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결핵균 PPD, 30-kDa 및 TSP 항원에 의한 치료전 폐결핵환자 말초혈액 단핵구의 IL-12 및 TNF-α 생성능
송창화,조은경,이지숙,김대수,임재현,김운옥,남현희,김화중,백태현,박정규,Song, Chang-Hwa,Jo, Eun-Kyeong,Lee, Ji-Suk,Kim, Dae-Su,Lim, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Un-Ok,Nam, Hyeon-Hui,Kim, Hwa-Jung,Paik, Tae-Hyun,Park, Jeong-Kyu 대한면역학회 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.3
To determine if initial infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis changes the balance of cytokines between T cells and macrophages, we evaluated interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$), interleukin-12 (IL)-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ productions by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 untreated active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and 12 healthy tuberculin reactors (HTR). Freshly isolated PBMC were stimulated with Triton X-100 solubilized protein (TSP), 30-kDa or purified protein derivatives (PPD) antigen for 6, 18 and 96 hours. IL-12 p40 production by antigen-stimulated PBMC from TB patients was significantly decreased compared with that in HTR. In addition, IFN-${\gamma}$ production was significantly depressed in TB patients than that in HTR at a 96-hr stimulation. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ production was significantly higher in antigen-stimulated PBMC from TB than that of HTR. A pronounced increase in IFN-${\gamma}$ protein followed neutralization of IL-10 in early TB patients. However, neutralization of TNF-${\alpha}$ did not significantly alter IFN-${\gamma}$ induction in PBMC from TB patients. There were no significantly differences in the cytokine productions among three proteins, TSP, 30-kDa or PPD antigen. These results indicate that development of TB may be strongly associated with dysregulated productions of IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, during the initial immune responses to M. tuberculosis. Further understanding of operative cytokine networks during human immune cell responses to protein antigens of M. tuberculosis may improve strategies for vaccine development.
韓國영유아 運動行動發達에 關한 硏究 : 特히 영유아의 運動, 探索, 社會, 習慣, 言語등의 各行動 發達과 그의 身體 및 骨發育 및 環境과의 相互關聯性에 對하여
宋昌華 경북대학교 의학연구소 1964 慶北醫大誌 Vol.5 No.1
During the past decade physical and mental development studies of Korean children have been made. In these studies, physical growth including height, weight, head and chest circumference, and the Bone Age, were standardized The author1s present study was undertaken in an attempt to establish the range of normal mental development of physical and motor activity for the Korean form newborn to 3 years of age. 2053 normal children (1139 boys and 914 girls) living in various parts of the country were examined by direct observation and questionary check method which is simple in its procedure and easy to determine. The relationship between physical and osseous development and the mental development was also investigated. A comparison of the developmental quotient (D.Q.) also was made among Korean and Japanese, American, children. The characteristics of child growth and development can aid in understanding normal children both mentally and physically. Intelligent handling of children requires a knowledge of how children grow and how such growth can be favorably influenced. Doctors who do not understand normal children are handicapped in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal children. Children are particuiarly in need of guidance from doctors, as well as from teachers, child health workers and others outside the home environment. If we know something of the sequence of growth we should be able to provide instruction which would help children to make the best of each phase and prepare better for each ensuing phase. On looking over the literature regarding these studies on oriental children, a few reports were made by japanese authors. However no data or standard is available by which to evaluate the D.Q. for Korean children. Foreigh standard are not applicable to Korean children. Thus it is strongly urged that physicians working in the field of pediatrics and public health develop a new standard applicable to the evaluation of mental status of Korean children. The authors have attempted to establish simple method to evaluate Development of physical and motor activity the standard of mental development of Korean children. We have applied methods which combines both crosssectional and longitudinal studies. These concern the measuring and testing of normal Korean children from birth to three years of age. Between 1961 and 1964, 2053 children (1139 boys, 914 girls) have been examined. In order to evaluate the D.Q., total 268 items of tests were applied to the five areas (motor, behavior, speech, eating habit, social development etc.) according to age, sex, feeding method, geographical, socioeconomic standard. the relationship between physical measurement and mental development, and also skeletal maturation. A comparison of the D.Q. was ,made betweem rural and urban children, breast fed and artificially fed, orphaned children and those raised in the home envioronment. A comparison of D.Q. was also made between Korean and foreign children including Japanese and American. The data and results of the studies are summarized in Fig. I, and 10. In order to evaluate the status of the mental development of Korean children, the developmental patterns were classified (divided) into 5areas of development. These included 268 items and 18 groups, according to the age, and geographical distribution. Results: 1. The range of the normal D.Q. is much wider than that of the physical and skeletal development. 2. The average D.Q. of boys (D.Q.=110,4) was higher than that of girls (D.Q.=108,5) through all age groups, except from 5 to 10 months of age. 3. In comparing the D.Q. of Korean and japanese children, the range of D.Q. among the Korean children was slightly higher than that of Japanese children in all age group. 4. the motor development of Korean infants was somewhat ahead of the American children (infants). 5. The D.Q. of the breast fed children were higher than those of the artificially fed children (D.Q.=112.8: D.Q.=106.9) 6. A comparison of D.Q. was made between 238 orphan children and 336 ordinary children raised in their homes. In this comparison,the D.Q. of the orphan children were lower than those of ordinary children in all age groups. 7. No significant relationship was found either between physical and mental development, or between skeletal maturation and mental development.
