Temporal trends of the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke among Asian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A nationwide population-based study

Choi, You-Jung,Choi, Eue-Keun,Han, Kyung-Do,Jung, Jin-Hyung,Park, Jiesuck,Lee, Euijae,Choe, Wonseok,Lee, So-Ryoung,Cha, Myung-Jin,Lim, Woo-Hyun,Oh, Seil Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.273 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of AF and stroke in patients with HCM during a 10-year period.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Using the Korean National Health Insurance Services database, we identified patients diagnosed with HCM from the entire Korean population between 2005 and 2015. The annual prevalence and incidence of AF and stroke in HCM patients were estimated.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The prevalence of AF in HCM patients has gradually increased to 1.6-fold from 13.4% in 2005 to 20.9% in 2015. The incidence of AF ranged from 4.1 to 5.5%, a similar trend was observed for each year in HCM patients. The prevalence of stroke in HCM patients was approximately 10%, while that in HCM patients with AF was about 20%. During 8741 person-years, AF-related stroke occurred in 257 subjects among 2309 HCM patients with new-onset AF. The overall incidence rate of AF-associated stroke was 2.94 per 100 person-years. In subgroup analysis, the incidence rate of AF-associated stroke was 1.49 per 100 person-years in the under 45 year-old group and 1.48 per 100 person-years in the group with CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VASc score of 0 or 1 point in HCM patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The prevalence of AF in HCM patients gradually increased over 10 years. The annual risk of AF-associated stroke in HCM was over 1% even in younger patients and those with CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VASc score of 0 or 1 point, which provide evidence to support the prevention of stroke in HCM patients with AF.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This is the first largest nationwide study on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a rare myocardial disease in Korea. </LI> <LI> The prevalence of AF in HCM patients gradually increases to 1.6-fold from 13.4% in 2005 to 20.9% in 2015. </LI> <LI> The annual incidence of AF in HMC patients was about 5%, and higher in female and the elderly. </LI> <LI> The prevalence of stroke in HCM patients with AF was about 20%, which were more than twice that in overall HCM patients. </LI> <LI> The risk of AF-related stroke in HCM patients was >1% per person-year even in younger patients or low CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VAS<SUB>C</SUB> score. </LI> </UL> </P>

Nutritional Intake and Biochemical Status in Blood and Urine of Elderly Women : Comparison Among Subgroups Divided by Residence Type

Cha,Youn-Soo,Sohn,Hee-Sook,Joo,Eun-Jung 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Decreases Plasma Triglycerides with Mixed Effects on Indices of β-oxidation

Cha,Youn-Soo,Li,Bangyan,Sachan,Dileep S,Whelan,Jay 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

APPLICATION OF PERFORMANCED BASED DESIGN IN FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING

Cha,David S 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Today's building and fire prevention codes are mostly prescriptive. Prescriptive codes are based on major fires in earlier years that created a need for specific building provision. These codes provide a minimum level of safety. As the general and engineering uses of computers have increased over the years, so has use of computers in the fire protection engineering. This has allowed fire protection engineers to develop alternative approaches to solve today's fire protection problems or to evaluate the performance of a specific fire safety goal. A performance based approach to building and fire codes involves the following: 1) identifying specific goals, such as, safely getting out of the building in 10 minutes, 2) obtain conceptual approval from authorities, 3) define performance level, 4) develop design solutions and identify tools such as, fire tests, models, or methods, to demonstrate that a design will meet the fire protection objective 5) test solutions, 6) present test method and results to the authorities. Some people in the fire protection community consider this to be nothing more than an intellectual exercise, while the others view it as a way to reduce expenses on large project<TEX>$^4$</TEX> Others in fire protection community view this as a way to refine the design process to design fire protection systems to better protect the fire hazards. This paper will focus on application of these tools, specifically computer fire models, to actual cases such as: design of a smoke control system heat transfer analysis and egress of building occupants during potential fires.

