재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 사회적지지가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향

김영희(Yung-hee Kim),조성제(Sung-Jae Cho) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.11

본 연구는 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 사회적지지가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석이다. 연구대상은 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 143명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석방법은 통계 프로그램을 적용하여 t-test와 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA), 상관분석과 Scheffe의 다중범위 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 근속년수에 따른 사회적지지의 차이는 유의미하였으나, 성별, 연령, 최종학력, 결혼상태, 종교, 직종에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 근속년수에 따른 직무만족도의 차이는 유의미하였으나, 성별, 최종학력, 연령, 종교, 결혼상태, 직종에 따른 차이는 유의수준 5%에서 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 직무만족도는 사회적지지의 동료의지지, 상사의지지 순으로 높은 정의 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 재가 장기요양기관 근무자의 직무만족도에 중요한 영향력이 있는 사회적지지 정책 자료에 활용 될 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of social support of long - term care institution workers on job satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 143 of the long - term care workers. The analysis method was t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and Scheffe s multiple range test using SPSS 22.0 program. The results of this study are as follows: First, the difference of social support according to years of service of long–term care institution workers was significant but there was no difference according to sex, age, final educational background, marital status, religion and occupation. Second, the difference of job satisfaction according to years of service of long - term care institution workers was significant but the difference according to sex, age, final education, marital status, religion and occupation was not significant at the significance level of 5%. Third, job satisfaction of long - term care institution workers showed high positive correlation in order of support of colleagues and supervisors of social support. The implication of this study is that it will be the basic data for the development of the social support program which has an important influence on the job satisfaction of the long-term care institution workers.

멸치젓갈유래의 혈전용해호소에 대한 특성

양웅석,임학섭,정경태,김영희,허만규,최병태,최영현,정영기,Yang Woong-Suk,Lim Hak-Seob,Chung Kyung Tae,Kim Young-Hee,Huh Man Kyu,Choi Byung Tae,Choi Yung Hyun,Jeong Yong Kee 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

멸치 액젖을 이용하여 ammonium sulfate침전, ion exchange, gel filtration, ethanol침전등의 과정을 거쳐 혈전분해 효소(myulchikinase, MK)를 분리 및 정제하였다. 이 정제된 효소를 SDS-PACE gel 전기영동한 결과 분자량은 약 28 kDa 이었다. MK의 활성에 대한 특성을 조사한 결과 NaCl $30\%$까지 활성이 $80\%$이상 유지되는 것으로 보아 내염성 효소로 판단된다. 온도에 대한 효소활성을 조사한 결과, MK의 온도에 대한 안정성은 $40^{\circ}C$까지는 안정하였으나 $50^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 급격하게 활성 떨어졌고, 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$였다 MK의 활성은 $pH6\~9$범위에서 매우 안정하였고, 최적 pH는 8이였다. 또한 2가 금속 양이온에 대한 효과는 $Hg^{2+} (1mM)$에 의하여 완전히 활성저해를 보였고, $Zn^{2+}(1mM)$에 의하여 약 $50^{\circ}C$의 저해되는 것을 알았다. Fibrinogen-rich plate와 Fibrinogen-free plate에서 활성을 측정 한 결과, Fibrinogen-rich plate에서는 fibrin 분해능이 있었지만 Fiberinogen-free Plate에서는 분해활성이 없는 것으로 보아 본 효소는 plasminogen activator type의 혈전용해효소로 사료된다. In the previous study, we isolated a myulchikinase (MK), which has fibrinolytic activity and cytotoxicity to the tumor cell line, from myl- chi-jeot-gal. In this study, the effect of NaCl concentration, metallic ions, pH, temperature, and plasminogen on the activity of MK was analysed. The MK activity was maintained at least $80\%$ activity up to $30\%$ NaCl, which indicates that the enzyme may be halotolerant. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of MK was completely inhibited with 0.5 mM $Hg^{2+}$ and inhibited to $50^{\circ}C$ with 1 mM $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$. The MK showed strong activity in plasminogen- rich fibrin plate but not in plasminogen-free fibrin plate. The result indicates that the MK may be a plasminogen activator type fibrinolytic enzyme.

