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김달식,김길수,김영직 ( Dal Sik Kim,Kil Soo Kim,Young Jig Kim ) 한국주조공학회 1996 한국주조공학회지 Vol.16 No.3
N/A The purpose of this study was to investigate semi-liquid forming process as it was applied to magnesium alloys and to characterize the effects of processing variables on forming process. Magnesium billet was produced by a grain refining method. The possibility of the semi-liquid method for producing the slurry with thixotropic property was considered. This was followed by heating process for the desired fine globular microstructure and the process for subsquently shaping the semi-liquid slurry. The mold filling behavior was investigated at various processing variables including injection velocity, injection pressure, and material temperature(liquid fraction of Mg alloy). The tensile property of the specimen was measured at the constant semi-liquid forming condition(injection velocity : 0.5m/s, injection pressure : 135㎏/㎠, liquid fraction : 0.6). Liquation initiated from the solute segregation parts and the shape of solid particles turned into spheres without stirring. It was observed that the mold filling behavior was improved as the injection velocity and the injection pressure increased. Unexpectedly, the tensile property of the specimen was measured a little lower than that of diecasting.
당뇨병 환자에 있어서 경동맥 두께와 angiotensin converting enzyme 유전자와 apolipoprotein E 유전자 다형성
김원(Won Kim),염정필(Jung Pil Yeom),김달식(Dal Sik Kim),박태선(Tae Sun Park),백홍선(Hong Sun Baek),강성귀(Sung Kyew Kang),박성광(Sung Kwang Park) 대한내과학회 2000 대한내과학회지 Vol.58 No.6
Backgroud : To study the distribution of the polymorphism of apo E and angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes in type 2 diabetic patients and to evaluate possible association between the apo E genotypes and angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. Methods : Study participants were 206 type 2 diabetic patients (112 men and 94 women), aged 18-81 years. HbA1C, albuminuria, and lipid status were assessed by standard laboratory techniques ; the apo E genotypes were assessed by modified amplification refractory mutation system of polymerase chain reaction technique and the angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes were assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique. The intima-media thickness was measured by high-resolution ultrasonography. Results : The apo E allele frequencies of patients were E2 11%, E3 72%, and E4 17%. Mean HDL-cholesterol was lower in E4 carrier (n=35) than E2 (n=148) and E3 (n=35) carrier. E2 carriers has less common carotid intima-media thickness than E3 and E4 carriers (p<0.05). The angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes were distributed as follows ; II 38%, ID 47%, DD 15%. The intima-media thickness value did not differ among patients with various genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only apo E polymorphism was determinant for the intima-media thickness. Conclusion : Our results suggested that apo E polymorphism was associated with carotid artery
당뇨병 신증 환자에서 초음파로 관찰된 경동맥 두께와 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 유전자와 Apolipoprotein E 유전자 다형성에 대한 연구
강성귀(Sung Kyew Kang),박성광(Sung Kwang Park),김원(Won Kim),김달식(Dal Sik Kim),박태선(Tae Sun Park),백홍선(Hong Sun Baek) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.3
N/A Backgroud: We evaluated the distribution of the polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E and angiotensin converting enzyme gene in patients with diabetic nephropathy and also evaluated possible association between the apolipoprotein E carriers and angioten-sin converting enzyme genotypes and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery. Methods: Study participants were 92 patients with diabetic nephropathy(50 men and 42 women). Hb(A1C), albuminuria, and lipid status were assessed by standard laboratory techniques ; the apolipopro-tein E carriers were assessed by modified amplifi- cation refractory mutation system and the angioten-sin converting enzyme genotypes were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. The intima-media thick- ness was measured by high-resolution ultrasonog-raphy. Results : The apolipoprotein E frequencies of patients were E2 8%, E3 76%, and E4 16%. The intima-media thickness varied by apo E groups. E2 group has less common carotid intima-media thickness than E3 and E4 groups(p<0.05). The angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes were distributed as follows ; 35% II, 49% ID, 16% DD. The intima-media thickness value did not differ among patients with various angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and apolipoprotein E genotypes were determinants for the intima-media thickness. Conclusion: Our results suggested that apolipo- protein E polymorphism is associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness in diabetic nephro-pathy. But, we could not find an association between carotid artery intima-media thickness and angioten-sin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in dia- betic nephropathy.
