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김한석,정병길,김대용,강동효,장성호,Kim, Han-Seok,Jung, Byung-Gil,Kim, Dae-Yong,Kang, Dong-Hyo,Jang, Seong-Ho 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on shape and size, compressive strength, water absorption and heavy metals leaching with various weight mixing ratios in waste ash brick products using waste recycling MSWI(Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) bottom ash, steel slag and waste building material. The manufacturing processes for the waste ash brick consist of screening, mixing, conveyor transmission, compaction.forming, and curing steps of raw materials. The weight mixing ratios of steel slag around bottom ash were adjusted within the ranges of 10% to 30%. The reported results show that the width and thickness of the manufactured waste ash brick could be satisfied with $90{\pm}2mm\;and\;57{\pm}2mm$, respectively which are K.S. standards of products qualities. And in case of length, only 20-Ba50Ss30, 20-Ba60Wb20 and 20-Ba50Wb30 for the mixing ratios could be satisfied with $190{\pm}2mm$ that is K.S. standards of products quality. The compressive strength and water absorption for 20-Ba50Ss30 and 20-Ba70Wb10 were over $8N/mm^2$ and below 15% respectively that are K.S. standards of manufactured waste ash brick. The results of tests for the heavy metals leaching in the all manufactured waste ash bricks are also passed to the wastes management regulations. The cost analysis of 20-Ba50Ss30 is evaluated. The manufacturing cost is evaluated 34.3 won/brick with 8 hours and 20tons of raw material per day. Incinerators with problems in bottom ash disposal can therefore derive significant benefits from the application of waste ash brick production.
폭굉제어기에 의한 수소 . 아세틸렌 산소 혼합가스의 폭굉제어
김한석,문정기 한국산업안전학회 1991 한국안전학회지 Vol.6 No.2
Quenching effects of acetylene and hydrogen into oxygen detonation by using detonation arrester [DA] are studied in this paper. The experiments were carried out in cylinderical shock tube, 5m long, 30㎜ dia., with storchiometric ratio [SR] of each gas and 10-120μCell Size of brass and Stainless Steel of DAs were installed in it. To clarify arresting ability correlation with initial pressure, Pi, critical thickness, Tct, and shapes of supporting panel of DA are also investigated. It is found that -detonation velocities has most dependency on Pi, it shows notable changes around 0.5Kgf/㎠ for hydrogen. 0.5Kgf/㎠ for acetylen respectively, -DA can be safety device able to arrest shock wave of detonation, -over Tct flame transmission might be only the factor has to be considered, -acetylene seems to be much more stronger detonation characteristircs than hydrogen because of reaction heat.
김한석,김은선,손진아,이은희,최은진,이현주,이진아,최창원,김이경,김병일,최중환 대한신생아학회 2010 Neonatal medicine Vol.17 No.1
Purpose:Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants is a major problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and it has been related to long-term growth deficit and neurodevelopmental issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of and risk factors for EUGR. Methods:The study subjects consisted of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks that were born at the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital between November 2005 and April 2009. EUGR was defined as weight for gestation lower that the 10th percentile on discharge. Results:The frequency of EUGR was 67% (n=111/166). By multiple logistic regression, the presence of small for gestational age (SGA) was the greatest predictor of EUGR, birth weight and daily weight gain during the first 28 days were independent predictors of EUGR. Risk factors for EUGR in non-SGA infants were evaluated because 56% (64/114) of non-SGA infants developed EUGR at discharge. Daily weight gain in the first 28 days was also decreased in EUGR group and independently predicted the risk of EUGR in the non-SGA group. Conclusion:EUGR was common problem in the NICU. SGA was the most significant predictive factor of the EUGR. Half of non-SGA infants also developed EUGR, poor weight gain in the early days was as an important predictor. These results support the importance of early nutritional intervention for weight gain which have lagged behind other modern therapeutic interventions when the infant is clinically unstable. 목적:극소 저체중 출생아(very low birth weight infants, VLBWIs)의 자궁 외 성장지연(extrauterine growth restriction, EUGR)은 NICU에서 중요한 문제로 제기되고 있고, 향후 성장과 뇌신경발달 이상과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 단일 기관에서의 NICU에서 EUGR의 빈도와 위험요인들을 조사하고 분석하여, 교정이 가능한 요인들을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법:2005년 11월부터 2009년 4월까지 만 3년 6개월간 서울대학교 병원에서 출생하여 서울대학교 NICU 에 입원하였던 출생 체중 1,500 g 미만이면서 출생 시 재태 주령이 32주 이하인 VLBWIs의 의무기록지를 후향적인 방법으로 조사하였다. 퇴원시의 체중이 그 시점의 자궁 내 재태 주령에 해당하는 체중에 비해 10백분위수 미만일 때 EUGR로 정의하였다. 결과:전체 대상 환아 중 EUGR은 67% (111/166)였고, EUGR과 관련된 요인들을 다변량 분석을 하였을 때 SGA여부가 EUGR의 가장 큰 위험요소였고(OR 9.9, P=0.000), 출생 체중과 생후 첫 28일까지 kg당 하루 평균 체중 증가가 적은 것도 EUGR의 독립적인 위험요소였다(P=0.034, P=0.003). SGA가 아닌 환아들의 56% (64/114)에서 EUGR이 되었기 때문에 non-SGA그룹에서도 EUGR의 예측 요인들을 분석하였다. Non- SGA 그룹에서 적은 출생 체중과 호흡곤란증후군, 저혈압, 패혈증과 같은 질병 이환이 EUGR과 관련된 위험요인들이었고, 다변량 분석하였을 때, non-SGA 그룹에서도 생후 첫 28일까지 kg당 하루 평균 체중 증가가 적은 것이 독립적인 EUGR의 위험요인이었다(P=0.001). 결론:극소 저체중아에서 EUGR의 유병률은 높았고, SGA 여부가 EUGR의 가장 중요한 위험 요소였다. Non- SGA 환아들의 반 이상에서도 EUGR이 발생하였고, 생후 첫 28일간 kg당 하루 평균 체중 증가가 적은 것이 중요한 예측 요인이어서 생후 초반에 적절한 성장이 이루어지지 않으면 이후에 따라잡기 성장이 힘든 것을 알 수 있었다. 극소 저체중아의 생후 초반기는 임상적으로 불안정한 시기여서 영양 공급과 성장의 문제가 뒷전에 놓일 수 있지만, EUGR의 발생과 관련하여 초기 영양 공급의 적절성에 대한 모니터 및 교정이 좀 더 적극적으로 필요하다.