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Cho, Kang Ik K.,Shenton, Martha E.,Kubicki, Marek,Jung, Wi Hoon,Lee, Tae Young,Yun, Je-Yeon,Kim, Sung Nyun,Kwon, Jun Soo Oxford University Press 2016 Schizophrenia bulletin Vol.42 No.3
<P>Disrupted thalamo-cortical connectivity is regarded as a core psychopathology in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, whether the thalamo-cortical white matter connectivity is disrupted before the onset of psychosis is still unknown. To determine this gap in knowledge, the strength of thalamo-cortical white matter anatomical connectivity in subjects at clinical-high risk for psychosis (CHR) was compared to that of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls. A total of 37 CHR, 21 FEP, and 37 matched healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to examine the number of probabilistic tractography 'counts' representing thalamo-cortical white matter connectivity. We also investigated the relationship with psychopathology. For FEP, the connectivity between the thalamus and parietal cortex was significantly increased (F = 5.65, P <.05) compared to that of healthy controls. However, the connectivity between thalamus and orbitofrontal cortex was significantly reduced compared to both healthy controls (F = 11.86, P <.005) and CHR (F = 6.63, P <.05). Interestingly, CHR exhibited a similar pattern as FEP, albeit with slightly reduced magnitude. Compared to healthy controls, there was a significant decrease (F = 4.16, P <.05) in CHR thalamo-orbitofrontal connectivity. Also, the strength of the thalamo-orbitofrontal connectivity was correlated with the Global Assessment of Functioning score in CHR (r =.35, P <.05). This observed pattern of white matter connectivity disruptions in FEP and in CHR suggests that this pattern of disconnectivity not only highlights the involvement of thalamus but also might be useful as an early biomarker for psychosis.</P>
Thalamo-cortical system involving higher-order nuclei in patients with first-episode psychosis
( Kang Ik K. Cho ),( Yoo Bin Kwak ),( Wu Jeong Hwang ),( Junhee Lee ),( Minah Kim ),( Tae Young Lee ),( Jun Soo Kwon ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.9
Based on the piling reports of disruptions in the thalamus of patients with schizophrenia, the alteration in the thalamo-cortical system has been regarded as the core pathophysiology. As the thalamus is composed of distinctive nuclei with different cytoarchitecture and cortical connections, nuclei specific investigations have been actively conducted in post-mortem studies. In addition, the importance of early changes has been highlighted, which in turn has led to investigations of the thalamo-cortical system using non-invasive neuroimaging methods. From this perspective, the early structural changes in the thalamo-cortical system, such as the thalamo-cortical connection and nuclei specific microstructural changes (which are coherent with findings from post-mortem methods) will be briefly discussed. The main findings, which are the reduced thalamo-prefrontal connection and reduced microstructural complexity in the higher-order nuclei detected in first-episode psychosis patients, suggest the occurrence of early alterations within and between the communication hub of the brain and cortex. These findings suggest not only directions for further studies for unveiling the thalamo-cortical system related pathophysiology, but also the possibility of using the reduced microstructural complexity in the higher order nucleus as a biomarker for schizophrenia. [BMB Reports: Perspective 2018; 51(9): 427-428]
사이버 윤리지표 개발에 관한 실증연구 : 한국, 미국, 인도의 차이를 중심으로
백승익,조남재,이인,강진우,김봉준 한국정보사회진흥원 2007 정보화정책 Vol.14 No.1
정보화 시대에서 인터넷이 주는 여러 장점이 존재하기는 하지만 그에 따른 비윤리적 행위에 대한 폐해도 점차 심각해지고 있기 때문에 사이버 상에서의 윤리지표가 필요한 시점이라 생각한다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 두 가지 목적을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 사이버 공간에서 발생되는 범죄행위에 대한 문제인식을 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제시된 인터넷 사용자들의 윤리의식 지수(Self-Evaluation)를 스스로 측정해 볼 수 있는 표준화된 사이버 윤리 프레임워크를 개발하는 것이다. 둘째, 제시된 프레임워크의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 3개국(한국, 미국, 인도) 인터넷 사용자들을 대상으로 실증분석을 함으로써 각기 문화권이 다른 한국, 미국, 인도의 인터넷 사용자들의 윤리지수 차이를 문화적 관점에서 국가간 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 시사점으로는 국가별 전통문화의 차이 규명과 함께 행동의도를 분석하였다는 점과 인터넷 공간에서 사용자들이 윤리적인 부분에 있어 불안감이나 민감하게 느끼는 요인들을 분석하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾아볼 수 있다. The Internet-assisted communication transforms conventional information systems into vast human interactive networks, and offers people opportunities to experience new forms of social contacts, without any real social presence. Because of this anonymity of Internet users, they have a strong tendency to behave in an unrestricted manner. This experience is do stimulating, rewarding and reinforcing that ome user find it hard to know when to stop. These behaviors frequently go over the fun, and are developed into the crimes. To reduce these side-effects, various computer security solution and laws have been introduced. However, the most important factor in reducing the Internet side-effects is individual user’s ethics. This research proposes a Cyber Ethics Evaluation Model to measure the ethics of Internet users and compares cyber ethics of South Korea, U.S.A, and India by using the model. It conduct Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test the validation of the model.
