家兎腎臟의 Sodium 排泄機能에 對한 交感神經의 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

羅信愛 우석대학교 의과대학 1968 우석의대잡지 Vol.5 No.1

It has been reported that epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibit the urinary excretion of sodium and also denervation of kidney produces naturesis. However it is not yet clear which receptor of the sympathetic nerve inhibit the renal sodium excretion and the effect of sympathetic nerve in rabbit, since a species difference of the effect of sympathetic nerve on renal sodium excretion has been reported. Author carried out an experiment to clearify which receptor of the sympathetic nerve has an inhibitory effect on renal sodium excretion as well as an effect of sympathetic nerve on the diuretic action of lasix in rabbit. Fourty rabbits were studied on their alteration of urinary sodium, chloride and potassium according to the following experiments, namely 1. stimulation of the α-receptor of sympathetic nerve with epinephrine and norepinephrine 2. stimulation of the α-receptor in reserpinized rabbit 3. stimulation of the α-receptor, blocked with ergotamine 4. stimulation of the β-receptor with isoproterenol(Isuprel®) 5. effect of β-receptor blocking and stimulation of the β-receptor, blocked with propranolol(Inderal®). All rabbits, used were matured and weighed about 2㎏. They were given 0.3% saline intravenously with a speed of 4 drops per minute under urethane anesthesia in order to keep adequate urine flow and urine samples were collected in every 30 minutes throughout the experiment. The control urine samples were collected for 60 to 90 minutes in all experiments. A 20 γ/㎏ of epinephrine and norepinephrine were given intravenously in 4 and 2 rabbits respectively and followed by furosemide(lasix®) injection 60 to 90 minutes later. In 2 rabbits epinephrine and furosemide injected simultaneously. In all rabbits, the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride were decreased markedly following the epinephrine and norepinephrine injection and the diuresis occured in all rabbits promptly and lasted for about one hour following the injection of furosemide. However the simultaneous injection of these two drugs caused a mild diuresis which occurred less promptly and lasted longer than one hour. In reserpinized rabbits the injection of epinephrine caused an increase of urinary sodium excretion which was considered to be due to unknown mechanism instead of depletion of catecholamine in tissue by reserpine. In ergotamine treated rabbits, the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were inconsistent and unremarkable. In 6 rabbits 4 drops of 0.5 % isoproterenol were inhalated and in 2 rabbits 5㎎/㎏ of isoproterenol were given intravenously. The changes in urinary sodium excretion were variable and also the changes were not remarkable. A 0.5㎎/㎏ of propranolol(Inderal®) was given in 5 rabbits and followed by lasix injection. There was no noticiable changes on urinary electrolytes excretion and the responses to lasix injection were as usual. The isoproterenol was given in 5 rabbits, treated with propranolol previously and there was neither remarkable nor consistent changes in urinary electrolytes. These data indicated that the sympathetic nerve has an inhibitory effect of urinary sodium excretion and the a-receptor of sympathetic nerve is the predominently responsible site of inhibitory effect on urinary sodium excretion. It appears also that the epinephrine is able to decrease and changes the diuretic action of furosemide.

造影劑 重複投與에 依한 排泄性尿路 撮影術에 關한 硏究

金炳職 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

This paper deals with the technique of opacifying the urinary tract by means of taking standard excretory urography, repeatedly in which the second injection of contrast medium starts 10 minutes later than the first injection. Indicated are those cases of non-visualized kidney collecting systems in 5 minutes films among cases of standard excretory urography. This procedure was performed in 141 cases injecting 30ml of 50% Hypaque intravenously for the first dose. If 5 minutes wet film showed non-visualization on one or both sides, same dose of Hypaque was injected 10 minutes later. The frequency of both excellent and good urograms is increased from about 65% in standard excretory urography to about 95% in this technique studies. It not only greatly increases the diagnostic accuracy of the examination and reduces the need or retrograde pyelography, but also has distinct advantage in studying the patient in whom the gut contains large amounts of gas or intestinal contents. The frequency of side effect is no more than those of standard excretory urography, because those cases who have side effect are eliminated by the first injection.

