갑상샘연관안와병증의 역학과 임상양상

고동아,김병진,MichaelKazim 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Purpose: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 385 patients from the New York City area diagnosed with TAO from January 1990 to December 2000. The total cases were divided into male and female groups and age-adjusted relative incidence rates were obtained to plot the incidence curve and clinical characteristics. Statistical analysis was applied to the collected data. Results: The average age of patients with TAO was 46.3 years for females and 50.1 years for males. The female-male ratio was 5.31:1. In 23.3% of patients, the diagnosis of TAO was made simultaneously with their thyroid disease. In 75% of cases, the diagnosis was made within 18 months of the presentation of thyroid disease. Soft tissue involvement was noted most frequently in 311 (80.8%), eyelid retraction in 306 (79.5%), proptosis in 278 (72.2%), restrictive myopathy in 234 (60.8%), and compressive optic neuropathy in 43 (11.2%) of 385 patients. Conclusions: TAO has variable and different epidemiologic and clinical characteristics according to sex and age.

갑상샘기능에 따른 갑상샘연관안와병증의 임상양상

고동아,김병진,MichaelKazim 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

Purpose: Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) presents with highly variable clinical characteristics. We hypothesize that the underlying thyroid status predisposes a patient to different clinical characteristics of TAO. Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 385 patients from the New York area who were referred to our clinic and diagnosed with TAO from Jan 1990 to Dec 2000. We divided the 385 patients into three groups: Graves′hyperthyroid, euthyroid, and hypothyroid, and analyzed them statistically. Results: Three hundred thirty-one (86%) patients were hyperthyroid, 25 (6.5%) were euthyroid, and 29 (7.5%) were hypothyroid. The average age of TAO presentation in each group was 46.7, 46.1, and 49.9 years, respectively. The female-male ratio in each group was 5.25, 3.17, 13.5:1, respectively (p>0.05). The average time from thyroid disease to TAO in the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid groups was 16.6 and 38 months, respectively (p

은행 설립 제도의 법ㆍ제도적인 개선 방향

고동원(高東源, Ko, Dong Won) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2008 성균관법학 Vol.20 No.3S

A bank entry system in a country is a very important issue in respect of enhancement of competitiveness of a bank industry, which will affect the financial industry and system overall. In Korea, a bank entry is regulated by the Financial Services Commission (the "FSC"), the regulatory and policy-making authority in Korea. In other words, a person who intends to establish a bank requires authorization from the FSC, satisfying certain requirements prescribed by the Bank Act and the regulations thereof. In respect of the authorization procedure, an authorization is divided into two steps: preliminary authorization and final authorization. This article seeks to analyze certain legal issues in relation to such a bank entry system and to suggest some improvement measures. First, under the current relevant law and regulations, it is unclear who would be an applicant in applying for the authorization. There are three divided arguments: (i) a company to become a bank, (ii) a representative promoter in a bank, or (iii) the largest shareholder of a bank. Among those arguments, a company to become a bank is regarded as an appropriate applicant under the current law and regulations, although the other methods have some reasonable grounds, too. Second, there is no clear definition for clarifying the difference between a nationwide bank and a regional bank under the relevant law and regulations, which needs to be rectified. Third, there is no provision in respect of the procedure for a regional bank to be converted into a nationwide bank; so a new procedure for changing the authorization needs to be added. Fourth, the current authorization requirements applicable to the conversion into a bank from a non-bank financial institution, such as a securities company and a mutual savings bank, should be reviewed for clarification. In relation to the prospects of and tasks for improvement of the bank entry system, this article strongly argues for taking the policy to pursue deregulation of the bank entry system in order to enhance the competitiveness of the bank industry in Korea. In addition, the transparency in the authorization requirements and the simplification of the documents to be submitted to the FSC need to be implemented. Finally, this article suggests the introduction of an internet primary bank as one of the policy for the deregulation of the bank entry system and makes a legal analysis of plausible problems in such an introduction.

