지식의 중층구조(重層構造) : 오우크쇼트의 교육이론을 중심으로

차미란 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.31 No.3

철학적 경험과 실제적 경험의 대비로 요약될 수 있는 오우크쇼트의 형이상학적, 인식론적 주장, 그리고 기법적 지식과 실제적 지식의 대비에 근거를 둔 그의 정치철학적 주장은 각각 지식의 성격과 지식의 획득이라는 상이한 문제에 대한 대답을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 오우크쇼트의 형이상학과 정치철학은 세계 또는 마음의 중층구조, 즉 우리가 일상적으로 속하는 사실의 세계, 한 개인이 실지로 소유하고 있는 경험적 마음의 이면에 또는 그 '위'에 그것의 기준과 원천인 구체적 총체로서의 세계 또는 마음에 해당하는 것이 있다는 생각을 받아들인다는 점에서는 공통된다. 경험과 지식의 논리적 근거로서의 '實在'와 마음과 활동의 묵시적 기반으로서의 '實際'에 관한 오우크쇼트의 설명은 바로 그와 같은 중층구조의 아이디어에 입각한 것이며, 그 양자는 결국 지식의 중층구조를 무시간적 차원과 시간적 차원, 또는 고정된 시점과 시간 계열이라는 상이한 측면에서 드러내어 준다. 오우크쇼트의 관점에서 보면 학교에서 가르치는 '이론적 지식'은 실재의 추구와 관련하여 특별한 의의를 가지며, 학교교육과 관련하여 '실제적 지식'이 가지는 의의는 오로지 지식의 획득이라는 관점에서 규정되어야 한다. 이 점을 분명히 하는 것은 교육내용으로서의 지식의 성격과 지식의 내면화 문제를 올바르게 이해하는 데에 도움이 된다. The difference between philosophical experience and practical experience and the contrast between practical knowledge and technical knowledge are the kernels of Oakeshott′s theory of philosophy and philosophy respectively.Oakeshott′s metaphysical and epistemological explanations of philosophy and his opinions on the significance of practical knowledge in human activities give answers to two distinct questions - ′What is the nature of knowledge?′ and ′How is it possible to acquire knowledge?′.However, the answers to those two questions given by Oakeshott have a common point in accepting the idea of the twofold structure of ′mind′ or ′world′consisting of the unmanifested standard on the upper side and the phenomenal manifestations on the lower side.Oakeshott′s theories of philosophy and politics can be regarded as representing two different aspects of that twofold sequence.The contrast of the so called ′theoretical knowledge′ and ′practical knowledge′ can be rightly understood only in the light of the idea of the twofold structure of knowledge in this sense.

오우크쇼트의 道德敎育論 : 도덕에서의 합리주의와 그 폐해 Rationalism in Morality and its Mischief to Society

차미란 춘천교육대학교 2003 人文社會敎育硏究 Vol.6 No.-

국내산 무화과를 이용한 와인 제조 및 품질 개선 효과

정미란,차정단,윤순일,한종현,이영은 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Fig(Ficus carica L.) which belongs to Moraceae family has been used as digestion promoter, cure for ulcerative inflammation and eruption in Korea. Figs have very short preservation period and can be kept only 1 week even in the refrigeration system. The possibility of wine-making from Korean figs was tested by analyzing the fermentation characteristics, proximate analysis and free sugar contents of wine made of slices with 20% sugar addition. Ethanol fermentation of the figs by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was done rapidly. The ethanol contents, pH, total acidity and sugar content were 12.1%, 3.91, 0.42% and 9.9 °Brix, respectively. The results from the sensory evaluation were as follows. The wine made from the sliced figs were better than that from fig juices in their sensory scores. The wine made with frozen figs was not different from that made with fresh ones. To improve the quality of wine, the addition of dried leaf powder in the concentration of 100 ppm were tried and found it was superior to the one made without leaf.

국내산 무화과의 식중독균에 대한 항균활성

정미란,차정단,이영은 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The antibacterial activities of methanol extract and systematic solvent fractions(-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol) from Korean common type figs at different ripening stages were tested by the broth dilution method against 8 representative food-poisoning bacteria- : L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, E. cols 0157:H7, E. cols, Y. enterocolitico, V. parahaemolvticus, and S. ttphimurium. The methanol extracts of unripened Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed stronger activity than that of the ripened figs especially against L. monocytogenes, S. enteriridis, E. toll 0157:H7, V. parahaemolvticus and S. nphimurium in 10 mg/mL. The systematic solvent fractions showed stronger antibacterial activities than the methanol extract, even at the lower concentrations. The hexane fraction of ripened Figs showed higher growth inhibition than those of unripened Ⅰ and Ⅱ against L. monocytogenes, E. colt 0157.117, Y. enterocolitica and V. parahaemolvtieus. The chloroform fraction showed strong antibacterial activity in all ripening stages against E. soli 0157:H7 and V. parahaemolyticus. The butanol fraction showed better inhibition activity in unripened I and II than in the ripened figs. The hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibition activity of more than 75% against E. coli 0157:117, V. parahaemohvicus in 0.5 mg/mL. Each fraction showed a little different antibacterial activity according to the ripening stages of the fruits and the tested strains. Especially, rigs in the unripened II stage revealed superior activity relatively and the hexane and chloroform tractions revealed the strongest activity, followed by the butanol fraction, while the ethylacetare and water fractions hardly showed any activity.

