호흡기 알레르기 환아에서 집먼지진드기 감작과 출생 월 분포의 연관성

강은경,나규민,강희,유영,고영률,Kang, Eun Kyeong,Na, Kyu Min,Kang, Hee,Yoo, Young,Koh, Young Yull 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.4

목 적 : 출생 후 영아기에 알레르겐에 대한 노출 여부가 추후 감작과 알레르기질환의 발생에 중요한 것으로 알려져 왔다. 우리나라에서는 집먼지진드기가 알레르기질환의 주요 흡입 알레르겐으로, 집먼지진드기 항원량은 계절적으로 가을에 가장 높은 것으로 보고되었다. 이에 저자들은 소아 호흡기 알레르기 환자에서 집먼지진드기에 대한 감작 여부에 따라서 출생 월 분포의 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 5월까지 만성 호흡기 증상으로 서울대학교병원 어린이병원을 방문하여 알레르기 피부단자시험과 메타콜린 유발시험을 시행 받은 환아 1,327명을 대상으로 집먼지진드기에 대한 감작 여부와 출생 월을 조사하여, 집먼지진드기 감작 유무에 따라 출생 월 분포를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 한 가지 이상의 알레르겐에 피부시험 양성을 보인 아토피군은 864명(65.1%)이고 비아토피군은 463명(34.9%)이었다. 아토피군에서 집먼지진드기에 양성을 보인 환아의 수는 787명(91.1%)이고 집먼지진드기를 제외한 나머지 피부시약에 양성반응을 보인 수는 77명(8.9%)이었다. 집먼지진드기 아토피군과 비아토피군의 출생 월별 분포를 기대 환자수와 비교했을 때 집먼지진드기 알레르기를 가진 환아들은 계절적으로 8월에서 11월까지 기대 환자수 보다 유의하게 많이 출생하였고(P=0.03) 비아토피군에서는 상기와 같은 출생 월 분포를 보이지 않았다. 천식으로 진단된 환아는 총 543명(40.9%)이었고 이중 아토피성 천식 환아는 421명(77.5%)이었고 비아토피성 천식 환아가 122명(22.5 %)이었다. 아토피성 천식 환아 중 집먼지진드기 아토피성인 환아는 387명(91.9%)이었다. 집먼지진드기 아토피성 천식과 비아토피성 천식 환아에서 출생 월의 계절별 비교에서 8월에서 11월까지 집먼지진드기 아토피성 천식 환아가 비아토피성 천식 환아보다 유의하게 많이 출생하였다(P=0.002). 결 론 : 출생 월은 알레르겐에 대한 감작 여부에 연관이 있는 것으로 보이며, 우리나라에서는 8월에서 11월까지의 출생이 집먼지진드기에 대한 감작의 위험이 큰 시기로 보인다. Purpose : It has been suggested that the exposure to aeroallergens during early infancy after birth is important in the subsequent development of sensitization and allergic diseases. In Korea, the level of house dust mites as one of the important aeroallergens is known to be the highest in autumn. The aim of this study was to test whether the distribution of month of birth bears a relationship to the presence of mite sensitization in children with respiratory allergy. Methods : Skin prick tests and methacholine provocation tests were performed on 1,327 patients with chronic respiratory symptoms who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1995 to May 2002. An analysis of patients' month of birth distribution according to the presence of mite sensitization was performed. Results : Atopic subjects who had at least one positive skin test numbered 864(65.1%); and non-atopic subjects numbered 463(34.9%). Among atopic subjects, 787(59.3%) had positive skin tests to mites and 77(5.8%) had positive skin test only to minor allergens. A significantly greater than expected number of mite atopic subjects were born in the months between August and November(P=0.03), however, the birth month of non-atopic subjects didn't show a consistent seasonal preference. Asthma patients numbered 543(40.9%). Among these, atopic asthmatics numbered 421(77.5%) and non-atopic asthmatics, 122(22.5%). Dust-mite atopic asthmatics numbered 387(91.9%) out of 421 atopic asthmatics. Dust-mite atopic asthmatics were born significantly higher in the season lasting from August to November in comparison to non-atopic asthmatics(P=0.002). Conclusion : Month of birth seems to be related with sensitization to allergens. Our results show that August to November is the risk period for the development of mite sensitization in Korea.

