Graham Greene 소설의 소재가 되는 여행기 분석(Ⅰ) : Journey Without Maps

김용출 한국현대영미어문학회 2002 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.7 No.1

This thesis aims at the study of Graham Greene's Travel Writings as the sources of his novels, such as Brighton Rock(1938), and The Heart of the Matter(1948). When he was in the childhood, he was very much interested in traveling in strange countries in his mind. To realize his early dreams, he left England for the first time as a young man. He traveled West Africa without the maps. His travel was to project his child's imagination during his Berkamsted school. The background of Brighton Rock is the terrains he expiored, West Africa, where an atomosphere of fear and menace prevailed. The cruel and wicked world described in his travel writings became the background of Brighton Rock in the civilized one. Brighton Rock deals with Pinky who indulges in murdering as an incarnation of evil. The background of The Heart of the Matter is Freetown. West Africa, which Graham Greene wrote his first travel writing about. The fear he felt there proves idele for when he next has the opportunity to describe the town, in the novel The Heart of the Matter, he again seems capable of recalling only the sense of squalor, ugliness, and decay that pervaded the place. Greene says in the travelogue that Africa suggests to him not a particular place but a shape which is roughly that of the human heart. Journey without Maps is the first travel writing that Graham Greene wrote about his journey. His travel book, the Liberian adventure, is called the "turning point" in Greene's development as a writer and accordingly describes Journey without Maps as the pivotal item on the list of his writings. Following the Lierian journey, however, the focus and quality of his novels changes. Greene is for the first time intent on suggesting the dimensions of the unsolvable mystery of the human condition, beyond or beneath and sociological or historical or psychological explanation.

Address Manners and Politeness in Korean

Lee, Yong-jong,Kang, Bong-jae 한국현대영미어문학회 2000 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.5 No.-

This paper investigates how address manners are employed by some married Korean couples toward their spouses in ordinary and some specific settings. We have discussed social implications underlying the choice of address manners by the subjects. It was found in ordinary setting that the wives in general choose toward their spouses the address manners relatively high in the level of politeness than husbands do. It was also found that four variables assumed earlier were not related to this asymmetrical pattern in linguistic choices. When members of a given dyad attempt to employ certain address forms toward each other, they are likely to be more influenced by the social structure in which their social statuses are realized than by other frequently assumed factors (e.g. age, age difference, and etc.), as Korean subjects demonstrated here.

ESL 상황에서의 영시지도 방향

전조영 한국현대영미어문학회 2000 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.5 No.-

The main aspect of this study would be placed on the application of English poetry in the ESL Situation. First, I suggest some criteria to use English poetry in ESL Situation. It would be how we use English poetry and how we limit the use of it. Second, I suggest the reason why we should use English poetry in the ESL Situation. In practice, most teachers avoid using English poetry in the classroom because it might cause trouble because of some difficulties, e.g. 'linguistic difficulty, cultural difficulty, conceptual difficulty, and acceptance difficulty.' In spite of that, if we use it in the classroom, we can provide students with the opportunity to get some advantages in several aspects, e.g. 'in educational, emotional, cultural, linguistic and esthetic aspects.' Third, I suggest the criteria to select the appropriate poetry text for the ESL Situation. It mainly deals with how to choose the texts which can arouse the students' motivation and interest and improve their communicative competence. Fourth, I suggest some examples in which it might be possible to apply practically to the ESL Situation. As Fennessey says "Inspiration arises from an enthusiastic teacher, the words of someone as eloquent as Hughes, and the students themselves," teacher, text and student should be harmonized in the classroom. What is the most important thing would be teachers' enthusiasm. If there is a controversy about using English poetry in the ESL Situation, it should be centered not on whether English poetry should or should not be a part of classroom activities of English, but on how, when, where, and why it should be used.