外科的 兩腎疾患의 保存的 手術療法에 關한 硏究

宋宗恩,金世景 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

This paper is presenting 29 cases of bilateral surgical kidney diseases. They are consisted of 10 cases of tuberculosis, 15 cases of renal diseases secondary either to renal or ureteral calculi, and other 4 cases: 2 bladder tumors, a giant bladder stone, and a bilateral connective tissue fibrosis in uretero-pelvic juncton of ureter. The experiences obtained through the treatment of above cases are summarized as follows: (1) In bilateral renal tuberculosis, antituberculous chemotherapy should be given and observe through periodical examination of serial excretory urography comparing with former films and if any urinary obstruction due to fibrosis appears, it is obligatory to perform urinary diversion to restore renal function. Good results were obtained by doing urinary diversion and cavernotomy to drain urine and diseased products. (2) In urinary diversion, nephrostomy was the best method for temporary drainage of urine to restore kidney function rapidly with less complication such as pyelonephritis. (3) In cases of ureteral stricture duo to tuberculosis without definite knowledge of the strictured area or in cases of dilated kinked ureter, nephrostomy was the method of choice among urinary diversion, because of the possibility of scar contraction at any point of ureter during chemotherapy. (4) A few cases of bilateral renal tuberculosis with an almost nonfunctioning kidney on IVP, recovered heir renal function after having nephrostomy and vigorous antituberculous chemotherapy. (5) In general, it is customary to treat better functioning side of diseased kidney first. However, for the cases in which major renal operation such as partial nephrectomy and nephrotomy should be performed, it was very useful to apply minor conservative surgery on the mate kidney first to maintain renal function even if this mate kidney had much poorer function than the other. (6) In the cases of renal calculi complicated with ureteral calculi, it was found that the removal of the ureteral calculi firstly except in those with severe pain and without regarding renal function, yielded better end results. Generally speaking, calculus located at lower part of the urinary tract should be removed first of all.

內視鏡에 依한 胃癌患者의 臨床的 硏究

安龍承,高侊道 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

In this report, seventy-six patients (male 53, female 23) of the stomach cancer were studied in the Woo Sok University Medical College Hospital from May 1965 to Dec. 1968. All of the cases were confirmed by gastrocamera examination, and classified macroscopic four forms with gastrocamera picture. With respect to various clinical problems of the stomach cancer, author studied in this series clinical findings based on gastrocariera pictures. The results were as follows: The types of stomach cancer were divided into four groups by gastrocamera: ulcerating form (28.9% of the batients who received gastrocamera examinations), cancerous form (43.4%), tumor form (4.0%), infiltrating form (9.2%) and undeterminated from (14.5%). In the gastrocamera examination, favorable results were obtained 87.4% of the stomach cancer patients. It was relatively easy to diagnose stomach cancer except ulcerative form with gastrocamera. There exists many problems to differentiate ulcerating form from benign ulcer. The main diagnostic points were as follows: irregularity and bleeding of the floor of ulcer, vageness and bleeding of the edge and deformity of the shape of ulcer. The ratio of male to female was 5:2. The incidence of stomach cancer between 30 to 40 years of age was higher in women, however, 50 years of age was most frequently affected in both sex. The patients who had cancerous form tended to have complaints for short periods. Three main symptoms of stomach cancer were loss of weight, epigastralgia and anemia. In the gastric analysis with Histalog stimulation, 47.4% of the patients were anacidity cases, but 2.6% were hyperacidity. On the palpation, 74.2% of the patients were revealed the palpable mass in the abdomen. Occult blood reaction was positive in 76.3% of the patients.

肝藤疾患患者의 血淸 및 肝生檢 組織內 Glucose-6-phosphatase 活性値에 關한 硏究

孫慶來,高侊道 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

Clinically there are numerous liver function test evidently showing the disturbance of liver function. But the most important thing is to react sensitively to the minor pathologic changes of the liver. In this sense, the determination of enzyme, ie, alkaline phosphatase, choline esterase, transaminase etc. plays an important roles at present. In such enzyme study, glucose-6-phosphatase determination is one of the method relatively well showing the functional disturbance of the liver. Originally, it is said that the glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) participated in forming glucose from glucose-6-phosphate, and this enzyme is mose important in the carbohydrate metabolism. In this report, the G-6-P activity, of the serum and the biopsied liver tissue from several liver disease, was determined and the clinical value was observed. The results were as follows; The G-6-P activity, in 10 cases of control subjects, 53 cases in the serum and 41 cases in the liver tissue on various liver disease, were determined. Remarkable increase of G-6-P activity were observed in acute hepatitis, and when the clinical pictre recovered with treatment the activity became normal limit mostly It seemed to have clinica diagnostic value. But no remarkable increase were observed in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma and it seemed to be less clinical value because of little fluctuation after treatment.