정장이 비만세포 활성화에 미치는 시험관 및 생체실험 Ⅱ: 무정자증, 감정자증 환자와 정상인의 정장이 흰쥐 복강 비만세포의 탈과립과 히스타민 유리에 미치는 영향
송창호(Chang Ho Song),차영옥(Young Ok Cha),채옥희(Ok Hee Chai),김달식(Dal Sik Kim),이무삼(Moo Sam Lee) 대한체질인류학회 1999 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.12 No.1
정장(seminal plasma)은 면역반응을 조절하는 여러 가지 물질들을 함유하고 있다고 알려져 있으나 이러 한 정장이 비만세포의 형태 및 기능에 미치는 영향은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 저자는 무정자증과 감정자증환자와 정상인의 정장이 흰쥐 복강 비만세포의 형태에 미치는 영향과 히스타민 유리 여부를 관찰 하고자 본 실험을 시도하였다. 흰쥐 복강 비만세포 부유 액에 무정자증과 감정자증 환자 또는 정상인의 정장을 첨가한 다음 도립현미경 및 전자현미경으로 비만세포의 형태 변화를 관찰하고 히스타민 유리 량과 세포내 칼슘 유입량을 측정 하였으며 정장에 의한 형태 변화와 측정치들의 강도를 정상 및 양성 대조군과 비교하였다. 이때, 정상 대조군은 정장 대신에 Hank‘s balanced salt solution (HBSS) 용액을, 양성 대조군은 히스타민 유리인자로 알려 compound 48/80 용액을 사용하였다. 도립현미경 하에서 감정자증 환자와 정상인의 정장 또는 compound 48/80 용액으로 처리하면 대부분의 복강 비만세포들은 탈 과립현상을 보였다. 정장으로 처리된 비만세포들은 주사 전자현미경 하에서 정상 비만세포에 비하여 커져 있었고 현저한 탈 과립현상을 나타냈고, 투과 전자현미경 소견에서는 세포 윤곽은 불규칙하였고 과립을 함유하는 불규칙한 큰 공포들이 관찰되었다. 정상 대조군에서 비만세포 탈 과립 지수는 8.8±5.0이었고 무정자증 환자의 정장으로 처리한 경우 탈 과립지수는 11.9±6.2인 반면에, 감정자증 환자나 정상인의 정장으로 반응 시킨 비만세포들의 탈 과립지수는 각각 57.1±16.9, 61.9±15.8이었다. 또한, compound 48/80 용액 (최종농도;1μg/ml)으로 반응시킨 양성 대조군에서 탈 과립지수는 83.5±21.4 이었다. 정상 대조군에서 히스타민 유리 량은 1,030±195.6ng/ml이었고 무정자증 환자의 정장으로 처리한 경우에는 1,010±204.7ng/ml이었으나, 감정자증 환자나 정상인의 정장으로 반응 시킨 비만세포들의 히스타민 유리 량은 각각 2,794±53.3ng/ml, 2,899±366.7ng/ml 이었다. 또한, compound 48/80 용액으로 처리된 양성 대조군에서 히스타민 유리 량은 6,300±476.2ng/ml 로 감정지증 환자나 정상인의 정장 및 compound 48/80은 비만세포로 정상 대조군에서 비만세포내로 유입된 칼슘 량은 6.1±1.0pmol이었고 무정자증 환자의 정장으로 처리한 경우에는 9.0±1.1pmole이었으나, 감정자증 환자나 정상인의 정장으로 반응 시킨 비만세포들의 유입된 칼슘 량은 각각 81.2±18.5pmole, 76.6±18.0pmol 이었다. 또한, compound 48/80 용액으로 처리된 양성 대조군에서 비만세포 내로 유입된 칼슘 량은 102.9±22.2pmole로 감정자증 환자나 정상인의 정장 및 compound 48/80은 세포 밖에 존 재 하는 칼슘을 세포 내로 이동시켜 비만세포 내 칼슘 농도를 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 감정자증 환자나 정상인의 정장에는 흰쥐 복강 비만세포내의 칼슘 농도를 증가시켜 비만세포의 탈 과립과 히스타민을 유리시키는 물질이 함유되어 있는 것으로 사료된다.
기관지천식 환자에서 angiotesin converting enxyme과 endothelial nitric oxide synthase 유전자의 다형성에 관한 연구
전현순(Hyun Sun Jeon),천기태(Ki Tae Cheon),이홍범(Heung Bum Lee),이양근(Yang Keun Lee),김달식(Dal Sik Kim),이용철(Yong Chul Lee) 대한천식알레르기학회 2000 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.20 No.4
Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is heavily expressed in the lung and plays a role in the metabolism of angiotensin II, bradykinin and substance P. Nitric oxides. including those produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS). may regulate vascular and airway tone in the lung and influence various aspects of airway homeostasis. They are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, but the role of ACE and ecNOS gene in bronchial asthma is not completely understood, Objective To examine the possible involvement of ACE and ecNOS genes in the genetic basis for bronchial asthma. we investigated the association between genetic polymorphism and bronchial asthma, and its severity. Method: We determined the ACE and ecNOS genotypes by the polyrnerase chain reaction in 160 patients with bronchial asthma and 121 healthy subjects. Severity of asthma was classified by the guideline of NHLBI/WHO workshop. Results: The frequency of the ID genotypes of ACE and bb genotype of ecNOS was highest in both groups, respectively. The distribution of ACE genotypes did not differ between the two groups (p=0.27). There was a higher frequency of the bb genotype of ecNOS in the asthma group than in the control population (p=0.004). In asthmatic patients, there were no differences in the distribution of ACE and ecNOS genotypes in different severity groups (p= 0.17, 0.06), Conclusion: These results suggest that the polymorphism of the ecNOS gene. not ACE gene. may be associated with develop>ment of asthma. But, the severity of asthma may not be influenced by polymorphisms of the ecNOS and ACE genes. (J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 20: 609-618, 2000)