Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions to First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System

Soo Jie Chung,Sun-ju Byeon,Jeong-Hee Choi 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.16

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs are common; however, there have been few reports of nationwide epidemiologic studies on ADRs to anti-TB drugs in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of various ADRs to first-line anti-TB drugs using a nationwide database of ADRs. Methods: We used the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database (2009– 2018). The study subjects were selected using the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases codes for pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and electronic data interchange codes for isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (ETB), and pyrazinamide (PZA). The causality assessment of “possible,” “probable,” or “certain” by World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center System causality category was selected. Results: A total of 1,562,024 ADRs were reported in the KIDS-KAERS database from 2009 to 2018, where ADRs to first-line anti-TB drugs were 17,843 cases (1.14%). The most common causative drugs were RIF (28.7%), INH (24.0%), ETB (23.4%), and PZA (23.9%) in that order. 48.5% of cases were reported in the older patients (≥ 60 years). According to organ system, gastro-intestinal system disorder was most common (32.0%), followed by skin and appendage (25.9%), liver and biliary system (14.2%). Nausea was the most common ADR (14.6%), followed by hepatic enzyme elevation (14.2%), rash (11.7%), pruritus (9.1%), vomiting (8.9%), and urticaria (4.2%). Most ADRs appeared within 1 month, but ADRs such as neuropathy, paresthesia, hematologic abnormalities, renal function abnormalities and liver enzyme abnormality were also often reported after 2 months. Conclusion: Our data are clinically informative for recognizing and coping with ADRs of antiTB drugs.

Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-TB Drugs for Latent TB Infection; Using KAERS Database

( Soo Jie Chung ),( Sun-ju Byeon ),( Jeong-hee Choi ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0

Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has a high prevalence of around 25% worldwide. However, there are very few studies on adverse drug reactions to anti-TB drugs for LTBI. Objective: This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of various ADRs to anti-TB drugs in LTBI using a nationwide database of ADRs. Methods We used the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database (2016-2019). The study subjects were selected using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for LTBI and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) codes for Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF). The causality assessment of ‘possible’, ‘probable’, or ‘certain’ by WHO-UMC causality category was selected. The data were analyzed using R.4.0.2. Results A total of 499 cases were found from 371 ADR reports to INH and/or RIF in LTBI treatment. Male was 106 (21.2%), female was 205 (41.1%), and 136 cases (36.7%) were more than 50 yrs. According to treatment type, the frequency of ADRs was most common in INH/RIF (160); followed by INH (115), and RIF (96). According to organ system, liver and biliary system disorder was most frequent in INH (88/115, 76.5%), and in INH/RIF (100/160, 62.5%). However, skin and appendages disorders are most common in RIF (47/96, 49%). Rate of discontinuation was highest at RIF (46/96, 70%) followed by INH/RIF (57/160, 35,6%), and INH (49/160, 30%). The main cause of discontinuation was hepatic function abnormality in INH and INH/RIF while skin reactions in RIF. According to the time of ADR occurrence, gastrointestinal and skin symptoms appeared within one month, but hepatic dysfunction were occurred after three months in all regimens. Conclusions Information about ADRs in LTBI especially according to different regimen will be clinically informative to recognize and cope with ADRs of LTBI treatment.

An unexpected association between the blood bilirubin level and eosinophil count

( Soo Jie Chung ),( Suh-young Lee ),( So-hee Lee ),( Sun Sin Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: Little is known about blood markers related to eosinophils in healthy individuals. We aimed to identify blood markers from routine tests associated with blood eosinophil count (BEC) in healthy individuals. Methods: Based on the complex interactions among blood markers, we used comprehensive analysis methods (regression, Bayesian network [BN], and partial correlation) and a health check-up database. To test consistency, we repeated the analysis using data from 3 check-ups of the same healthy individual. Results: A total of 12,625 individuals were enrolled in this study. Four groups were defined according to sex and smoking status: nonsmoking men (n=1,737), smoking men (n=6,518), nonsmoking women (n=3,995), and smoking women (n=375). The blood bilirubin and γ-glutamyltransferase levels showed significant associations with BEC by regression analysis. However, BN analysis found that only the bilirubin node was directly connected to the BEC node. By partial correlation analysis, the blood bilirubin level showed significantly negative association with BEC. The same results were obtained across all the 3 health check-ups, except in smoking women. In addition, a lower blood bilirubin level predicted a significantly elevated BEC (especially ≥200/μL). The blood bilirubin levels measured at 3 time-points were significantly associated with BEC in men and nonsmoking women. Conclusion: The blood bilirubin level, which is easily obtained by routine test in clinical practice, may be a useful marker for BEC. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2023;11:151-160)