Byron과 Wordsworth의 자연관 비교 : Childe Harold's Pilgrimage와 Tintern Abbey 중심으로

정원미 한국현대영미어문학회 2002 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.7 No.1

This study seeks to compare Byron's view of nature with Words worth's view of nature. Both poets represented the Romantic period but their tendencies of writings are prominently different from each other. Especially they have disparate points of view about nature. Wordsworth's works are written under the English Romantic Movement whose roots lie in the eighteen centur. Lide other library fashions, romanticism started as a reaction to the tradition of neo-classicism. Wordsworth gathered up isolated ideas, organized them in to a coherent theory based on explicit critical principles, and made them the rationale for his own massive achievements as a poet. He led the reaction of feeling against form to the nineteenth century concept of poetry as expression, an impassioned product of the poet's mind and heart. Wordsworth thought that the true appearance of Nature led external world to spiritual presence, and animistic abjects to tutleary power. The animistic belief in his childhood was intensified into the pantheistic one. These factors were transferred to his poems. His mission as a poet was to interpret nature and convey the results to his works. Nature is the primary source of poetry. The ultimate aim for Wordsworth to pursue in nature is to promote morality. The poet's duties are to search for universal principles and to teach them to humanity. The moral lesson which Wordsworth gained in nature was well represented in Tintern Abbey. Byron was the later romanticist who had mixed pure Classicism and the passionate Romanticism and had understood the frustration and the irony of the age precisely. In the past of negation and skepticism, in the metaphysics of rebellion and transcendence and in the complex civilizations of the acute satire and the sarcasm he tried to solve he conflicts throught the Nature. But finally he awared that Nature cannot suggest him a solution to his agonies. Child Harold shows the early Byron most deeply clinging to the dream of transcending the material conditions of life. This does not mean that he was assured of the realization of that dream but that he was trapped in an intransigent despair due to the awareness of its impossibility. An evaluation Byron in the Romanti context is attempted for a suggestion of his sharing and parting with other English Romantic Poets. While they, confronting the demythified nature, turn their experience of fear reconstructively into a final rest with the imagination or another version of metaphysics of self-projection, Byron is seen as a persistent demythifier, and unrefracted Romantic poet.

"두 그루의 나무"와 "재림"을 통해 본 신화의 이용

한기웅 한국현대영미어문학회 2002 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.7 No.1

In the beginnign, there was the world created by God. And there were also many worlds by gods. And there were many stories connected with them. We called those stories mythology. And we've ourselves made many other stories which we call llegend. These willl continue to bear other stories as until now. There have been a lot of authors who have made stories in the world. Yeats was one of them in the middle of mythology and legend even occultism. He ceated another myth in the basis of originals instead of ignorance. Therefore, Mythology has a significant meaning to himself because he created a new structure about it by giving plot. In this article, I have checked the new structure in the two poems,"The Two Trees." "The Second Coming," though there are manyother famous poems such as "Leda and Swan," "Two Songs from a Play," "Sailing to Byzantium," "The Tower," etc. The two poems have the expressions which present the gyre. Gyre is, according to Curtis Bradford explanation. The word 'gyre' does not occur very frquently in Yeats's poetry. When it does, as in his late poem "The Gyres,' it is usually emblematic of the cyclical process of history. In the cancelled lines where Yeats first introduced 'gyre,' into the drafts of "Sailing to Byzantium," it was applied to the protagonist' he was "immovable, or moving in a gyre." This is Yeats's way of saying that he was involved in the historic process. Now Yeats has his protagonist beseech the sages to leave momentarily the holy fire which symbolizes their enernal ecstasy and enter the gyre again in order that they may "be the singing masters of my soul," may help him put off the 'dying animal' and enter the 'artifice of eternity,' helps him, that is, to become a golden bird singing on a golden bough(112). The end of an age, which always receives the revelation of the character of the next age, is represented by the coming of one gyre to its place of greatest expansion and of the other to that of its greatest contraction. At the present moment the life gyre is sweeping outward, unlike that before the birth of Christ which was narrowing, and has alomost reached its greatest expansion. The revelation which approaches will however take its character from the ontrary moverment of the interior gyre. All lour scientific, democratic, fact-accumulating, heterogeneous civilization belongs to the outward gyre and prepares not the continuance of itself but the revelation as in a lightning flash, though in a flash that will not stricke only in one place, and will for a time be constantly repeated, of the civilization that must slowly take its place... when the revelation comes it willl not come to the poor but to the great and learned and establish again for two thousand years prine and vizier.

휘트먼의 죽음과 재생의 의미

윤선경 한국현대영미어문학회 2002 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.7 No.1

Whitman expressed death and rebirth in his Leaves of Grass. Turning away from the literary tradition in his days, he wrote his poems with various forms of Modern free verse, and frankly approached subjects that were not openly discussed. Death was explored deeply in his old age. He doubted death annulle Self, but his conmic Self was in contact with immortality. In it, his poet attitude and conception entered the world of mysticism. As for the poet death bestowed all human being sequally and was not a fearful matter Rather, it was a process that gave birth to new life. In Karma which determines the form of the next reirth, all livingthings were reborn to participate in a process of cosmic evolution. Overcoming fear caused from the fear of death, there was no death in the poet's world. His Leaves of Grass was written with such deep poet mind and imagination. In accordance with such thoughts, his unique poet view which was distinguished from that of his days, was established.