고려시대 공문서의 전달체계와 지방행정운영

강은경(Kang Eun-Kyong) 한국사연구회 2003 한국사연구 Vol.122 No.-

This research began with the question of how the government of Goryeo Dynasty implemented its policies toward the local communities, which were broken into several administrative districts. It focused on the official documents because they provided a good indication of how the local administrations were managed. Especially this paper focused on the system of delivering the official documents employed by the local governments in their correspondences with the central government and other local governments so as to be able to identify what were the official work-related duties. How these official documents were delivered provides a good window through which to see how administrative affairs were handled during this period. There exists the well-preserved rule known as the Gongcheopsangtongsikt(公牒相通式), which provides the vital information about how the official documents were sent and received by the central and local governments in the early Goryeo Dynasty. This rule explains how the conversations were carried out between the central government and local governors and governors and government officials. It also introduces the government positions that were authorized to send the official documents to the central government, such as, the Seokyungyusoo(西京留守) and the Byeolmyungsasin(別命使臣), as well as how regulations were implemented. The central governments management of local administrative units was not solely based on the reports of the local governors who resided in provincial areas, but also on those of the Byeolham(別銜). Whenever a local governor or Byeolham sent the official documents to the central government these were received by the Sangseosung(尙書省). The Sangseosung was endowed with the right to make final decisions of important issues, and to inform the local governments of the decisions that had been made. The central government could control and manage the local administrations in large part by the role of the Sangseosung which possessed the right to send the official documents, something that other government departments could not do on their own. As such, the Sangseosung was the department that controlled the overall local administrative system. The method of delivering official documents was eventually institutionalized using the Yeok(驛) system, the name of the road used for the official traffic, which called for all documents to pass through the Cheongkyo(靑郊) station in Gaekyung(開京). Two official methods of packing documents also emerged: the Pigak(皮角) method that used a leather bag to assure the safety of the documents, and the Hyeonryung(懸鈴) method which hang a bell on the bag. The number of the bell indicated how to manage the speed of deliveries. As such, the central governments control of the local administrations was greatly aided by the system of delivering official documents. Moreover, another set of government officials who were called Byeolham also engaged in the exchange of official documents within local administrative districts. As seen from the above, the system used to delivery official documents played an important role in helping the central government to control local governments. The Byeolham emerged as another weapon that could be used by the central government to address local governance issues in conjunction with governors. In addition, the fact that administrative affairs were handled using official documents, known as the Gongcheopsangtongsik, means that the central government did in fact possess an official means of controlling the local governments.

고려시기 공문서 관리체계에서 胥吏의 地位

姜恩景(Kang Eun-Kyong) 역사교육연구회 2004 역사교육 Vol.89 No.-

This research began with the question of what was the position of Seori(胥吏) in the administration of Goryeo Dynasty. Were they only the petty officials who went into business of the administrative organs? It focused on the role of Seori in the record management system, because they took charge of making, arranging and keeping the official documents. It especially would analyze the signature form and the official point of left archives. So it would be expected to find the status of Seori in the bureaucracy of Goryeo. There already existed the officials taking full charge of record management in the early days of founding the state. They were called Sa(史) or Rang(郞), which was found in almost all the administrative bodies. We can discover their names and various signatures in archives today. It means that they didn"t only produce the document, but also took the responsibility of it. The rule of official documents come to be elaborate as the administrative system is equipped well. It is the Gongcheopsangtongsik(公牒相通式) that was the well-preserved rule from the Hyunjong(顯宗, 1009-1031) period to the Munjong(文宗, 1046-1083). It regulated the signature form used in giving and receiving official documents. It was used to reflect the official rank of the writer and identify the rank of the office. The rule became more and more complicated. It needed the persons in charge of records who were accustomed to that rule. Therefore It was come to establish a very wide diversity of the posts in each office. There were Jusa(主事), Noksa(錄事), Yungsa(令史), Seosa(書史), Searyungsa(書令史), Sa, Gisa(記事), Gigwan(記官) and etc. They were totally called Seori. Their main business was likely to manage the records.

NETWORK DEA 모형에 의한 은행 효율성 측정

강은경(Kang, Eun Kyung) 한국산업경영학회 2016 경영연구 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 SBM Network DEA모형을 이용하여 2012년부터 2014년까지 우리나라 은행의 효율성을 생산효율성과 이윤효율성 2단계로 분리하여 측정한 후에 비효율의 주된 원인을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 전통적인 DEA기법은 생산과정에서 각 부서(Division)들을 연결시켜주는 중간산출물을 고려함이 없이 조직 전체를 하나의 부서로 취급하여 효율성을 측정하기 때문에 부서 간에서 발생하는 잠재적인 갈등을 취급 할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 그러나 Network DEA모형은 이러한 문제점을 해결 할 수 있다. Network모형의 첫 단계에서는 중간산출물인 예수금, 대출금, 유가증권을 생산하기 위한 투입물로는 직원수, 지점수, 이자비용을 사용했으며, 중간산출물은 두 번째 단계(포트폴리오관리 부서)에서 이윤을 창출하기 위한 투입물로 사용했다. 연구결과에 의하면 전체효율성에서 비효율의 상당부분은 이윤의 비효율로 부터 기인되고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 효율성제고를 위해서는 포트폴리오관리 분야에 대한 보다 적극적인 보강이 요구되어진다고 할 수 있다. 또한 Network DEA모형의 결과에 대한 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 민감도분석을 했다는 점에서도 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. The objective of this paper is to estimate overall and divisional efficiencies of Korean banks during 2012~2014 by employing SBM Network DEA model. Because traditional DEA model treats systems as a whole to estimate the efficiency, it cannot address potential conflicts between divisions from the intermediate outputs.. In Network DEA model, two stages such as production division and portfolio management division are introduced to estimate divisional efficiencies. Nunber of employees, Number of branches, and interest expenses are used as inputs to produce the intermediate outputs such as deposits, loans and securities, and the intermediate outputs are used as inputs to produce profits in the next division. The results show that overall inefficiency mainly originates from profit inefficiency rather than production inefficiencies. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed in order to confirm the stability of the results.