한국인 음식물 의존성 운동유발 아나필락시스의 임상적 특성 분석

정수지 ( Soo Jie Chung ),심지수 ( Jisu Shim ),김형준 ( Hyung-jun Kim ),손경희 ( Kyoung-hee Sohn ),강성윤 ( Sung-yoon Kang ),강민규 ( Min-gyu Kang ),박한기 ( Han-ki Park ),강혜련 ( Hye-ryun Kang ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.4 No.6

Purpose: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a rare subtype of food allergy in which both sensitization to food allergen and exercise as a trigger contribute to its development. However, its pathogenesis is still under investigation. This study compared clinical features, the causative foods, and the degree of sensitization to food between FDEIA and food anaphylaxis to characterize FDEIA more clearly. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with FDEIA (n=89) or food anaphylaxis (n=115) between 2003 and 2015 at Seoul National University Hospital. Results: Subjects with FDEIA more frequently had urticaria than those with food anaphylaxis (88.8% vs. 76.5%, P=0.024). Whereas patients with FDEIA had less laryngeal edema than those with food anaphylaxis (12.4% vs. 30.4%, P=0.02). Wheat (67.4%) was the most common causative food allergen in FDEIA, whereas seafood (40.9%) was the most common culprit food allergen in food anaphylaxis. Also, subjects with FDEIA showed a lower atopic index score than those with food anaphylaxis (0.55±1.07 vs. 1.21±1.82, P=0.006). Conclusion: There were significant differences in clinical manifestation, causative food allergens and the degree of sensitization to food between FDEIA and food anaphylaxis. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016:4:436-441)

Molecular phylogenetic study of Arca boucardi using metallothionein gene

Jie Eun Park,Se Won Kang,Hee-Ju Hwang,Dae Kwon Song,Min Kyu Sang,Hye Rin Min,Jong Min Chung,Hee Cheol Ha,Hyun Jun Lee,Chan Eui Hong,Hong Seog Park,Yeon Soo Han,Jun Sang Lee,Yong Seok Lee 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2016 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Immobilization of β-Glucosidase from Exiguobacterium sp. DAU5 on Chitosan Bead for Improved Enzymatic Properties

Jie Chang(창지에),In Hye Park(박인혜),Yong Seok Lee(이용석),Soo Yeol Chung(정수열),Shu Jun Fang(방숙군),M Subhosh Chandra(슈보쉬 찬드라),Yong Lark Choi(최용락) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.11

Exiguobacterium sp. 유래의 β-glucosidase 고정을 위하여 글루타르알데하이드를 사용한 키토산 비드를 조제하였다. 키토산 비드의 교차결합 및 고정화의 조건을 최적화하였다. β-glucosidase 고정화의 최적생산 조건에서 20%의 수율과 5.22 U/g의 효소활성을 나타냈다. 최적 pH 와 온도는 9.0과 55°C를 나타냈다. 고정된 효소의 안정성은 pH 7.0-10.0에서는 80%, 40°C 2시간 반응에서는 80% 및 50°C 1시간 반응에서는 48%의 활성을 보유하였다. 이러한 결과는 높은 pH와 고온에서 비고정 효소보다 안정성을 보여주었다. 고정된 효소를 가지고 대두 이소플라 본 배당체의 높은 가수분해능을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과는 고정화 효소의 다양한 이용 가능성을 시사하였다. Glutaraldehyde was used to cross-link chitosan beads to immobilize the crude enzyme β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium sp. DAU5. The conditions for preparing cross-linking chitosan beads and immobilization such as concentration of glutaradehyde, cross-linking time, immobilization pH and time were optimized. The chitosan beads were cross-linked with 1.5% glutaraldehyde for 1.5 hr. The immobilized β-glucosidase had an overall yield of 20% and specific activity of 5.22 U/g. The optimized pH and temperature were 9.0 and 55°C, respectively. More than 80% of its activity at pH 7.0-10.0, 80% at 40°C for 2 hr and 48% at 50°C for 1 hr, were retained. However, the immobilization product showed higher pH and thermal stabilities than free enzymes. It also showed high hydrolyzing activity on soybean isoflavone glycoside linkage. These results suggest the broad application prospects of immobilization enzymes.

