamthandlung, d.h. das ganze Drama kehrt zum Ausgangspunkt. Die Handlungsdauer des Dramas betra¨gt ungefa¨hr 2000 Jahre. Die 2000 Jahre sind eine lange Zeit. Sie la¨uft nicht nacheinander und sukzessiv ab, sondern Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft sind miteinander vermischt. Also ist Aufeinanderfolge von Zeit und Raum zersto¨rt. Das Stu¨ck hat 3 Zeitzonen, die in der totalen Handlungen miteinander vermischt sind. Es hat den Ausschein, als sei die Zeit aufgehoben, weil das Spiel sich wiederholt. Die Zeit funktioniert auch direkt im Geschehen. Die Bu¨hne ist diese Bu¨hne. Diese Bu¨hne ist ganz einfach und bleibt wa¨hrend der totalen Handlung gleich. Aber die wichtigere Bu¨hne ist unser Bewußt sein, wie Max Frisch selbst sagt, in dem das Drama sich ganz abspielt. Die Requisiten, die Ra¨umlichkeit haben, und Personen zersto¨ren die Einheit von Zeit und Raum. Die Zigaretten, die Gla¨sser, die Fa¨cher, sogar die Kleider der Prizessin Mee Lan und des Prinzen Wu Tsiang setzen sich u¨ber alles hinweg, zersto¨ren clie Einheit von Zeit und Raum. Die etwa 30 Personen der Trago¨die und auch der Komo¨die im geschlossenen Drama treten in diesem Stu¨ck auf. Die Personen von hohen Stand haben charakterliche Reife und Vollendung zur Person, aber Hwang Ti und Prizessin Mee Lan zeigen Unfertigkeiten und Unvollkommenheiten, weil ihre Worte und Taten nicht miteinander in Einklang stehen. Wa¨hrend des Gerichts in Szene 18 kommt Hwang Ti zu schroffen Gefu¨hlsumbru¨chen, und sein Verhalten Wird wilder. Innere Bewegung des Menschen, die im geschlossenen Drama zum Bewußtsein kommt, wird mimisch in den Raum verla¨ngert. Bis zu Szene 13 treten neue Personen kontinuierlich auf. In Szene 1 und 3 treten fast alle Personen auf, aber Prinzessin Mee Lan erscheint sich allein in Szene 8, Hwang Ti allein in Szene 11, Prinz Wu Tsiang allein in Szene 15. Die Szenen, in denen viele Personen auftreten, stehen im Kontrast zu Szenen, in der nur eine Person auftritt. Man kann sagen, daß Hwang Ti, der Heutige, der Stumme, Prizessin Mee Lan, Prinz Wu Tsiang und die Mutter des Stummen die Hauptpersonen des Stu¨ckes sind. Neben den 6 Hauptpersonen gibt es auch eine Fu¨lle von Neben-oder Randpersonen, die ausschließlich atomospha¨rische Funktion haben. Das sind der Mandarin und die Masken, Iwan der Schreckliche, Pestalozzi, Henry Dunant, Emile Zola. Sie sagen nur ein Wort oder wiederholen die gleichen Worte. Henry Dunant sogar spielt nur pantomimisch, ohne Worte. Romeo, Juliet und Brutus sprechen in Versen und die anderen Personen in Prosa. Inconnuede la Seine singt in Frazo¨sisch, und Emile Zola sagt nur ein Satz J`Accuse. Fast alle Dialoge werden in Umgangssprache gesprochen. Aber Philipp von Spanien spricht in der dritten Person statt in zweiten, wenn er zu dem Heutigen spricht. So wird die Sprache mehrschichtig. In Szene 3 versucht der Heutige ernsten und ho¨flichen Dialog zu machen, wa¨hrend Kellner die gleichen Worte

장막 침윤이 없는 위암 환자에서 수술 후 보조적 화학 요법에 대한 전향적 연구 -중간 보고-

김용호,김병식,이창환,김완수,육정환,오성태,박건춘,Kim Yong-Ho,Kim Byung-Sik,Lee Chang-Hwan,Kim Wan Su,Yook Jung-Whan,Oh Sung-Tae,Park Kun-Choon 대한위암학회 2001 대한위암학회지 Vol.1 No.4

Purpose: We have carried out prospective randomized clinical trial to compare survival benefit and side effect among three postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens in serosa-negative gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Total 317 cases were recognized as serosa negative and randomized into three groups at operating room. Out of them, 172 cases were excluded because of various reasons and 135 cases were analyzed finally; Group A 36 cases, Group B 49 cases, Group C 50 cases. Group A were treated with intravenous FP combination therapy, group B with MF combination therapy and group C with oral $UFT^{(R)}$ (mixture of Tegafur and Uracil) for one year. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Results: $88.9\%$ of Group A, $83.7\%$ of Group B and $90.4\%$ of Group C received adequate chemotherapy. The complication rates of Group A ($44.4\%$) was significantly higher than group B ($20.4\%$) and group C ($24.0\%$)(P<0.05). Most frequent complications were nausea and vomiting. The 3-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates were $92.2\%$ and $89.9\%$ respectively (Group A: $96.6\%,\;87.8\%$, B: $90.3\%,\;87.7\%$, C: $95.7\%,\;93.8\%$). There were no significant differences in survival rate and disease-free survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study might suggest that the survival benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore it may be a useful adjunct tool for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in combination with other conventional techniques.