Effect of Cholecystokinin on Serotonin Release from Cultured Neurons of Fetal Rat Medulla Oblongata

송동근,조현미,이태희,서홍원,김영희,Song Dong-Keun,Cho Hyun-Mi,Lee Tae-Hee,Suh Hong-Won,Kim Yung-Hi The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.1

연수의 세로토닌 신경계는 내재성 하행성 동통 억제계 (endogenous descending pain inhibitory system) 에 있어서 중추적인 역할을 하고 있다. 연수의 세로토닌 신경세포에 대한 cholecystokinin (CCK) 및 second messenger systems에 작용하는 약물들의 작용을 알아보기 위하여, 쥐의 태자 (태생 14일) 로부터 연수를 분리하여 10동안 배양한 후 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)의 분비에 대한 cholecystokinin (CCK) 및 second messenger systems에 작용하는 약물의 영향을 연구하였다. 배양 10일된 세포에 여러 neuropeptide들을 $10{\mu}M$ 농도로 48 시간동안 자극한 결과, CCK 와 substance P에 의하여 5-HT의 분비가 증가됨을 관찰하였다. Somatostatin, proctolin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, 및 interleukin-6 은 5-HT의 분비에 있어서 아무런 영향이 없었다. 어떠한 second messenger가 CCK에 의한 5-HT 분비에 연관되어 있나를 알아보기 위하여 calcium channel 봉쇄제인 nimodipine, 그리고 calmodulin 길항제인 calmidazolium의 영향을 살펴본 결과 nimodipine ($1{\mu}M$)은 거의 완전하게, 그리고 calmidazolium ($1{\mu}M$)은 부분적으로 유의하게 CCK에 의한 5-HT의 분비를 억제하였다. 또한 adenyl cyclase의 활성도를 높이는 forskolin ($5{\mu}M$)은 5-HT의 분비를 증가시켰지만 protein kinase C(PKC)를 활성화시키는 phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)는 $2{\mu}M$ 농도에서 5-HT의 분비에 아무런 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 이상의 연구결과, calcium channel을 통한 calcium influx와 세포내 calmodulin이 CCK에 의한 5-HT분비 증가에 있어서 중요한 역할을 함을 제시한다. 또한, 5-HT의 분비에 있어서 cyclic AMP system이 중요한 역할을 하나, PKC system은 5-HT의 분비에 연관이 없음을 제시하고 있다. Serotonergic neurons in medulla oblongata play an important role in the endogenous descending pain inhibitory system. To illucidate the factors involved in the regulation of medullary serotonergic neurons, we studied the effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and agents acting on various second messenger systems on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release from cultured neurons of rat fetal (gestational age 14th day) medulla oblongata. Cultured cells maintained for 10 days in vitro were stimulated for 48 hours with CCK or other neuropeptides at 10 micromolar concentration. CCK ($10{\mu}M$) and substance P ($10{\mu}M$) significantly increased. 5-HT release. However, somatostatin, proctolin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, and interleukin-6 did not have any effects on 5-HT release. Nimodipine ($1{\mu}M$), a calcium channel blocker, almost completely, and calmidazolium ($1{\mu}M$), a calmodulin antagonist, significantly inhibited the CCK-induced 5-HT release. The total 5-HT content (intracellular 5-HT plus released 5-HT) was significantly increased by CCK. However, the intracellular 5-HT content was not significantly changed by CCK. Forskolin ($5{\mu}M$), an adenylate cyclase activiator, but not $2{\mu}M$ phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, significantly enhanced 5-HT release. The total 5-HT content (intracellular 5-HT plus released 5-HT) was significantly increased by forskolin. However, the intracellular 5-HT content was not significantly changed by forskolin. PMA had no effect on intracellular 5-HT levels. These results suggest that CCK regulates serotonergic neurons in the medulla oblongata by enhancing 5-HT secretion through calcium influx and caimodulin, and that cyclic AMP system but not protein kinase C system is involved in 5-HT release.