Molecular phylogenetic study of Arca boucardi using metallothionein gene

Jie Eun Park,Se Won Kang,Hee-Ju Hwang,Dae Kwon Song,Min Kyu Sang,Hye Rin Min,Jong Min Chung,Hee Cheol Ha,Hyun Jun Lee,Chan Eui Hong,Hong Seog Park,Yeon Soo Han,Jun Sang Lee,Yong Seok Lee 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2016 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis based on Metallothionein Gene Sequence of an Endangered Species Cristaria plicata in Korea

Chung, Jong Min,Hwang, Hee-Ju,Min, Hye Rin,Park, Jie Eun,Sang, Min Kyu,Park, So Young,Park, Young-Su,Noh, Mi Young,Jo, Yong Hun,Han, Yeon Soo,Lee, Jun Sang,Park, Seung-Hwan,Kang, Se Won,Kang, Chang So 한국패류학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.33 No.1

무통 분만시 제왕 절개술과 흡입 분만의 빈도

정익수,최덕환,김지애,김승오,함태수 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.37 No.1

Background: This study was done to compare vacuum delivery and cesarean section rates in a large population before and after on-demand labor epidural analgesia became available. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the overall sets of delivery modes in patients who gave birth during a 12-month period before the introduction of on-demand labor epidural analgesia, and those giving birth after labor epidural analgesia became available. Additionally, we compared the rates of cesarean section or vacuum delivery in patients delivering before and after the availability of on-demand labor epidural. Results: Included were 3905 patients who delivered before, and 4318 patients who delivered after epidural analgesia became available. Labor epidural rates were 0.3% vs 14.7% for the before and after groups. The rates of cesarean delivery for dystocia in primary cesarean operation did not change (10% vs 10.5%), and vacuum delivery rates in the total vaginal delivery patients were not changed (15.1% vs 14.7%) for the before and after group. Conclusions: Increased epidural analgesia did not change the overall cesarean delivery rates for dystocia and vacuum - assisted delivery rates. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: 52∼56)

큰눈자미 배아의 식물성 스테롤 함량 및 성숙기 흰쥐에서 항산화 효과

량지에(Jie Liang),마징원(Jing Wen Ma),정수임(Soo Im Chung),강미영(Mi Young Kang) 한국영양학회 2020 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.53 No.2

본 연구에서는 고기능성 쌀인 큰눈자미 배아의 phytosterols 함량 및 in vitro 항산화 활성을 평가하고, 성숙기 흰쥐에게 보충 급여한 당질 대사, 항산화 활성 및 일부 cytokines 개선 효과 여부를 검증하였다. Phytosterols 분석에서 NG보다 KG의 campesterol과 stigmasterol의 함량이 유의하게 높았다. NG에 비해 KG가 DPPH radical 소거 활성, 환원력 및 ABTS radical 소거능 측정에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 실험동물은 각 10마리씩 3군으로 나누어 일반 식이를 급여하는 NC군, 일반현미배아 3%를 첨가하는 NG3군, 큰눈자미배아 3%를 첨가하는 KG3군으로 나누어 사육하였다. 그 결과 KG3군에서 체중증가량, 신장주위 및 총 지방량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 당질 대사에서 실험군들 간에 glucose, 인슐린, C-peptide 및 HOMA-IR의 수준이 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. KG3군에서 혈중 TNF-α 수준이 NG3에 비해 유의적으로 감소하고, SOD 활성이 유의하게 증가하였으며, leptin, AOPP 및 IL-6 수준이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 큰눈자미 배아는 높은 함량의 phytosterols과, 우수한 in vitro 항산화활성, 그리고 in vivo 실험에서 일부의 cytokine 개선 및 항산화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시하였고 향후 더 많은 생리활성물질 분석, 대사 지표 개선, 작용 기전 규명 등 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The rice germ fraction is a better source of protein, lipid, and fiber than the rice endosperm. Furthermore, the rice germ is rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as γ-aminobutyric acid, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytic acid, and so on. In this study, the phytosterol content and antioxidant activity of Keunnunjami germ (KG) or normal rice germ supplement were investigated in healthy adult rats. Methods: In vitro, quantitative assessment of phytosterols, including β-sitosterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol, was performed. Comparative antioxidant activities of 2 rice germs were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. In vivo, male Spraque-Dawley rats (30-weeksold) were randomly assigned a diet of normal control (NC, AIN-93M diet), AIN-93M diet supplemented with normal rice germ 3% (NG3), or AIN-93M diet supplemented with KG 3% (KG3) and fed for 8 weeks. Results: KG contained significantly higher campesterol and stigmasterol contents and antioxidant activity than normal rice germ. The KG3 group exhibited significantly lower body weight gain as well as inguinal and total white adipose tissue weights. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance level among the 3 groups. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was significantly lower while leptin, advanced oxidation protein products, and interleukin-6 showed downward trends in the KG3 group. In addition, the superoxide dismutase level of the KG3 group was significantly higher compared to the NC and NG3 groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that KG can be considered as a valuable source of phytosterol components. Lastly, KG has strong antioxidant properties and may have potential to ameliorate elevation of proinflammatory cytokine production with age.