골유착성 임플랜트 보철물 장착시 하악골의 탄성변형 및 응력분포에 관한 삼차원 유한요소법적 연구

김용호,김영수,김창회,Kim, Yong-Ho,Kim, Yung-Soo,Kim, Chang-Whe 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

The human mandible is always under the condition of loading by the various forces extorted by the attached muscles. The loading is an important condition of the stomatognathic system. This condition is composed of the direction and amount of forces of the masticatory muscles, which are controlled by the neuromuscular system, and always influenced by the movement of both opening and closing. Mandible is a strong foundation for the teeth or various prostheses, nevetheless it is a elastic body which accompanies deformation by the external forces on it. The elastic properties of the mandible is influenced by the various procedures such as conventional restorative treatments, osseointegrated implant treatments, reconstructive surgical procedures and so forth. Among the treatments the osseointegrated implant has no periodontal ligaments, which exist around the natural teeth to allow physiologic mobility in the alveolar socket. And so around the osseointegrated implant, there is almost no damping effect during the transmission of occlusal stress and displacements. If the osseointegrated implants are connected by the superstructure for the stabilization and effective distribution of occlusal stresses, the elastic properties of mandible is restricted according to the extent of 'splinting' by the superstructure and implants. To investigate the change of elastic behaviour of the mandible which has osseointegrated implant prosthesis of various numbers of implant installment and span of superstructre, a three dimensional finite element model was developed and analyzed with conditions mentioned above. The conclusions are as follows : 1. The displacements are primarily developed at the area of muscle attachment and distributed all around the mandible according to the various properties of bone. 2. The segmentation in the superstructure has few influence on the distribution of stress and displacement. 3. In the load case of ICP, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.22E+6N/m^2$) and at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($8.36E+6N/m^2$). 4. In the load case of INC, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.90E+6N/m^2$) and the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($2.38E+6N/m^2$)). 5. In the load case of UTCP, the relatively high concentration of tensional stress($3.66E+7N/m^2$) was observed at the internal surface of the condylar neck.

김정은 체제 외교정책변화의 결정요인 분석: 대북제재와 국내정치 동학

조현용 ( Jo Hyun-yong ),정기원 ( Jung Key-one ),김용호 ( Kim Yong-ho ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2019 국방연구 Vol.62 No.4

이 글은 2018년 정상회담을 계기로 나타난 김정은 외교정책 변화의 결정요인을 분석하고 있다. 보다 구체적으로 북한 외교정책의 변화를 대내외 변화에 대한 정치적 동학을 통해 규명함으로써 북한의 대내정치 과정에서 파생되는 정치변수들에 대한 분석 역시 한반도 비핵화를 둘러싼 국제정치적 동학 못지않게 중요한 작용을 하고 있음을 주장하고 있다. 독재체제의 정권유지와 경제발전에 대한 정치경제이론을 적용하여 이념 중립적 시각에서 정책변화의 동인을 추적하였으며 기존연구들이 간과해 온 국제환경과 국내정치 간의 상호작용 동학에 의한 변화라는 대안적 분석틀을 제시했다. 이 과정을 통해 도출된 외교정책변화의 핵심변수는 대외요인으로 ‘자원권력’, 국내정치요인으로 지도자의 ‘정치적 생존’과 ‘정치체제’로 나타났다. 김정은 정권의 외교정책변화는 경제제재에 의한 북중무역의 붕괴로 촉발된 것으로 분석되며, 내부적으로 지배연합에 대한 통제력 강화, 군부의 정치 영향력 축소, 제도적으로 당-국가체제 확립을 통한 국내정치적 필요라는 변수가 작용한 것으로 분석됐다. The article analyzes the determinants of North Korean foreign policy in the wake of the 2018 summit. The paper argues that his new foreign policy initiative was motivated by his perceived shortage in his co-optation resources resulted from Chinese active participation on international sanction. In particular, Chinese participation in the ban of coal export triggered his policy changes because North Korea’s export of coal has served as the key source of North Korea’s co-optation resource to maintain Kim’s political survival. In so doing, the paper focuses on the interaction between international environment and domestic politics, which previous studies have overlooked. This paper also identifies key variables of North Korea’s foreign policy changes, “resource power” as external factors, and the leader's “political survival” as domestic variable.