선천성 고혈압쥐에서의 Opioid에 의한 진통작용과 Proenkephalin유전자 발현에 대한 연구

서홍원(Hong-Won Suh),이태희(Tae-Hee Lee),송동근(Dong-Keun Song),최성란(Seong-Ran Choi),정전섭(Jun-Sub Jung),김영희(Yung-Hi Kim) 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.1

8주, 18주, 그리고 32주된 Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)과 Wistar-Kyoto Rats(WKY)과의 blood pressure(혈압)를 측정하여본 결과 SHR 그룹이 WKY에 비해 19에서 70 mmHg 차이로 SHR 그룹이 WKY group에 비하여 혈압이 높았다. 18주된 SHR과 WKY에서 제 3 뇌실내 (intraventricular)로 투여된 morphine과 β-endorphin의 진통작용을 검색하여 보았다. WKY group에 비하여 SHR group에서 뇌실내로 투여된 β-endorphin은 진통작용에 있어서 상승작용 (potentiation)을 보임을 발견하였고 뇌실내로 투여된 morphine은 SHR group에서 약간만 상승작용을 보였다. SHR과 WKY group간에 opioid의 진통작용에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 Midbrain과 Medulla (pons), 그리고 spinal cord (척수)의 lumbar부위의 [Met⁵]-enkephalin과 proenkep-halin A mRNA level을 측정하여 보았다. SHR과 WKY group간의 [Met⁵]-enkephalin과 proenkephalin mRNA의 양은 별로 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼때 SHR group에서 뇌실내로 투여된 β-endorphin은 그의 진통효과에 있어서 보인 상승작용은 척수상부에 위치하고 있는 opioid deptide의 양이 변해서가 아니라 다른 기전에 의하여 조절되어지고 있음을 시사한다. The present studies were carried out to determine if antinociceptive action of morphine and β-endorphin administered intraventricularly was changed in. pentobarbital anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. The ED₅₀ values of antinociception for morphine administered intraventricularly were 1.9 and 1.2 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The ED₅₀ values of antinociception for β-endorphin administered intraventricularly were 0.40 and 0.12 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The [Met⁵]-enkephalin (ME) and proenkephalin mRNA levels in midbrain, pons and medulla, or lumbar section of the spinal cord in WKY and SHR rats were measured by the radioimmunoassay and Northern blot assay, respectively. There were no differences of ME and proenkephalin mRNA levels in these tissues between WKY and SHR rats. The results suggest that β-endorphin but not morphine administered intraventricularly produces a greater antinociception in SHR rats. This increased antinociceptive effect of β-endorphin in SHR rats may be not, at least, due to the alterations of ME And proenkephalin mRNA levels in the midbrain, pons and medulla, or spinal cord.

비브리오의 병원성 인자에 관한 연구 (pp.513-518)

오양효(Yang Hyo Oh),김영부(Yung Bu Kim),박영민(Young Min Park),김민정(Min Jung Kim),차미선(Mi Sun Cha),김영희(Young Hee Kim),임은경(Eun Gyoung Lim) 大韓微生物學會 1999 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.34 No.6

Study of the Antinociception Induced by Opioids and the Proenkephalin Gene Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

서홍원,이태희,송동근,최성란,정전섭,김영희,Suh Hong-Won,Lee Tae-Hee,Song Dong-Keun,Choi Seong-Ran,Jung Jun-Sub,Kim Yung-Hi The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.1

8주, 18주, 그리고 32주된 Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)과 Wistar-Kyoto Rats(WKY)과의 blood pressure(혈압)를 측정하여본 결과 SHR 그룹이 WKY에 비해 19에서 70 mmHg 차이로 SHR 그룹이 WKY group에 비하여 혈압이 높았다. 18주된 SHR과 WKY에서 제 3 뇌실내 (intraventricular)로 투여된 morphine과 ${\beta}-endorphin$의 진통작용을 검색하여 보았다. WKY group에 비하여 SHR group에서 뇌실내로 투여된 ${\beta}-endorphin$은 진통작용에 있어서 상승작용 (potentiation)을 보임을 발견하였고 뇌실내로 투여된 morphine은 SHR group에서 약간만 상승작용을 보였다. SHR과 WKY group간에 opioid의 진통작용에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 Midbrain과 Medulla (pons), 그리고 spinal cord (척수)의 lumbar부위의 $[Met^5]-enkephalin$과 proenkep-halin A mRNA level을 측정하여 보았다. SHR과 WKY group간의 $[Met^5]-enkephalin$과 proenkephalin mRNA의 양은 별로 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼때 SHR group에서 뇌실내로 투여된 ${\beta}-endorphin$은 그의 진통효과에 있어서 보인 상승작용은 척수상부에 위치하고 있는 opioid deptide의 양이 변해서가 아니라 다른 기전에 의하여 조절되어지고 있음을 시사한다. The present studies were carried out to determine if antinociceptive action of morphine and ${\beta}-endorphin$ administered intraventricularly was changed in. pentobarbital anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. The $ED_{50}$ values of antinociception for morphine administered intraventricularly were 1.9 and 1.2 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The $ED_{50}$ values of antinociception for ${\beta}-endorphin$ administered intraventricularly were 0.40 and 0.12 nmol for WKY and SHR rats, respectively. The $[Met^5]-enkephalin$ (ME) and proenkephalin mRNA levels in midbrain, pons and medulla, or lumbar section of the spinal cord in WKY and SHR rats were measured by the radioimmunoassay and Northern blot assay, respectively. There were no differences of ME and proenkephalin mRNA levels in these tissues between WKY and SHR rats. The results suggest that ${\beta}-endorphin$ but not morphine administered intraventricularly produces a greater antinociception in SHR rats. This increased antinociceptive effect of ${\beta}-endorphin$ in SHR rats may be not, at least, due to the alterations of ME And proenkephalin mRNA levels in the midbrain, pons and medulla, or spinal cord.