한국 장년 남녀 기초 신진대사 및 뇨중 17­Ketosteroids의 월별 변동에 관한 연구

김창준 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

This research was undertaken to examine whether there was a seasonal change in the BMR and urinary 17-ketosteroids of healthy Koreans. A total of 14 Korean healthy adults aged 30-39years in both sexes were selected. They were composed of the physicians, technicians and housewives. Basal metabolic rates was measured in the middle of every month throughout the year. The ordinary cares were taken in this measurement. It include maintenance of confortable room temperature, and measurement at post absorptive state etc. The O₂ consumption was measured with the McKesson's metabolor, after the subjects were kept bed rest for 30-60 minutes until both pulse rate and blood pressure were reached a steady state. The values obtained in this study were expressed as either kilocalories/hr/㎡ of body surface or kilocalories/hr/kg of lean body mass and % deviation from DuBois standard, and the following results were obtained. 1) The BMR showed a seasonal variation i.e. the lowest value was found in the warm season (Summer-Autumn) and the highest in the cold season (Winter). This variation was more apparent when BMR was expressed as calories/kg of lean body mass. So it may be said that the value of BMR is inversely proportional to the temperature of the season. 2) There is no significant correlation between BMR and urinary 17-keto steroids, although there was a seasonal variation in the latter too.

Vasopressin 이 개구리의 수분평형에 미치는 영향

강태영,차영선 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

The rate of water uptake and loss across the skin was studied in the live frog, Rana pipiens, when placed in distilled water and 215 m0sm/L, 305 m0sm/L, 422 m0sm/L NaCl bathing solution. Adult frogs of both sexes weighing between 15 and 35 g were used. Experiments were conducted during July and August. At the onset of the experiment the cloaca was ligated. After recovery frogs were paced in 200 ml glass beakers containing 100 ml of either distilled water or of the solutions being investigated. Oxygen supplied through polyethylene tube into outside bathing solutions. At intervals the frogs removed, lightly dried, and quickly weighed to within 0.01 g. Estimation of whole body surface area of frog skin was done by measuring the surface of 10 skins from dead frogs. It was found that the immersed area (A) in ㎠ from Rana Pipiens could be expressed by the formula A=W²×9.83, where W=body weighting. The amount of water uptake and loss was calculated from the changes in body weight per unit time and the expressed as μl. cm^(-2). hr^(-1). Vasopressin was Pitressin (Parke Davis and Co.): it was diluted in 0.65% NaCl solution. The volume injected varied from 0.1 to 0.2 ml/frog. All injection were given into lymphatic sac. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. When frogs were kept in distilled water at 28℃ the uptake of water amounted to 12.27 μl. cm^(-2). hr.^(-1). 2. In ralymphatic sac injection of vasopressin decreased the rate of water uptake from distilled water. 3. Vasopressin does not affect the uptake of water from isotonic Ringer's solution. 4. The water uptake diminished with increasing osmotic pressure of outer bathing solution. 5. The water uptake across frog skin to saline under the influence of 1.5 times normal osmolarity in the outer bathing solution, produced a two phase response by the body weight changes. The first phase is a transient increase lasting some one hour and this is followed by a decrease of the body weight, whereas there was a steady increase in the rate of water uptake in the vasopressin injected frogs in similar concentration of NaCl solution. 6. For NaCl solution of 422 m0sm/L, there was a decrease of body weight due to loss of water through the frog skin which was unaffected after injection of vasopressin. 7. The data obtained with frog skin in vivo are discussed in relation to in vitro studies with anuran membranes reported by others.