건우기에 (乾雨期) 산림토양의 (山林土壤) 화학성분의 변화

차종환 (Jong Whan Cha) 한국식물학회 1964 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.7 No.2

Cha. Jong Whan (Dept. of Biology, Graduate School, Dong Kuk Univ.) The changes of chemical properties of forest soils in dry wet seasons. Kor. Jour. Bot. Ⅶ(2): 1-8, 1964. Soil selected for the present investigation was collected from a mountain of the Forestry Experiment Station of the vicinity of Seoul. The forest communities studied were three forest and a unplanted soils. The soil samplets were obtained from each forest type during dry and wet seasons. And these samples were collected from four horizons of all communities respective1y. It was showed that exchangeable hydrogen was increased by rainfall, and total exchangeable base decreased in the same way. The content of nitrogen is washed away by rainfall, especially ammonium nitrogen was highly significant between dry and wet season. On the contrary, organic matter and available phosphorus were of no significant difference between dry and wet seasons. The values of pH appeared a different response in dry and wet seasons according to the plant communities. The needle-leaved forest soils showed more acidity than the broad-leaved forest soils, and the least acidity in open places. All nutrients in soil studied gradually decreased down the profiles. According to statistical analyses of the soil components among all soil horizons, total exchangeable bases in wet season indicated only significant at 1%. Exchangeable hydrogen and organic matter of the soil in dry season was particularly very low with increased depth in the profile. The fertility level of most forested soils selected for the present investigation is low according to chemical tests for available nutrient elements.

Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Low Salt-Fermented Anchovy Paste by Adding Koji

Cha, Yong-Jun 國立 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Koji를 첨가한 저식염 멸치젓의 숙성 중 휘발성 향기성분의 변화를 대조구와 분석 비교하였다. 총 106개의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었는데 이 중에서 79개의 화합물은 표준품으로 확인 동정되었다. 이들은 주로 aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, aromatic hydrocarbon, furan 및 nitrogen-containing화합물로 구성되어 있었다. 숙성 중 두시료에서 aldehyde 및 ester류의 화합물의 종류와 함량이 가장 많았다. 특히 koji를 첨가한 멸치젓에서는 대조구에서는 검출되지 않은 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethtyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 및 tetramethylpyrazine이 검출되었으며 2-phenylethanol도 검출되었다. Volatile flavor compounds in low salt-fermented anchovy pastes by adding koji(Koji), compared with Control, were analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds(106) were detected in both samples during fermentation. Among these, 79 compounds were positively identified and were composed mainly of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, detones, nitrogencontaining compounds in both samples. Alkypyrazines, such as 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine, and also 2-phenylethanol were identified only in Koji.

Purchasing disposition of the youth for the mobile phone in Korea

Cha,Kyung Ae,Cheng,Hong In (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 2006 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2006 No.2

From ‘New Security Concept’ to ‘Soft Power’: Collective Identity Formation or Differentiation?

Cha,Changhoon 한국시민윤리학회 2009 한국시민윤리학회보 Vol.22 No.1

1990년대 중반 등장한 중국위협론은 미국과 중국의 주변국가들사이에서 지속적으로 재생산되어 왔다. 국제사회가 제기하는 중국위협론에 대한 대응으로 중국내에는 외교안보전략에 대한 다양한 논의들이 전개되었고, 정식화되어 발표되었다. ‘신안보개념(新安全槪念)’, ‘책임대국론(負責任的大國)’, ‘평화적 부상론(和平崛起)’, ‘소프트 파워(軟實力)’ 등이 그러한 예이다. 웬트(Wendt)는 인지적 수준에서 작용하는 국제통합의 이론을 제안한 바가 있다. 국가들은 상호간 인정(recognition)을 위한 투쟁에 연루되는데, 그 과정은 결국 포괄적인 집단 정체성의 형성으로 귀결되며, 이것은 국가이익의 재조정을 불러일으키기도 한다는 것이다. 중국의 새로운 외교전략으로 국제사회에 표명했던 개념들은 인정이론의 관점에서 해석하면 몇 가지 흥미로운 시사점을 확인할 수 있다. 첫째, 웬트의 주장처럼 개인의 정체성 형성은 타자와의 관계 속에서 형성된다. 중국의 새로운 외교전략의 개념들은 지난 30여년 간 개혁개방의 과정을 거치면서 국제사회에의 참여 속에서 형성된 것으로 이해된다. 둘째, 자신의 정체성 형성은 결정적으로 타자들의 인정에 의존하게 된다. 그러나 중국이 제시했던 다양한 외교전략의 개념에 대하여 미국 혹은 주변 국가들은 아직도 회의적인 시선을 보내고 있는 것이 사실이다. 즉, 중국의 스스로 형성하고 싶은 자신의 국가정체성(신안보개념, 책임대국론, 평화적 부상, 소프트 파워)이 타자(주변국가들)로부터 인정을 받지 못했다는 점을 시사한다.