Consonant copy in Korean

강은경(Eungyeong Kang) 한국음운론학회 2005 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.11 No.2

In this paper, I present an analysis of Consonant Copy in the Jeju dialect and n-Epenthesis in Korean in the framework of Optimality Theory. I argue that both processes are driven by two independent constraints: (1) Edge-Demarcation at the right edge of a word, which requires that the right edge of a morphological constituent coincide with that of a prosodic unit, and thus militates against syllabification across word boundaries (2) the sonority constraint SYLLCON, which prohibits rising sonority across syllable boundaries. With both constraints dominating DEP-IO, a consonant is inserted in the configuration of ...C]_(Word) (Word)_[V..., resulting in ...C][CV..., where C is an inserted consonant. Based on this, I propose that Consonant Copy in the Jeju dialect is a generalized process of n-Epenthesis. I also argue that a consonant root is inserted and copies the featural content of the preceding consonant in the Jeju dialect in Korean. In the other dialects, the insertion is more restricted, such that it is limited to the epenthesis of /n/ only before a high vocoid /i/ or /j/. Despite these differences, I show that the proposed analysis of Consonant Copy and n-Epenthesis in Korean supports the important role of the right edge demarcation in morphology-phonology interface in general.

혼성과신형태소의 생성: 한국어 파편을 중심으로

강은경 ( Eun Gyeong Kang ) 한국현대언어학회 2016 언어연구 Vol.31 No.4

This paper analyzes recurring non morphemic forms that appear ill blends in Korean. Some of the examples are /thig/ as in /sokaethig/ ``blind date``, /hollik/ as in /labihollik/ ``an addict to love`` and /phalachi/ as in /s``iphalachi/ ``a person taking pictures of unlawful littering to get money, rewards from the government``. There has not been a consensus about the status of those recurring nun morphemic forms in the literature. After reviewing previous analyses and examining phonological and morphological behaviors of such recurring non-morphemic forms, this paper argues that blending provides a productive means to create new morphemes in Korea, and that splinters denrive genuine, new. linguistic signs; new linguistic froms matched up with a new meaning. I show that the new meaing is a result of meaning secretion from a source word and the blend. I further argue that splinters present counter-examples to a unidirectional interpretation of grammaticalization, since some splinters, which are bound forms, develop into independent lexical items, creating a new word from a bound from. (Sangmyung University)

『고려사』 형법지 공첩상통식에 나타난 지방통치구조

강은경(Kang Eun Gyeong) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2004 동방학지 Vol.123 No.-

MIS Quarterly 연구동향 분석: 토픽모델링 및 키워드 네트워크분석

강은경(Eunkyung Kang),정연식(Yeonsik Jung),양선욱(Seonuk Yang),권지윤(Jiyoon Kwon),양성병(Sung-Byung Yang) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2022 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

고려후기 호장층의 (戶長層) 변화와 『 세종실록지리지 (世宗實錄地理志) 』 의 토성 (土姓) 망성 (亡姓)

강은경(Eun Kyeong Kang) 연세대학교 국학연구원 1998 동방학지 Vol.99 No.-

유해 산출물을 고려한 국내 은행의 효율성 분석

강은경(Kang, Eun-Kyung),김성아(Kim, Sung-Ah) 글로벌경영학회 2014 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.11 No.4

본 연구는 유해 산출물인 무수익여신을 산출물에 추가하여 2008년부터 2012년까지 우리나라 은행의 효율성을 SBM-Bad Output모형에 의하여 측정하였다. 투입요소로는 직원 수, 유형자산, 예수금을 사용하였고, 산출물로는 무수익여신. 대출금, 유가증권을 사용하였으며, 동시에 민감도분석을 통하여 본 연구 모형의 강건성을 확인하였다. 측정결과에 의하면 2008년에 비해서 효율성은 계속하여 하락하였으며, 효율적 프런티어를 구성하는 DMU의 수도 2008년 후에는 급격하게 감소 하였다는 것을 발견하였다. 무수익여신에 대한 슬랙은 비효율적인 은행들이 무수익여신에 대한 관리가 필요함을 보여주고 있다. This paper analyzes the Korean bank efficiency with non-performing loans as undesirable outputs from 2008 to 2012 by SBM-Bad Output model. We employ the number of employees, the amounts of fixed assets, the amounts of securities as inputs, and the amounts of non-performing loans, the amounts of loans, the amounts of securities as outputs. This study shows that efficiencies are declining continuously after 2008, and that it is necessary to managing non-performing loans In addition, sensitivity analysis is done in order to check the robustness of the results.