생쥐에서 5-Hydroxytryptophan에 의한 설사에 대한 각종 전통 생약 추출물의 억제 효과

유재선,정전섭,이태희,손건호,서홍원,송동근,김영희,Yoo, Jae-Sun,Jung, Jun-Sub,Lee, Tae-Hee,Son, Kun-Ho,Suh, Hong-Won,Song, Dong-Keun,Kim, Yung-Hi 한국생약학회 1995 생약학회지 Vol.26 No.4

To find serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-antagonizing activities in traditional herbal drugs, crude extracts from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptophan(HTP)-induced diarrhea in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg) induced diarrhea in 92% of mice, when observed from 10 to 15 min after injection. Crude extracts(2 g/kg) from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were orally pretreated for 1 h before 5-HTP injection. Of the 66 herbal drugs screened, Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Cimicifugae Rhizoma(升麻), Anisi stellati Fructus(八角茴香), Aurantii Fructus(枳實), Polygalae Radix(遠志) showed the most potent inhibiting activities against 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg)-induced diarrhea in mice. There are at least 3 possible mechanisms that would be responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea; 1) crude extract-induced inhibition of the activity of aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase catalyzing the conversion of 5-HTP to 5-HT, 2) crude extract-induced blockade of 5-HT receptor(s) in the gastrointestinal tract responsible for 5-HTP-induced diarrhea, 3) crude extract-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal activity, irrespective of 5-HT system. The exact mechanisms and molecules, responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea remain to be clarified.

배양된 흰쥐 뇌간 신경세포에서 5-Hydroxytryptamine 흡수에 대한 각종 전통 생약 추출물의 억제 효과

조현미,정전섭,이태희,손건호,서홍원,송동근,김영희,Cho, Hyun-Mi,Jung, Jun-Sup,Lee, Tae-Hee,Son, Kun-Ho,Suh, Hong-Won,Song, Dong-Keun,Kim, Yung-Hi 한국생약학회 1995 생약학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Crude methanolic(80%) extracts from 109 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) uptake in primary cultured rat brainstem neurons. Rat brainstem neurons were cultured from embryonic day 14, and maintained for 7-9 days in vitro. Clomipramine (500 nM), a reference drug, decreased 5-HT uptake to 16% of control values. Of the 109 herbal drugs screened, Citri immaturi Pericarpium(靑皮), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃蓮), Cnidii Rhizoma(土川芎) showed the most potent 5-HT uptake inhibiting activities. These herbal drugs, at the concentration of $10{\;}{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited 5-HT uptake 69, 69, and 57% respectively, when inhibition(%) was expressed as a relative value compared to the 500 nM clomipramine-induced inhibition.

