딜라트렌정(카르베딜롤 25mg)에 대한 카베롤 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,이문석,박순철,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.4

Carvedilol is an antihypertensive and antianginal compound that combines nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking and vasodilation properties and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two carvedilol tablets, Dilatrend^TM (Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Carvelol^TM (Dae Won Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The carvedilol release from the two carvedilol tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB80 into water). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 24.22±1.86 years in age and 64.81±4.56 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 25 mg of carvedilol was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of carvedilol in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two carvedilol tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Dilatrend^TM were 2.23%, -2.00% and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=8 were less than 20% (e.g., 13.55% and 17.61% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 98.08% and 88.81%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within 20% (e.g., -5.69∼10.16 and -12.30∼8.30 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max, The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., 0.95∼1.11 and 0.89∼1.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Carvelol^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Dilatrend^TM tablet.

신원방우황청심원의 뇌허혈 및 중추신경계에 미치는 영향

조태순,이선미,이은방,조성익,김용기,신대희,박대규 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Abstract-In order to investigate pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(NSCH) and Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH), the effects of NSCH and SCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system were compared. Cerebral ischemia insult was performed using unilateral carotid artery occlusion in mongolian gerbils. The histological observations showed preventive effects of NSCH and SCH treatments with ischemia-induced brain damage. The ATP in brain tissue was decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by SCH treatment. In contrast to what was seen with ATP, lipid peroxide were elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by NSCH and SCH treatments. While NSCH and SCH had no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, they prevented the seizures induced by eletric shock and strychnine. NSCH and SCH showed sedative effect in rotarod and spontaneous activity test. Furthermore, NSCH and SCH showed anti-stress effect. Our findings suggest that the pharmacological profiles of NSCH on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system are similar to those of SCH.

광양만과 여수해만의 표층퇴적물에서 Nonylphenol의 오염에 관한 연구

조현서,김용옥,설순우,-- 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.6

This study was carried out to survey the pollution of nonvlphenol (NP) in surface sediments around Gwangyang bay and Yeosu sound. NP was suspected chemicals as endocrine disruption. Gwangyang bay is located on the mid south coast of Korea. It is a semi-closed bay which Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company) and Gwangyang container harbor are there. The surface sediments were collected at 15 stations with gravity corer at October, 1999, February, May and August, 2000. Also, the stream and intertidal sediment were collected at 5 sites at August, 2000. Concentrations of NP in surface sediments were in the range of 6.89 to 202.70 ng/g dry wt.. Seasonal range (mean value) of NP is 13.98 to 30.48 (23.46) ng/g dry wt. at October, 10.35 to 54.91 (28.10) ng/g dry wt. at February, 29.05 to 202.70 (82.32) ng/g dry wt. at May and 6.98 to 83.40 (25.37) ng/g dry wt. at August. NP was seasonally fluctuated, and the highest mean value and range was detected at May, 2000. NP was highly distributed in the inner part of Gwangyang bay than Yeosu sound. Concentrations of NP in stream and intertidal sediments showed the highest value in downstream near Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and Yondung stream. It suggests that the source of NP is industrial wastewater and municipal sewage.

유럽공동체 국가들의 환경정책에 관한 연구 : 환경영향평가제도를 중심으로 비교분석 A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment

조해용,강순국 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Environmental problems emerged as common global problems awaiting solution. Active collaborative efforts are required of nations and communities in order to solve environmental problems effectively. International collaboration occurs much more commonly these days than before, and European Community(EC) mumber countries are no exceptions. EC has established and executed the five-year programs on Environmental Policy Implementation, which explicated basic principles for environmental policy development, since 1973. EC programs tend to emphasize that the direction of the policies should reflect a change from a remedial approach to a preventive approach. Those programs have brought an awareness of the importance of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) to EC member countries. France installed an EIA system in 1976, which was the first among member countries. Several other member countries also established a system. EC decided that a common guideline was necessary, and therefore formulated the "European Community Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment" in 1985. All member countries were required to legislate an EIA system within three years, according to the Guideline. This study will conduct a comparative analysis of the current EIA systems of different EC member countries. The findings of this study will provide helpful information on how to improve the efficacy of the Korean system.

中, 長鎖脂肪 添加食餌가 cholesterol 投與 흰쥐의 血中脂質에 미치는 影響

曺貞淳,李容億,丁承台 明知大學校 自然科學硏究所 1987 자연과학논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of the study was to find and effect of medium chain triglyceride(MCT) diet on the serum lipids of spraque-Dawely rats when they were fed with 1% cholesterol. All experimental groups were fed with 1% cholesterol and at the same time, fed with different diet such as Soybean oil, Palm oil, Coconut oil, MCT mixed with Palm oil and MCT mixed Soybean oil respectively. After fed to each group, the levels of serum lipids among fed rats were examined and the data form the experiment were compared with a Control group. The result were as follows : (1) The body weight gain in MCT diet group and MCT mixed with Soybean diet group were lighter than that of the control group. (2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were very lower than that of the Control group. (3) VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the Control group. But the levels of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol in the MCT diet group was slightly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups. (4) HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental groups were higher than that of the Control group. But the levels of HDL-cholesterol levels in the MCT diet group was slightly lower than that of all the experimental groups. (5) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, so called Atherogenic index in serum of all the experimental diet groups were significantly lower than that of the Control diet group. The levels of Atherogenic index in the MCT diet group was slightly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups. (6) Phospholipid levels in serum of MCT diet group was lower than that of all the experimental diet groups, but the ration of Total cholesterol to Phospholipid in serum was increased. (7) Triglyceride levels in serum of MCT diet group and mixed diet groups with MCT were significantly higher than that of all the experimental diet groups.