1950년대 뉴욕 화단에서 가십, 미술비평, 그리고 남성성에 대한 논의 : 프랭크 오하라의 경우를 중심으로

고동연 미술사학연구회 2007 美術史學報 Vol.- No.29

전 지구화 시대의 중국 현대미술과 비평

고동연(Koh Dongyeon) 현대미술사학회 2011 현대미술사연구 Vol.0 No.29

As Chinese contemporary art, especially what is called “Political Pop Art”, became the center of attention at international biennialsand exhibitions during the early 1990s, critics of Chinese art faced a number of important challenges. They had to ‘explain’ not only the distinctive historical and artistic contents of individual art works and artists, but also Chinese contemporary art within the history of the international contemporary art. The critics and curators on Chinese contemporary art had to fight against the dominant approach toward Chinese contemporary art in the West; to bring the balanced view between artistic tradition in China and the development of contemporary artistic language; to examine Chinese art relative to the concept of avant-garde, based on the “critical” tradition of contemporary art in west. This study concentrates on Wu Hung and Gao Minglu, the two influential art critics and art historians on contemporary Chinese art and culture. As both were educated in China and western academia, they can serve as useful cases for understanding the challenges that art critics of the non-western world should face. I will particularly highlight Wu Hung’s attempt to “decontexturalize” as well as “recontexturalize” Chinese contemporary art relative to Chinese literary and artistic tradition on the one hand, and the development of conceptual and books art in the west on the other. Unlike Wu Hung, who became extremely reserved in using western theories, Gao Minglu applied the concept of avantgarde in order to introduce a series of critical and rebellious arts in China from the late 1980s and onwards. For Minglu, western theories and concept enable him, in a way, to criticizethe repressive Chinese government and advocated Chinese avant-garde art “outside” of China. By looking at the key example of Wu Hung’s and Gao Minglu’s art criticism, this study aims to touch upon the problem, limitation, and possibilities that art critics on nonwestern arts have to deal with in the globalized art world context; how international artistic languages or theories can be used, appropriated by critics on non-western art world to maneuver between non-western and western, or between the outside and inside of the tradition and society from which the given art works derived.

근린환경특성과 도시열섬현상과의 상호관계에 관한 연구

고동원(Ko, Dong-Won),박승훈(Park, Seung-Hoon) 한국도시설계학회 2019 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.20 No.3

도시열섬현상은 도시의 지표면온도 증가뿐만 아니라 생물의 다양성을 감소시키는 등 환경적 측면에서 상당한 악영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 도시열섬현상은 도시민의 일상생활 및 삶의 질에도 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 도시열섬현상을 저감할 수 있는 노력이 필요하고 이를 위한 정책연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 서울시의 물리적 환경특성 및 인구 및 사회 · 경제적 특성을 포함한 근린환경특성과 도시열섬의 연관성을 분석하였다. 공간정보시스템을 활용하여 Landsat8 고해상도 위성영상 자료를 기반으로 도시열섬을 측정하였다. Moran’s I Test 결과 서울시 내 행정동간 도시열섬현상은 공간적 자기상관성을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 공간적 자기상관성을 통제할 수 있는 공간계량모형을 사용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 인구밀도, 주거지역 비율, 버스정류장 밀도는 도시열섬현상에 부정적 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 반면에 주거용 건물 연면적, NDVI는 도시열섬현상을 완화하는 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 NDVI는 도시열섬현상 완화에 상당한 영향력을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 한편, 기초생활수급자, 65세 이상 인구 및 독거노인 비율 등은 통계적으로 유의미한 관계는 보여주지 못하고 있다. 향후 근린환경특성을 고려한 도시열섬현상을 저감할 수 있는 실효적인 정책개발이 필요할 것으로 보인다. The urban heat island phenomenon not only increases the surface temperature of cities but also reduces biodiversity, which means a significant environmental adverse impact. Urban heat island phenomenon can also have a negative effect on the quality of life of the citizen. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce urban heat island phenomenon and a policy study should be conducted. This study analyzed urban heat island phenomena with the characteristics of built environment including physical environment characteristics and socio-economic characteristics of Seoul. The data on urban heat island was measured based on Landsat8 high-resolution satellite images using spatial information system. According to the Moran’s I test, the urban heat island phenomenon is showing spatial autocorrelation. The study adopted a spatial regression model to control this spatial autocorrelation. The main analysis results are as follows: population density, residential area ratio and bus stop density are the main factors that negatively affect urban heat island phenomenon. On the other hand, gross floor area of residential buildings, NDVI, have been shown to be major factors in reducing urban heat island phenomena. In particular, it was confirmed that NDVI has significant impact on reducing urban heat island phenomena. Meanwhile, the population ratio under national basic living security level, the population ratio aged over 65 and the share of elderly persons who lives alone have not shown statistically significant relationships. In the future, effective policy development will be needed to reduce the phenomenon of urban heat islands considering the characteristics of the built environment.