프랑스어권 아프리카 출신 청소년의 어제와 오늘 : 『샤뱌의 소년』과 『내가 죽었다고 생각하면 좋겠어』

차지연 ( Cha Jiyeon ) 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2021 프랑스어문교육 Vol.72 No.-

프랑스어권 아프리카 문학에서 정체성의 문제는 늘 중요하게 다루어져 왔다. 네그리튀드 운동은 물론이고 미그리튀드로 엮이곤 하는 현대의 작가들까지 모두 자신들의 정체성 주제를 다양한 방식으로 표현해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 프랑스어권 아프리카 문학 교육을 위한 하나의 제안을 마련하는 차원에서, 미그리튀드로 분류되는 알제리 출신 뵈르 문학의 대표 작가 아주즈 베가그와 아메드 칼루아즈의 작품을 분석함으로써 프랑스어권 아프리카 출신 청소년들의 정체성이 20세기와 21세기에 각각 어떻게 다르게 제시되는지 알아보았다. 베가그의『샤뱌의 소년』의 주인공 아주즈는 마그레브계 아랍인으로서의 문화와 학교 교육을 통해 배우게 된 프랑스 사회 사이에서 갈등을 겪지만, 결국 두 집단 사이에서 흔들리는 정체성을 글쓰기를 통해 표출함으로써 작가로서의 정체성을 찾는 것처럼 보인다. 반면, 칼루아즈의『내가 죽었다고 생각하면 좋겠어』의 주인공 쿠난디는 유럽에서 활약하는 흑인 축구 스타를 꿈꾸며 프랑스에 오게 되었지만, 자신의 의지와 상관없이 펼쳐지는 고난을 겪다가 결국 이름과 국적, 나이까지 지운 채 익명의 유배자와 같은 처지에 놓이게 된다. 아프리카 출신 청소년들이 당면한 어제와 오늘의 현실을 그려낸 이 두 작품에 대한 독서는, 오늘날 젊은이들의 진로와 정체성 고민의 내용과 양상이 기성세대와 다르다는 점까지 환기하고 공감케 한다는 점에서, 프랑스어권 아프리카 문학 교육 현장에서 유의미한 활동이 될 수 있을 것이다. Dans la littérature africaine francophone, de nombreux écrivains ont essayé d'apporter une réponse aux enjeux identitaires. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé les oeuvres d'Azouz Begag et Ahmed Kalouaz, grands écrivains de la «littérature beur», pour voir comment l'identité des immigrants et des expatriés africains s'est formée respectivement aux 20e et 21e siècles. Azouz, le personnage principal du Gone du Chaâba connaî̂t un conflit intérieur : il est tiraillé par une société française à laquelle il veut s'intégrer et sa propre culture maghrébine. Il semble finalement trouver son identité à travers l'écriture en exprimant son appartenance à ses deux cultures via l'écrit. Kounandi, le protagoniste de Je préfère qu'ils me croient mort est venu en France rêvant de devenir un footballeur en Europe, mais a traversé des épreuves difficiles et s'est retrouvé comme un exilé méconnu de tous. La lecture de ces deux ouvrages décrivant la réalité des jeunes africains d'hier et d'aujourd'hui peut être considérée comme une activité éducative pour les étudiants coréens de nos jours.

가스를 포함하는 고분자 재료(PETG)의 유리전이온도 변화

차성운,윤재동,Cha, Seong-Un,Yun, Jae-Dong 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.4

The industries use polymer materials for many purposes because they have many merits. But these materials' costs take up too much proportion in overall cost of products that use these materials as their major material. So it is very economical for polymer industries to reduce these costs. Microcellular foaming process appeared in 1980's to solve this problem and it proved to be quite successful. This process uses inert gases such as CO2, N2. As these gases are dissolved into polymer matrices. many properties are changed. Glass transition temperature is one of these properties. DSC, DMA are devices that measures this temperature, but these are not sufficient to measure the temperature of polymer containing gas. In this paper, we devised a new tester that uses magnetism. We used this device to acquire data of the change of glass transition temperature and made Cha-Yoon model that can predict the change of glass transition temperature. Using this model, the change of this temperature can be estimated as a function of weight gain of gas. Cha-Yoon model proved that Chow's model is inappropriate to predict the change of glass transition temperature of polymer matrices containing gas.