연수 신경세포 배양에서 세로토닌 분비에 대한 Cholecystokinin의 작용

송동근(Dong-Keun Song),조현미(Hyun-Mi Cho),이태희(Tae-Hee Lee),서홍원(Hong-Won Suh),김영희(Yung-Hi Kim) 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.1

연수의 세로토닌 신경계는 내재성 하행성 동통 억제계 (endogenous descending pain inhibitory system) 에 있어서 중추적인 역할을 하고 있다. 연수의 세로토닌 신경세포에 대한 cholecystokinin (CCK) 및 second messenger systems에 작용하는 약물들의 작용을 알아보기 위하여, 쥐의 태자 (태생 14일) 로부터 연수를 분리하여 10동안 배양한 후 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)의 분비에 대한 cholecystokinin (CCK) 및 second messenger systems에 작용하는 약물의 영향을 연구하였다. 배양 10일된 세포에 여러 neuropeptide들을 10μM 농도로 48 시간동안 자극한 결과, CCK 와 substance P에 의하여 5-HT의 분비가 증가됨을 관찰하였다. Somatostatin, proctolin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, 및 interleukin-6 은 5-HT의 분비에 있어서 아무런 영향이 없었다. 어떠한 second messenger가 CCK에 의한 5-HT 분비에 연관되어 있나를 알아보기 위하여 calcium channel 봉쇄제인 nimodipine, 그리고 calmodulin 길항제인 calmidazolium의 영향을 살펴본 결과 nimodipine (1μM)은 거의 완전하게, 그리고 calmidazolium (1μM)은 부분적으로 유의하게 CCK에 의한 5-HT의 분비를 억제하였다. 또한 adenyl cyclase의 활성도를 높이는 forskolin (5μM)은 5-HT의 분비를 증가시켰지만 protein kinase C(PKC)를 활성화시키는 phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)는 2μM 농도에서 5-HT의 분비에 아무런 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 이상의 연구결과, calcium channel을 통한 calcium influx와 세포내 calmodulin이 CCK에 의한 5-HT분비 증가에 있어서 중요한 역할을 함을 제시한다. 또한, 5-HT의 분비에 있어서 cyclic AMP system이 중요한 역할을 하나, PKC system은 5-HT의 분비에 연관이 없음을 제시하고 있다. Serotonergic neurons in medulla oblongata play an important role in the endogenous descending pain inhibitory system. To illucidate the factors involved in the regulation of medullary serotonergic neurons, we studied the effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and agents acting on various second messenger systems on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release from cultured neurons of rat fetal (gestational age 14th day) medulla oblongata. Cultured cells maintained for 10 days in vitro were stimulated for 48 hours with CCK or other neuropeptides at 10 micromolar concentration. CCK (10μM) and substance P (10μM) significantly increased. 5-HT release. However, somatostatin, proctolin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, and interleukin-6 did not have any effects on 5-HT release. Nimodipine (1μM), a calcium channel blocker, almost completely, and calmidazolium (1μM), a calmodulin antagonist, significantly inhibited the CCK-induced 5-HT release. The total 5-HT content (intracellular 5-HT plus released 5-HT) was significantly increased by CCK. However, the intracellular 5-HT content was not significantly changed by CCK. Forskolin (5μM), an adenylate cyclase activiator, but not 2μM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, significantly enhanced 5-HT release. The total 5-HT content (intracellular 5-HT plus released 5-HT) was significantly increased by forskolin. However, the intracellular 5-HT content was not significantly changed by forskolin. PMA had no effect on intracellular 5-HT levels. These results suggest that CCK regulates serotonergic neurons in the medulla oblongata by enhancing 5-HT secretion through calcium influx and caimodulin, and that cyclic AMP system but not protein kinase C system is involved in 5-HT release.

日本 腦炎 백신의 精製 및 接種方法에 關한 硏究

金英姬 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.2

The various techniques of Japanese encephalitis vaccine purification by alcohol and protamine sulfate were studied and the effectiveness of the vaccines was compared by various inoculation methods. Primary school children who live in epidemic areas and orphans in Seoul city area were chosen as vaccinees and the results obtained were as follows: 1. For the purification of the vaccines, 0.025㎎ of protamine sulfate per ㎖ was the most proper ratio for the preparation of Japanese encephalitis vaccine. 2. Two subcutaneous inoculations of the vaccine (1.0㎖) produced higher and more persistant elevation of antibody titer than single subcutaneous or one or two intracutaneous inoculations (0.1㎖). 3. One or two week interval between two doses of subcutaneous inoculations were the method of choice. 4. No side reaction was observed during one year after vaccination.