센서 데이터 수집 및 처리 시스템

고동범,김태영,김정준,박정민 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.9

최근 4차 산업혁명의 도래로 지능형 시스템의 필요성이 커지고 있으며, 이에 따라 자율제어 시스템이 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 자율제어 시스템이 대상 시스템을 모니터링 하기 위해서는 설비 및 센서의 데이터를 수집할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 기존 공장의 설비 및 센서 데이터는 제조사마다 형식이 다르기 때문에 데이터 수집에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 표준 제조설비 데이터 수집 미들웨어인 ‘MTConnect’를 이용해 이를 보완하였다. 데이터를 수집하고 공통된 형식으로 변경하는 MTConnect를 이용해 1) parseBuffer, 2) processData, 3) addToBuffer, 의 3단계 프로세스를 가지는 데이터 수집 및 처리 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템을 통해 우리는 자율제어 시스템에서 사용 가능한 공통된 형식의 데이터를 얻을 수 있다. 우리는 사례연구로서 공장 내 무인 운반 시스템인 AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle)의 데이터 생성 및 수집을 실험했다. 이를 위해 MTConnect 표준을 준수하여 데이터 타입을 정의하고 제안된 시스템을 통해 수집된 데이터를 확인했다. As emerging the '4th Industrial Revolution' by increasing the necessity of the intelligent system recently, 'Autonomic Control System' also has been the important issue. It is necessary to develop the system collecting data of machines and sensors for the autonomic control system to monitor the target system. But it is difficult to collect data because data formats of machines and sensors of the existing factories differ between each manufacturer. Therefore, this paper presents and implements data collecting and processing system that comprise 3 steps including 'ParseBuffer', 'ProcessData' and 'AddToBuffer' by using 'MTConnect' that is standard manufacturing facility data collecting middleware. Through the suggested system, we can get data in a common format usable in an autonomous control system. As a case study, we experimented with the generation and collection of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) data, which is an unattended transportation system in the factory. To accomplish this, we defined the data type in accordance with the MTConnect standard and confirmed the data collected through the proposed system.

밸런스드 아마추어 초소형 스피커의 진동 및 음향특성 연구

고동신(Dong Shin Ko),허덕재(Duk Jae Hur),권상엽(Sang Yup Kwon),이성수(Sung Su Lee) 한국소음진동공학회 2016 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.1

This paper describes the development process for vibration and acoustic characteristics of a balanced armature speaker. The design parameters were chosen in consideration of the influence of the bending stiffness of balanced armature which is the form of a cantilever structure in the speaker. For study of the performance of the speaker according to the design parameters, in the first step, we analyzed the characteristics of the velocity of the diaphragm to the electrical input. Next step, acoustic characteristics were analyzed by structural-acoustic coupled analysis. And the reliability of the analysis was verified by comparing the result of analysis with test results. Finally, we proposed a design method for implementing an enhanced balanced armature speakers through analysis method.

방열핀 형상이 UCD 램프의 방열성능에 미치는 영향

고동국(Dong Guk Ko),김민수(Min Soo Kim) 대한기계학회 2018 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.42 No.8

본 연구에서는 UCD 램프의 방열성능에 대한 방열핀의 종횡비와 반경의 영향을 해석적 방법을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 해석에 사용된 격자수와 크기는 각각 11,000개와 0.02 mm이다. 방열핀의 전열면적은 4 ㎟로 일정하게 유지시켰으며, 방열핀의 종횡비는 각각 1.0(기본모델), 1.8, 1.41, 0.56 및 0.29이다. 또한 방열핀의 반경 R은 각각 0.0 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.9 mm 및 1.2 mm이다. 핀에 가해진 열의 유속과 시간은 각각 1×105 W/㎡과 0.1 초, 0.2 초, 0.5 초, 1 초, 2 초, 5 초 및 10 초이다. 결과적으로 UCD 램프 방열의 방열성능은 핀의 종횡비와 반경이 각각 1.8과 1.2 mm일 경우 가장 우수하였으며, 기본모델보다 5.7% 상승하였다. In this study, the effects of the aspect ratio and radius of the heat dissipation fin on the heat dissipation performance of a UCD lamp were analyzed using an analytical method. The minimum grid size and number of meshes of the fin used for numerical analysis were 0.02 mm and 11,000, respectively. The heat transfer area of the fin was kept constant at 4 mm². The aspect ratios of the fin were 1.0 (base model), 1.8, 1.41, 0.56, and 0.29, and the respective radii of the fin were R=0.0 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.2 mm. The heat flux and heat flux time applied to the fin were 1×105 W/㎡ and 0.1 s, 0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, and 10 s, respectively. The heat dissipation performance of the UCD lamp was the best when the aspect ratio and radius of the fin were 1.8 and 1.2 mm, respectively, and showed an increase of 5.7% from the base model.

저온 탄화로 실링 챔버내 유로의 형상변화에 따른 내부유동 특성에 관한 연구

고동국(Dong-Guk Ko),압드엘모타립 하마다(Hamada Abdelmotalib),김민우(Min-Woo Kim),이교우(Gyo-Woo Lee),임익태(Ik-Tae Im) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

This paper studies the flow characteristics inside the low-temperature carbonization furnace(LTF) including sealing chamber with labyrinth. The flow behavior inside the furnace was analyzed according to different labyrinth shapes. The effects of labyrinth baffle number, and clearance between upper and lower baffles in the sealing chamber were investigated. The large vortex and recirculation region are generated in the chamber when the baffles of the upper and lower surfaces in the labyrinth are maintained at regular intervals. As a result, the gas discharge flow rate can be reduced by 60.8% when the flow distance between baffle and baffle in labyrinth is reduced to 25% of the baffle length.