투기종목 선수들의 무산소성 역치의 특성

조현철,송순천,김춘경,김의영,안용규,이규석,김학렬 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the present study is to determine the levels of maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of boxing players(n=23), ken-do players(n=18), Judo players(n=12), T.D.K players(n=18). Treadmill test was used to measure maximal state and anaerobic threshold of metabolic variables. Treadmill exercises protocol was 2-min incremental test from an initial work load of 0MPH(grade : 0%) to all-out by step of 1.0MPH(grade : 2%). The results of measurement was as follows : 1. Absolute(1/min) and relative(ml/kg/min) maximal oxygen uptake was highest(5.08l/min, 65.01 ml/kg/min) in Judo layers, followed in order by the T.D.K players (4.37l/min, 64.74 ml/kg/min), Boxing players(4.18) l/min, 63.19 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(3.81l/min, 58.65 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the relative maximal oxygen uptake, but is significant difference between group in the absolute maximal oxygen uptake(p<0.001) 2. AT-VO₂(l/min) and AT-VO₂(ml/kg/min) in the anaerobic threshold was highest (3.71 l/min, 47.28 ml/kg/min) in Judo players, followed in order by the T.K.D players(3.29 l/min, 48.75 ml/kg/min), boxing players(2.90 l/min, 43.91 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(2.82 l/min, 43.52 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the AT-V02(ml/kg/min), but is significant difference between group in the AT-V02(l/min). (p<0.001) 3. %HRmax and %V 02max in the anaerobic threshold was not significant difference between group.

신원방우황청심원액의 뇌허혈 및 중추신경계에 대한 약효

조태순,이선미,이은방,조성익,김용기,신대희,박대규 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Abstract-In order to investigate pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid(NSCL) and Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid(SCL), the effects of NSCL and SCL on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system were compared. Cerebral ischemia insult was performed using unilateral carotid artery occlusion in mongolian gerbils. The histological observations showed a preventive effect of NSCL and SCL treatments with ischemia-induced brain damage. The ATP in brain tissue was decreased in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This decrease was prevented by NSCL and SCL treatment. In contrast to what was seen with ATP, lipid peroxide were elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic gerbils. This elevation was inhibited by NSCL and SCL treatments. While NSCL and SCL had no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, they showed sedative effect in rotarod and spontaneous activity test. NSCL and SCL prevented the seizures induced by electric shock and strychnine, but the effect of NSCL was less than that of SCL. Furthermore, NSCL and SCL showed anti-stress effect. Our findings suggest that the phamacological profiles of NSCL on cerebral ischemia and central nervous system are similar to those of SCL.

딜라트렌 정(카르베딜롤 25 mg)에 대한 카베롤 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,이문석,박순철,임동구,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Carvedilol is an antihypertensive and antianginal compound that combines nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking and vasodilation properties and is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two carvedilol tablets, Dilatrend^TM (Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Carvelol^TM (Dae Won Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The carvedilol release from the two carvedilol tablets in vitro was tested using KP ⅦI Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, water and blend of PSB80 into water). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 24.22±1.86 years in age and 64.81±4.56㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 25㎎ of carvedilol was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of carvedilol in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two carvedilol tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed AUC_t, and C_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Dilatrend^TM were 2.23%, -2.00% and 0.00%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 13.55% and 17.61% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were 98.08% and 88.81%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -5.69~10.16 and -12.30~8.30 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(l.25) (e.g., 0.95~1.11 and 0.89~1.09 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Carvelol^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Dilatrend^TM tablet.

영어 학습자가 겪는 한국어의 구문적 영향 : Cases of English and Korean

조순영 한국현대영미어문학회 2000 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.5 No.-

In this study, I tried to find out the main reason why it is difficult for Korean students to master this foreign language, English. It is generally accepted that the learners of a foreign language can acquire the new patterns and units efficiently if they systematically master the learning problems arising due to differences between their native language and the language to be learned. In the part dealing with grammatical aspects, I compared English grammatical structure and Korean grammatical structure by making a research item by item. Unlike English, Korean is a SOV language, where the most important item is the verb. And the order of items in the Korean sentence is quite flexible. Unconsciously, the Korean learners of English are easy to be interfered by the factor of native language especially in the usage of zero- pronoun, word-order, sentence pattern, structural patterns and so on. By giving special attention to the importance of communicative competence, I put special emphasis on the importance of Communicative Approach for Koreans in learning English. I maintained that a well-founded linguistic system is essential in learning English effectively. Therefore, the learners should have a full knowledge of the grammatical structure and the actual usage of the target language.

일반아동, 정신지체아동과 학습장애아동의 사회적 기술 발달 경향

조용태,김순자 대진대학교 1999 大眞論叢 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore the developmental trends in social skills of the normal, mental retardation, and learning disabilities children at primary schools. A total of 314 children(100 normal children, 100 mental retardation children, and 114 learning disabilities children) participated in this study. Social skills(Cooperation, Assertion, and Self-control skill) of children measured by Gresham and Elliott's Social Skills Rating System(SSRS). The results of the study were as followings: First, social skill of the normal children was found to be linear trend. However, social skill of the mental retardation and learning disabilities children were not found consistent trend. Second, cooperative skill within social skills of the normal, mental retardation, and learning disabilities children were found to be linear trend. Third, assertive skill within social skills of the normal children was found to be linear trend. However, assertive skill of the mental retardation and learning disabilities children were not found to be consistent trend. Forth, self-control skill within social skill of the normal and mental retardation children were found to be linear trend. However, self-control skill of the learning disabilities children was not found to be consistent trend.