A. K.M.M.H. Meaze,Guinyun Kim,Dongchul Son,Hengsik Kang,Hossain Ahmed,In Soo Ko,Jong Hwa Chang,Kun Joong Yoo,Moo-Hyun Cho,Tae-Ik Ro,Won Namkung,Won-Chung Chung,Young Seok Lee,Young-Ae Kim 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2
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Kikinis, Zora,Cho, Kang Ik K.,Coman, Ioana L.,Radoeva, Petya D.,Bouix, Sylvain,Tang, Yingying,Eckbo, Ryan,Makris, Nikos,Kwon, Jun Soo,Kubicki, Marek,Antshel, Kevin M.,Fremont, Wanda,Shenton, Martha E. Springer-Verlag 2017 BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR Vol.11 No.5
<P>Microstructural abnormalities in brain white matter are present in adolescent subjects with prodromal psychotic symptoms.</P>
Youngwoo Bryan Yoon,Minah Kim,Junhee Lee,Kang Ik K,Cho,Seoyeon Kwak,Tae Young Lee,Jun Soo Kwon 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.3
We aim to investigate the effect of fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the interactions among functional networks and its association with psychotic symptoms. In this pilot study, we will determine possible candidate functional networks and an adequate sample size for future research. Seven schizophrenia patients with treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations underwent tDCS twice daily for 5 days. Resting-state fMRI data and measures of the severity of psychotic symptoms were acquired at baseline and after completion of the tDCS sessions. At baseline, decreased functional network interaction was negatively correlated with increased hallucinatory behavior. After tDCS, the previously reduced functional network connectivity significantly increased. Our results showed that fronto-temporal tDCS could possibly remediate aberrant hallucination-related functional network interactions in patients with schizophrenia.
Choi, Soo-Hee,Kyeong, Sunghyon,Cho, Kang Ik K.,Yun, Je-Yeon,Lee, Tae Young,Park, Hye Yoon,Kim, Sung Nyun,Kwon, Jun Soo Elsevier 2017 Schizophrenia Research Vol.190 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We aimed to separate individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) state into subgroups according to neurobiological characteristics using structural and functional network constructs and examine their clinical characteristics. Structural diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 61 healthy controls (HC), 57 individuals at CHR and 29 patients with schizophrenia (SZ). The main outcome was a likelihood ratio calculated from measures of structural and functional network efficiencies, coupling strength of structural and functional networks, and a disease-specific data analysis, resulting in the most probable classification of CHR into HC or SZ. The likelihood ratios revealed that 33 individuals at CHR were likely similar to HC (CHR-HC), and the remaining 24 CHR individuals were similar to SZ (CHR-SZ). The CHR subgroups were comparable to each other in demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms. However, the verbal and executive functions of CHR-HC were similar to those of HC, and those of CHR-SZ similar to SZ. Additionally, CHR-SZ was more responsive to treatment than CHR-HC during the follow-up period. By combining structural and functional data, we could detect the vulnerable population and provide an active intervention in the early phase of the CHR state.</P>
Choe, Eugenie,Lee, Tae Young,Kim, Minah,Hur, Ji-Won,Yoon, Youngwoo Bryan,Cho, Kang-Ik K.,Kwon, Jun Soo Elsevier 2018 Schizophrenia Research Vol.199 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>It has been suggested that the mentalizing network and the mirror neuron system network support important social cognitive processes that are impaired in schizophrenia. However, the integrity and interaction of these two networks have not been sufficiently studied, and their effects on social cognition in schizophrenia remain unclear.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Our study included 26 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 26 healthy controls. We utilized resting-state functional connectivity to examine the a priori-defined mirror neuron system network and the mentalizing network and to assess the within- and between-network connectivities of the networks in FEP patients. We also assessed the correlation between resting-state functional connectivity measures and theory of mind performance.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>FEP patients showed altered within-network connectivity of the mirror neuron system network, and aberrant between-network connectivity between the mirror neuron system network and the mentalizing network. The within-network connectivity of the mirror neuron system network was noticeably correlated with theory of mind task performance in FEP patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The integrity and interaction of the mirror neuron system network and the mentalizing network may be altered during the early stages of psychosis. Additionally, this study suggests that alterations in the integrity of the mirror neuron system network are highly related to deficient theory of mind in schizophrenia, and this problem would be present from the early stage of psychosis.</P>