Nd:YAG 레이저 여기 H₂/CH₄ 라만 레이저의 출력 특성

전성률,이주희,황인덕 慶熙大學校 레이저工學硏究所 1997 레이저공학 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper,we have developed H₂/CH₄ Raman laser pumped by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for monitoring Water vapor or Aerosol in the atmosphere. Also we have investigated the output characteristics of H₂, CH₄ and mixed H₂/CH₄ Raman laser as functions of gas pressure and input pump energy, respectively.

공공도서관의 운영방식 및 위탁방식에 따른 이용자 만족도 비교

황혜신 ( Hie Shin Hwang ),차성종 ( Sung Jong Cha ) 한국정책학회 2011 韓國政策學會報 Vol.20 No.2

전국의 공공도서관은 지역 교육청, 지자체 등 운영주체가 다원화 되어있고, 운영방식도 직영과 위탁으로 구분되어 있다. 특히 최근에 총액인건비제의 제약 등으로 지방자치단체에서 설립되는 공공도서관들은 직영방식이 아닌 위탁방식을 도입하는 경우가 점차 확대되고 있다. 공공도서관의 운영방식이 크게 직영과 민간위탁의 두 가지로 대별되고 민간위탁 운영방식의 도입이 점차 증가하고 있는 현실에서 양 운영방식별로 제공하는 도서관 서비스의 차이를 분석하고 위탁을 할 경우 어떻게 위탁하여야 하는가를 분석할 필요가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문은 다음 두 가지 질문을 제기하고 있다. 첫째, 공공도서관은 직영과 위탁의 운영방식에 따라 이용자 만족도는 어떤 차이를 보일까? 둘째, 위탁기관의 성격, 경쟁의 유무, 위탁의 기간 등 위탁과정의 특징은 이용자 만족도에 어떤 영향을 미칠까? 본 연구의 조사 결과에 의하면 공공도서관의 운영이 위탁된 경우의 이용자 만족도가 직영인 경우의 이용자 만족도보다 전반적으로 유의미하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 위탁대상기관이 시민단체인 경우 이용자 만족도가 가장 높았으며, 가장 낮은 경우는 시설관리공단에 위탁한 경우로 나타났다. 한편 위탁 당시 경쟁의 유무는 기존의 많은 이론과 반대로 오히려 경쟁이 없었던 경우가 더 이용자의 만족도를 제고하는 것으로 나타나 연성 사회서비스의 경우에는 경쟁이 필요없다는 일부 학자들의 견해가 오히려 지지됨을 확인하였다. The management system of public libraries in Korea is diverse. The managing organizations are divided into local education offices and local governments. Local governments are increasingly contracting out the management of public libraries to various organizations due to limitations in the governmental personnel budget. At this point, before contracting out more public libraries, we need to assess the service between the contracted out libraries and those which are controlled directly, and search for better methods in contracting out libraries. This article raises two questions. First, what difference can we find between the user satisfaction in different management systems? Second, does the nature of contract organizations, competition, and duration period of the contract bring difference in user satisfaction? The results show that user satisfaction in public libraries is significantly higher in contracted out libraries than in directly controlled ones. Satisfaction was especially highest when the management was contracted out to NGOs and was lowest when contracted out to Government Facilities Management Corporations. Meanwhile, findings showed that contrary to previous theories, satisfaction was higher when there was no competition during the contracting out process, supporting the argument that no competition is conducive in the case of contracting out soft services.

류마티스 관절염 환자에서 Leflunomide와 methotrexate 병합의 유효성, 안전성 및 치료에 대한 예측인자에 관한 연구

정승혜 ( Seung Hie Chung ),김학준 ( Hak Jun Kim ),김상현 ( Sang Hyon Kim ),김채기 ( Chae Gi Kim ),황인선 ( In Sun Hwang ),최정윤 ( Jung Yoon Choe ) 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회지 Vol.69 No.1

조성비에 따른 Ba(Mg<SUB>1/3</SUB>Ta<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O₃-Ba(Co<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O₃ [BMT-BCN] 세라믹스의 구조 및 마이크로파 유전특성

황태광(Tae-Kwang Hwang),박인길(In-Gil Park),이성갑(Sung-Gap Lee),배선기(Seon-Gi Bae),이영희(Young-Hie Lee) 대한전기학회 2000 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.7

Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Repair of Defect in the Articular Disc in Rabbit Temporomandibular Joint by Platelet-Rich Fibrin

( Hyun Su Baek ),( Hye Sung Lee ),( Bok Joo Kim ),( In Kyo Chung ),( Chul Hoon Kim ),( Sun Mi Jin ),( Hie Sung Hwang ),( Sang Hun Shin2 ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.6