흰쥐에 있어서 갑상선기능과 환경온도 변화에 대한 반응

金春熙,崔德瓊 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

Oxygen uptake and body temperature regulation were studied in male albino rats to which thyroxin was administered orally for more than 3 weeks. Observations were made in three different ambient temperatures, namely, room temperature (18℃), 36℃ and 4℃ water bath. Measurements of oxygen uptake, rectal temperature and skin temperature were made every 10 minutes for 60 minutes during. The following results were obtained. 1.In 11 normal control rats oxygen uptake in 18℃ was 27.8-32.4 ml/kg/min and it increased to 32.7-34.6 ml/kg/min in the thyroxin administered animals. In 36℃ ambient temperature oxygen uptake of experimental animals ranged between 27.8 and 34.2 ml/kg/min and is almost identical with the normal control animals showing oxygen uptake of 27.4-36.2 ml/kg/min. In cold of 4℃ ambient temperature oxygen uptake of experimental animal was 67.7-33.7 ml/kg/min as compared to 73.7-55.4 ml/kg/min of normal rats. 2. Rectal temperature of thyroxin administered rats in 18℃ ranged between 37.7 and 38.5℃ and is higher than the normal control rats whose rectal temperature ranged between 36.6 and 36.9℃. In hot environment of 36℃ rectal temperature of both experimental and normal rats increased as compared in the ambient temperature of 18℃. Rectal temperatures in 36℃ were: experimental rats, 38.2-41.3℃; normal rats, 38.2-40.6℃. In the cold of 4℃ rectal temperature of experimental animal was 36.5-27.0℃ and was lower than that of normal rats whose value was 37.0-30.5℃. 3. Skin temperature of thyroxin administered rats was higher than that of normal control rats in 18℃ and 4℃ ambient temperature. Skin temperatures were: 35.3-35.9℃ at 18℃, 36.9-39.4℃ at 36℃, and 31.5-23.2℃ at 4℃ in experimental rats and 33.0-34.1℃ at 18℃, 37.0-39.6℃ at 36℃, 30.7-23.9℃ at 4℃ in the normal control rats. 4. Thermal circulating index in 18℃ and 4℃ ambient temperature of experimental rats was higher than normal rats. In hot ambient temperature of 36℃ thermal circulating index of experimental rats was lower than normal rats. Thermal circulating index were: 4.04-7.41 in 18℃, 0.77-4.81 in 36℃, and 2.89-5.52 in 4℃.

下肢에 있어서의 經 骨髓 靜脈撮影에 關한 硏究

金德永 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

Since intraosseous vonography was first reported by Benda in 1940, it has been proved to be a very valuable subsidiary method for the diagnosis of diseased veins and various conditions of the lower extremities. But there has never been any report of intraosseous venography of the lower extremities in Korea yet. This study is intended to gain experience in clinical use of the intraosseous venography in various conditions of the lower extremities and to evaluate the results obtained in respect to its diagnostic value and clinical safety. The nuthor selected total 13 cases-4 apparently normal and 9 with diseased conditions of the lower extremities. After local anesthesia, 12-gauge bone marrow puncture needle was inserted into the medial malleolus of the tibia and intraosseous venography was performed. The following are the summary of the results ; 1) Intraosseous venography demonstrates clearly the venous system of the leg and furthermore it is simple and sate in operating. 2) It has a diagnostic value for diseases of venous system, such as hemangioma, thrombotic venous occulusion, thrombophlebitis and varicose veins. 3) Diseases of arterial system, such as Buerger's disease, may accompany pathologic change of the venous system. 4) Fracture can cause change in venous system and once the venous valves are involved, it is difficult to return to normal. 5) High incidence of incompetent perforation vein is found in many diseases due to the valve disturbance.

서울市內 國民學校 兒童의 d.e.f.,D.M.F.에 對한 觀察

劉英世 우석대학교 의과대학 1970 우석의대잡지 Vol.7 No.1

Author observed the oral state of 3049 children of "K" primary school in Seoul, for 2 years (1967 and 1968), ranged from first year grade to sixth year grade. Results are as follows : (1) Incident percent of carious person was 91.54 in 1967 and 95.54 in 1968. (2) Incident percent of carious person in same birth year group during 1 year was increased in all groups, ranged in birth year group from 1960 to 1956 and average increment in all groups was 4.47 percent. (3) d.e.f., D.M.F. teeth percent was 59.10 in 1967 and 72.78 in 1968. (4) d.e.f., D.M.F. teeth percent in same birth year group was increased in all grrups during 1 year. The average increment in all groups was 18.03 percent, and the main cause of the increase was due to the increment of d. and D.. (5) Average d.e.f., D.M.F. teeth per child was 6.79 in 1967 and 8.44 in 1968. (6) d.e.f., D.M.F. teeth per child in same birth year group was increased generally in all groups and average increment was 1.46 during 1 year. (7) Filling percent of the decayed deciduous teeth was 12.75 in 1967 and 10.02 in 1968. Filling percent of decayed permanent teeth was 8.07 in 1967 and 4.52 in 1965. (8) Filling percent of decayed teeth in same birth year group during 1 year was decreased generally in almost group. The dicrease was 2.40 percent in deciduous teeth and l.72 percent in permanent teeth.