민주화이후 한국 대통령제의 진화과정 분석

김용호 ( Kim Yong-ho ) 한국의회발전연구회 2017 의정연구 Vol.23 No.1

이 글은 비교정치제도적 시각에서 민주화이후 지난 30년간 한국 대통령제의 진화과정을 분석, 평가, 전망하였다. 민주화이후 한국 대통령제는 3김시기의 제왕적 대통령제에서 3김이후 “대통령중심적 대통령제(president-centered presidentialism)”로 진화하였다. 이러한 진화과정에 제도적 요인(정치자금법을 비롯한 주요 정치관련법, 각 정당의 제도 개혁)과 비제도적 요인(대통령의 리더십성격)이 작용하였다. 이러한 진화과정을 분석한 결과 우리들은 앞으로 정치제도개혁을 통해 현행 “대통령중심적 대통령제”를 “대통령-의회 권력분립형 대통령제”로 발전시킬 가능성을 발견하였다. 특히 지난 30년간의 민주화 추세를 고려해보면 한국 대통령제가 장차 권력분립형 대통령제로 발전해 나갈 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. 이제 통치과정에서 대통령 우위의 “대통령중심적 대통령제”에서 벗어나 앞으로 행정, 입법, 사법 3부가 서로 대등한 통치의 주체로서 견제와 균형을 이루어 민주주의를 발전시켜 나가야 한다. 그동안 국회의 대통령 견제와 감독기능의 증가, 사법부의 독립성 증대, 시민사회의 책임 있는 정치적 참여 증가등이 권력분립형 대통령제를 가능하게 할 것으로 본다. 따라서 지난 30년간 대통령제하에서 우리들이 이룩한 민주적 성과를 유지, 발전시켜 나가려면 현행정부형태를 바꾸지 않고 대통령제를 유지하는 가운데 현행 대통령제의 문제점을 시정해 나가는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 위해 현행 헌법상의 대통령 권한을 축소하고, 4년 중임의 정부통령제로 변경하는 개헌이 필요하다. 또 현행 헌법의 내각제적요소를 제거해야 한다. 그리고 권력분립형 대통령제를 뒷받침할 수 있도록 국회제도, 정당제도, 선거제도, 대선후보 경선제도를 개선하고 대통령제와 관련된 잘못된 인식과 잘못된 정치적 관행을 고쳐 나가야 한다. The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the presidential system in South Korea during the past three decades ever since the country`s democratization in 1987 from the comparative institutional perspective. As imperial presidentialism during the so-called three Kim`s era(1987-2003) disappeared right after the political retirement of the three Kims in 2003, then president-centered presidentialism emerged during the post-three Kim`s era, since the country`s recent three presidents possessed their relatively low-level of partisan power in terms of their control of National Assemblies and their respective presidents` parties during their presidencies. South Korea has now a strong possibility to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into the American-style separatist presidential system in the near future, since the country`s National Assembly has continuously been making its efforts to function as an effective governing body being compatible with the American Congress. In addition, the country`s judiciary branch has effectively been playing a political role like the US supreme court ever since the country`s democratization in 1987. It is also emphasized that South Korea`s civic society is currently playing as a guardian of democracy through its effective and responsive political participations in many public sectors for promoting civic liberties, public welfare, and other democratic values. South Korea now needs to carry out constitutional revisions, political reforms of legislative system, party system, and electoral system as well as correct some contradictory political understandings and habits in a way to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into American-style separatist presidential system in the near future.

기계산업분야 EC 비즈니스 모델에 관한 고찰

김용호,전창배,Kim, Yong-Ho,Jeon, Chang-Bae 재료연구소 1999 機械와 材料 Vol.11 No.4

멀티미디어 텔레컨퍼런스를 위한 새로운 영상 압축 기술

김용호,장종환,Kim, Yong-Ho,Chang, Jong-Hwan 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1992 自然科學論文集 Vol.5 No.2