국내 X-관련성 범저감마글로불린혈증 세가족에 대한 Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase 단백질 발현 및 유전자 변이 분석
송창화,조은경,박정규,김정수,홍수종,이재호,Song, Chang-Hwa,Jo, Eun-Kyeong,Park, Jeong-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Soo,Hong, Soo-Jong,Lee, Jae-Ho 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.3
목 적: 본 연구에서는 임상적으로 XLA로 진단받고 현재 치료 중인 국내 환아 세가족의 네명의 환아와 모친 등을 대상으로 말초혈액 단핵구의 Btk 단백질 발현과 Btk 유전자 변이를 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 말초혈액 단핵구의 Btk 발현도를 항 Btk 항체를 이용한 유세포측정을 통해 분석하고 직접 염기서열 분석에 의해 Btk 유전자 변이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 환아들의 B 림프구의 발현은 2.1% 미만으로 정상인에 비해 매우 저하되어 있었으며 유세포 측정에 의한 환아 단핵구 유래 Btk 단백질 발현도 1.0% 이하로 정상인에 비해 매우 감소되었다. 유전자 변이 분석 결과 XLA 가족 1과 3에서는 각각 intron 18과 intron 1의 짜집기 공여 위치 부위에서 1개의 점 돌연변이가 발견되었으며 cDNA상 짜집기 오류 현상을 야기하였다. 그리고 XLA 가족 2의 경우 exon 10을 포함하는 980 bp의 유전자 결손(intron 9+191T부터 intron 10-215C까지)이 발견되었으며 세계적으로 처음 보고되는 새로운 유전자 변이였다. 또한 가족 2의 경우 가족 중 환아에서 만 Btk 단백질 결핍 및 유전자 변이를 진단하여 국내 XLA의 환아 중 최초의 산발적인 발병 양상을 확인하였다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 임상적으로 XLA로 진단된 환아와 가족에 대한 항 Btk 항체를 이용한 유세포측정 방법은 XLA 환아 및 보인자의 진단에 매우 유용한 방법으로 생각된다. 또한 분자유전학 기법을 이용하여 Btk의 noncoding region을 포함한 광범위한 유전자 영역의 염기서열 분석을 시행한 결과 새로운 1개의 유전자 결손 및 2개의 점돌연변이에 의한 짜집기 오류를 확인하여 XLA를 최종 확진할 수 있었다. Purpose : X-linked agammaglobulinemia(XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by abnormalities in Bruton's tyrosine kinase(Btk), and is characterized by a deficiency of peripheral blood B cells. We studied cytoplasmic expression of Btk protein and analyzed the Btk gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) from three XLA families in Korea. Methods : Heparinized venous blood samples were collected from four XLA patients and additional family members in three unrelated XLA families. Mononuclear cells were separated from their blood and the intracellular Btk protein was characterized by a flow cytometry. The mutation analysis was performed using direct sequencing. Results : Cytoplasmic expression of Btk protein in monocytes was not detected in the patients with XLA. We observed a novel deletion and two point mutations within introns(intron 1 and intron 18) resulting in alternative splicings. In XLA family 2, a 980 bp deletion(from intron 9+191 T to intron 10-215 C) including exon 10 was found in patient P2. He was the only sporadic case in this study, because his mother and brother showed a normal Btk expression by flow cytometry. Conclusion : These identified genetic alterations support the molecular heterogeneity of Btk gene in XLA disease. Additionally, by means of flow cytometric analysis, we diagnosed three hypogammaglobulinemia patients as XLA. Advancements in diagnostic methods has facilitated a prompt and definite diagnosis of this disease.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses and Apoptosis
송창화,백승훈 대한미생물학회 2012 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.42 No.3
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in various cellular activities and cell survival. Almost all of the resident proteins usually enter the ER, and are modified with N-linked glycans and folded into the appropriate secondary and tertiary structures. When cells are faced with stressful conditions, unfolded proteins are accumulated in the ER. The discrepancies between the protein folding capacities and client protein load lead to ER stress. If the stress is prolonged,ER stress responses can activate apoptosis. ER stress-mediated apoptosis is implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases, including several neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and various infectious diseases. Thus, the ER is now considered as an important organelle that can decide cell survival or death. In this review, the recent progress on ER stress and apoptosis is summarized.
박피 레이저 치료 후 발생하는 염증 후 홍반과 색소 침착에 대한 표피 성장 인자 함유 연고의 효과에 관한 연구
송창화 ( Chang Hwa Song ),정유진 ( You Jin Jung ),고주연 ( Joo Yeon Ko ),노영석 ( Young Suck Ro ),김정은 ( Jeong Eun Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.10
Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates wound healing in various skin conditions, and EGFcontaining formulations can promote wound regeneration and help reduce complications after laser treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effect of EGF-containing ointment on wound regeneration after ablative laser treatment and laser-induced postinflammatory erythema (PIE) and hyperpigmentation (PIH). Methods: Twenty-five patients who required treatment with ablative laser on both sides of the face were enrolled and underwent one session of laser treatment. Postoperatively, all patients were instructed to apply the EGFcontaining ointment on the randomly assigned-hemifacial side, while gentamicin cream was applied on the opposite side. Investigators’ global assessment (IGA), evaluating general wound condition, erythema, pigmentation, and scab shedding, and patient’s global assessment (PGA), evaluating patient satisfaction with clinical improvement, were both measured at 1 week and 4 weeks after treatment. Objective assessments, including melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), were measured before treatment and at 1 week and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: The EGF-containing ointment showed better outcomes with IGA (1 week; p=0.02, 4 weeks; p=0.002) and PGA (1 week; p=0.04, 4 weeks; p=0.01) scores compared to gentamicin cream. Compared to gentamicin cream, treatment with EGF-containing ointment resulted in significantly lower EI (p=0.044) and MI (p=0.023), but skin hydration and TEWL between the two groups exhibited nonsignificant differences. Conclusion: EGF-containing ointment could be an effective adjuvant option for wound regeneration after ablative laser treatment and minimizing laser-induced PIE and PIH in Asian patients. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(10):761∼769)