William Blake의 분노와 진정

전조영 한국현대영미어문학회 2001 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.6 No.1

William Blake is an imaginative artist. He tried to express the new world passing through the Innocence and the Experience. Blake's major theme is suggested in his subtitle to The Songs of Innocence and Experience "Shewing the Two Contrary Sates of the Human Soul." The contraries are necessary for progression of the human soul's development. Innocence is characteristic of the child and the lamb. Innocence is the world where all things are harmonious with human being. In this world, the human nature is good and virtuous, and God reside in human being. But, this world will change into the Experience. Experience is symbolized by adult world. This world is ruled by laws and ethics. We can see the human ruled by reason. This world is full of hypocrisy, jealousy, laws, and Churches. There is also pain, grief and sorrow in man's life. But we can reach the new world passing through the Innocence and Experience. To reach the new world, he insisted we should have the imagination. The imagination is the key of the world. For Blake, the imagination is "the Eternal Body of Man", which is indispensible for a man to live in the new world. If he loses the imagination, he becomes a lapsed soul in the temporal and mortal world.

인터넷을 이용한 영어교육이 초등학교 3학년 학생들의 흥미도, 듣기, 어휘력 향상에 미치는 영향

이동한,김현영 한국현대영미어문학회 2000 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of how internet could develop listening comprehension and vocabulary ability and interest for primary school English learners. To achieve this purpose, the two groups were selected. The experimental group was given individualized work with internet in multi-media classroom. The control group did various other activities either individually or in groups such as sing songs and playing games. The major findings are as follows: the listening compression and vocabulary ability were improved in experimental group. Under the limited circumstances, internet may be one of the best way to improve listening comprehension and vocabulary ability. Learning English using computer through the internet is effective and recommendable method.

영어 듣기 지도 학습법

조순영 한국현대영미어문학회 2001 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.6 No.1

One of the most difficult aspects of learning English is comprehending the pronunciation. This study attempts to explore main factors that make it difficult for Korean students to listen to the English language. The qualitative analysis based on observation of students who committed pronounciation errors in class is shown and compared in the full conviction that this study will make a contribution in improving their pronunciation. Especially by giving special attention to the rules of natural pronunciation and stress of words, students can be strongly motivated to improve English so that they can communicate confidently and strengthen the ability of listening comprehension. In this paper the language teaching method reflects recognition of the importance of Audio-lingual Method with emphasis on listening practice through audiovisual aids. And it is widely believed that communicative competence will ultimately be based on well developed listening comprehension.

The Zoo Story에 드러난 인간관계의 양상

崔容勛 한국현대영미어문학회 2001 The Journal of KACELLS Vol.6 No.1

In the tradition of American drama, Edward Albee has taken a specific place as one of the most competent and intelligent playwrights. Throughout his long career, he has attracted much attention from the audience and critics alike. But his success as a major dramatist was never attained by accident but a natural product of his early interest in writing novels and poems. Albee's early plays are closely related to his individual life. His departure from literary convention and his temperament as a bum have much to do with a tragic situation in which he was placed as a deserted child. Though adopted by a rich family, he couldn't escape from his spiritual wandering and agony. In particular, he was the very picture of criticism against the corrupted bourgeois society. As shown in his careers, his life, in essence, is the continuation of wandering. Roaming along the streets of New York, he saw a lot of people from almost all walks of life. Their lives and expreriences are deeply embedded in his early plays. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that six of his nine early plays are about 'a deserted child' and 'a permanent transient.' In The Zoo Story, Albee touchingly describes a social outcast isolated from other people and the world. The two characters, Jerry and Peter, are the ordinary people we come across on the streets. But they are also the allegory of fundamental human loneliness and alienation regardless of time and place. In Jerry and Peter, we can find the image of ourselves in a modern society. This paper aims to analyze the aspects of human relations as suggested in The Zoo Story. For this, it deals with the four main categories of human relations; the absence of communication, sexual obssession, animalistic nature, and physical contacts and violence. All these concepts have constituted the philosophical background of Albee's plays. His main concern was to suggest a more univeral human situation and a dilemma facing a contemporary society. In The Zoo Story, Albee shows how human relations are distorted and how eager we have been to get out of human isolation and alienation. But he is never a pessimist. By giving religious implications to Jerry's death, Albee suggests the possibility of change in distorted human relations. While caputring the dark side of human relations and the contemporary society, the playwright also talks about new hope and optimism.