A new texture segmentation-based image coding technique which performs segmentation based on roughness of textural regions and properties of the human visual system (HVS) is presented for multime-dia teleconference. The segmentation is accomplished by thresholding the fractal dimension so that textural regions are classified into three texture classes; perceived constant intensity, smooth texture, and rough texture. An image coding system with high compression and good image quality is achieved by developing an efficient coding technique for each segment boundary and each texture class. We compare the coding efficiency of this technique with that of a well established technique (discrete cosine transform (DCT) image coding). 텍스처럴 리전의 러프니스와 사람의 시각 시스템의 특성에 기초하여 세크멘테이션을 수행하는, 멀티미디어 텔레컨퍼런스를 위한 새로운 텍스처 세그멘테이션-베이스 영상 코우딩 기술을 제안한다. 세그멘테이션은, 텍스처의 영역이, 지각된 콘스탄트 인텐시티와 스무드 텍스처 및 러프 텍스처의 세가지 텍스처 클래스로 분류되도록 프랙탈 디멘전을 쓰레쉬호울딩하여 이루어진다. 각 세그먼트 바운더리와 각 텍스처 클래스를 위한 효과적인 코우딩 기술을 개발하여 높은 압축률과 좋은 영상 품질을 갖는 영상 코우딩 시스템을 달성하고, 이 기술의 코우딩 효율을 잘 확립된 기술 (디스크릿 코사인 트랜스폼(DCT) 영상 코우딩)의 코우딩 효율과 비교한다.

기계분야 중소기업 마켓팅 지원 EC 서버 설계

김용호,전창배,전형덕,Kim, Yong-Ho,Jeon, Chang-Bae,Jeon, Hyeong-Deok 한국기계연구원 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.-

We, ICOMM(Information Center Of Machinery & Materials), make efforts to apply the EC to support the Internet Marketing for Small and Medium Enterprises, and at the base of experience are carrying out diffusing the internet minds, applying the CALS, searching the internet information, education for internet and supporting the EC-hosting to count of first importance for 6,000 Manufacturing Industries located in KYOUNGNAM. Traditional Business-to-Business depends on the EDI by using VAN. As the Internet is lively and the Internet users incredibly increasing, the total marketing strategies of Enterprises are cyberized, and Enterprises try finding the new business partner by using Internet technologies, At the base of this Environments, this paper proposes the Internet Marketing Server (that is called EC-Business Server) that consists of the staging server to establish the Mall, the search engine for resembled manufactured goods, and so on. EC-Business Server supports Business-to-Business as in electronic commerce.

급성 림프모구성 백혈병의 중추신경계 재발의 방사선치료

김용호,김일한,Kim Yong-Ho,Kim Il-Han 대한방사선종양학회 1995 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 급성 림프모구성 백혈병 (ALL)의 중추신경계 재발시 수막강내 화학요법과 병행한 전뇌척수에 대한 방사선요법의 치료효과와 재발양상을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : ALL의 중추신경계 재발로 진단받고 전뇌척수 방사선요법을 시행받은 30 예를 대상으로 치료성적을 분석하였다. 연령분포는 2 세에서 46 세였고 소아환자는 19 예였다. 남녀 각 15 예로 동일하였다. 예방적 전뇌 방사선치료를 시행받은 경우는 22 예, 시행받지 않은 경우가 8 예였다. Co-60 원격치료기를 사용한 방사선요법의 조사범위는 전뇌척수를 (전뇌에 18-24 Gy, 전척수에 12 Gy) 포함하였으나, 전신상태가 좋지않은 9 예에서는 전뇌만 포함하였다. 결과 : 중추신경계 완전관해율은 $100{\%}$ 였다. 재차 재발한 12 예중 ($40{\%}$), 1 예는 중추신경계에서만, 2 예는 중추신경계와 골수에, 9 예는 골수에서만 재발하였다. 처음 ALL 치료후 관해지속기간이 24개월 이상인 경우와 방사선치료범위가 전뇌 및 전척수를 포함한 경우에 중추신경계 관해율이 유의하게 높았다. 생존한 10 예의 관해지속기간은 9-87 개월 (중앙값 58 개월) 이었다. 전 환자의 2 년 생존율은 $31.8{\%}$이었다. 결론 : 급성 림프모구성 백혈병의 중추신경계 재발시 수막강내 화학요법과 병용한 방사선요법시 효과적인 중추신경계 관해유도를 위하여 전뇌척수가 조사범위에 포함되어야 한다. Purpose : To assess the efficacy of craniospinal radiotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) experiencing the CNS relapse. Materials and Methods: Thirty ALL patients with relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) were treated with radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy. Age ranged 2 to 46. The number of males and females were all 15. Twenty-two cases were previously treated with presymptomatic radiotherapy to the whole brain. The extent of radiotherapy was the whole brain (18-24 Gy) and the whole spine (12 Gy) in 21 cases but the whole brain only in the 9 cases with poor performance. Results : The complete remission rate in the CNS was $100{\%}$. Among the 12 cases ($40{\%}$) who had secondary relapse, 9 cases had the bone marrow relapse alone, 2 cases had the CNS and bone marrow relapse, 1 cases had the CNS relapse alone. Higher CNS remission rate was observed when the initial remission duration was longer than 24 months or radiation was delivered to the whole brain and the whole spine. Survival rate at 2 year was $31.6{\%}$. Remission duration in the 10 living patients ragned from 9 to 87 months (median; 58 months).