서울지역 일부 과체중 및 적절체중 학령기 아동의 신체계측, 체지방률, 혈액지표 및 영양소 섭취 상태의 비교 분석 연구

이정숙,이정윤,임현정,조미란,차성호,조여원 대한영양사협회 2003 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.9 No.4

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9f2.5 and 10.2±2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5±3.7% and 20.2± 3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG. total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3±30.0. 104.9f26.6, 52.3f6.7 and 178.3±84.l㎎/dl and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1±43.5, 183.7f16.5, 101.0f2.1 and 67.7±20.0㎎/dl respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight chddren. On the other hand plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children Plasma levels of GOT ,and GPT were in normal range in both group. However, GPT level of over weight children was &her than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two group except WBC, KBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. DAY nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean KDA levels for each nutrients. However, the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of KDA. The consumption of d e b fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high shorn that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.

Anti-Proliferative Effect of Synthesized Bakuchiol Analogues on Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines

Cha, Mi-Ran,Choi, Chun-Whan,Lee, Ji-Young,Kim, Young-Sup,Yon, Gyu-Hwan,Choi, Sang-Un,Ryu, Shi-Yong Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activities of Tussilago farfara Extract in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

Mi-Ra Lee,Mi-Ran Cha,Kyung-Jin Jo,Mi-Young Yoon,Hae-Ryong Park 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.2

The flower buds of Tussilago farfara (TF) have been traditionally used in oriental medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. In our study, the primary objective was to determine the mechanisms that are inherent to TF-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using the methanolic extract of TF (TFM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We found that TFM-induced induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was verified via an MTT reduction assay, an lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and a colony formation assay. Interestingly, we also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining, and attempted to determine whether TFM-induced apoptosis involved the caspase pathway using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. Overall, the results indicate that TFM contain chemotherapeutic agents and potential candidates use for against human colon cancer cells.

Selective Cytotoxicity of Ponciri Fructus against Glucose-Deprived PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells <i>via</i> Blocking Activation of GRP78

CHA, Mi-Ran,YOON, Mi-young,SON, Eun-Soon,PARK, Hae-Ryong Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2009 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.73 No.10

<P>Pancreatic cancer cells are sometimes exposed to stressful microenvironments such as glucose deprivation, hypoxia, and starvation of other nutrients. These stresses, which are characteristic of poorly vascularized solid tumors, activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is a stress-signaling pathway present in tumor cells that is associated with molecular chaperone GRP78. Induction of GRP78 has been found to increase cell survival and decrease apoptotic potential through genetic alterations. Thus GRP78 may represent a novel target in the development of anticancer drugs. Here we established a novel screening program to identify chaperone modulators that exhibit preferential cytotoxic activity in glucose-deprived pancreatic cancer cells. During the course of our screening, we isolated an active substance, Ponciri Fructus (PF), from an herbal medicine source and identified it as a down-regulator of GRP78. As expected, PF inhibited expression of the GRP78 protein under glucose-deprivation conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it induced selective cytotoxicity against glucose-deprived cancer cells; this effect was not observed under normal growth conditions. We also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining and attempted to determine whether PF-induced apoptosis involved caspase-3 activation. Our results suggest that the GRP78-inhibitory action of PF was dependent on strict hypoglycemic conditions and that it resulted in the selective death of glucose-deprived pancreatic cancer cells.</P>

Induction of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells by a Gleditsiae Semen Extract

Cha, Mi-Ran,Kim, Ju-Young,Hwang, Ji-Hwan,Park, Hae-Ryong Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2007 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.16 No.2

Gleditsiae Semen (GS) has been used in both Korea and China as herbal medicine for the treatment of cephalalgia, catharsis, and other diseases. However, the apoptosis of GS against human cancer cells has not previously been investigated. The primary objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms inherent in GS-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using methanolic extract of GS (GSE) in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. We found that GSE induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was verified via a lactate dehydrogenase release assay and a colony formation assay. In particular, HT-29 cells showed extensive cell death when treated with $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ of GSE; the calculated $IC_{50}$ value was $20\;{\mu}g/mL$. It induced characteristic apoptotic signs in HT-29 cells, including chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, occurring within 6-24 hr when the cells were treated at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. Interestingly, we detected the activation of caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8, and apoptotic bodies in GSE-treated HT-29 cells. Collectively, our results indicate that GSE induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, and these findings may be significant with regard to the development of a new drug for the treatment of human colon carcinoma cells.

Induction of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells by a Gleditsiae Semen Extract

Mi-Ran Cha,Ju-Young Kim,Ji-Hwan Hwang,Hae-Ryong Park 한국식품과학회 2007 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.16 No.2