The objective of this study was to evaluate platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)’s effectiveness in repairing articular disc defect in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rabbits. Eight rabbits were divided into four groups of two rabbits each, corresponding to groups A, B, C, and D. Both TMJs of all of the rabbits were used in the experiments: the right joints comprised the experimental groups, and the left ones, the control groups. The disc defect was circular and 2 mm in diameter. In the experimental groups, the PRF was compressed into the defect, whereas the control group defects were left untreated. A, B, C, and D groups were sacrificed at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks, respectively. The defects of each control group exhibited no specific changes. Contrastingly, in each experimental group, there was an increased number of chondroblasts at the margins of the defects, along with accelerated cell differentiation and a columnar cell arrangement observable at the time of cell differentiation. The experimental groups showed inflammatory cell infiltrations and fibrosis by the 1st week, maturation of chondrocytes by the 2nd week, and proliferation by the 4th week, after which the defects began to be filled with chondrocytes, a process that was complete after the 6th week. In the histological evaluation (H-E), the experimental groups showed significant increases of chondroblasts after the 2nd and 4th weeks, as well as regular columns of chondrocyte arrays observable during cell division. After 6 weeks, the defects were filled with chondrocytes.

국산차의 관능적 품질특성에 관한 연구

이철호,신애자,홍성희,황성연 한국식생활문화학회 1987 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

우리나라 전통차의 제조기술 개발과 품질향상을 위한 기초연구로서 국내에서 생산되는 주요 다류(쌍화차, 생강차, 율무차, 현미차, 유자차, 홍차, 녹차) 7종에 대한 관능적 품질특성을 조사하였다. 다류의 관능평가를 위한 표준방법을 수립하기 위하여 50명의 대학생을 대상으로 하여 차종류에 따라 마시기에 가장 알맞은 온도범위를 조사하였든 바, 7종의 다류 모두 60℃-70℃ 범위가 최적 음다 온도로 나타났다. 최적온도는 일반적으로 다류 제조회사가 권장하는 농도가 적당한 것으로 평가되었다. 차종류에 따른 품질묘사는 주로 맛, 냄새, 입속의 감촉, 뒷맛 등에 대한 표현이 45종이 조사되었다. 이들 결과를 기초로 하여 8명의 훈련된 관능검사요원으로 구성된 관능검사파넬을 이용하여 차종류별 풍미묘사분석(flavor profile analysis)을 실시하였다. 차종류별 주요 풍미요소를 정리하여 풍미묘사분석방법을 수립하였고 차종류별 대표적인 시중제품과 순수한 추출물 및 원료들을 시료로 하여 총 29종의 flavor profile을 비교하였다. 이들 결과를 정량적 묘사분석법으로 도해하여 비교 분석하였다. The sensory quality characteristics of 7 different types of Korean traditional tea products were analyzed. For the standardization of sensory testing condition, the optimum drinking temperature were measured with 50 students, and all the samples tested were found to fall in the range of 60-70℃. The optimum concentrations of tea for drinking were generally met with the amount recommended by the producer. A total of 45 sensory describing terms expressing the taste, odor, and mouthfeel were collected. Using the sensory describing terms as the character notes, flavor profile analysis was made for each tea product with 8 members of trained panel. The differences in quality characteristics of 29 test samples were evaluated and shown in the chart constructed by the quantitative descriptive analysis method.

금강수계 자연유기물 특성 분석

유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ),황종연 ( Jong Yeon Hwang ),김창수 ( Chang Soo Kim ),하성룡 ( Sung Ryong Ha ),채민희 ( Min Hie Chae ),권동연 ( Dong Yeon Kwon ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2004 No.-

공공도서관 민간위탁 해외 사례 비교 연구

최성락(Seong-Rak Choi),황혜신(Hie-Shin Hwang),차성종(Sung-Jong Cha) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.10

현재 한국의 공공도서관 정책에서는 지방자치단체의 공공도서관 민간위탁을 보다 더 증가시켜야 하는지 여부등에 대하여 많은 논의가 진행되고 있다. 공공도서관을 민간위탁할 경우 효율성과 공공성에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대한 문제 의식이 존재하는데, 본 연구에서는 주요국들의 공공도서관 민간위탁 사례들을 비교 검토함으로써 국내 공공도서관 민간위탁에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 각국 공공도서관 민간위탁에 대한 비교결과, 공공도서관 민간위탁이 세계 각국의 일반적 경향이라고 볼 수는 없었다. 다만 공공도서관 민간위탁을 받아들인 국가에서는 공공도서관 민간위탁이 점차 증가하고 있었다. 그러나 민간위탁이 이루어지는 업무 범위는 국가간에 차이가 존재하였다. 결론적으로 공공도서관 민간위탁은 도서관을 운영하는 여러 가지 방법 내지 수단 중의 하나로서, 각국은 자기들에 적합한 도서관 운영 제도와 방법을 구축하고 있었다. 한국의 공공도서관 민간위탁은 기존 공공도서관 민간위탁 논리가 아닌 별도의 논리가 요구된다. There are lot of arguments whether it is necessary to outsource public libraries in Korea. What are the impacts of outsourcing public libraries? Is it efficient and productive? How is the publicness of public libraries maintained after outsourcing? This article studies public library outsourcing in the U.S, England, Germany, and Japan, and finds implications for Korea. The results of this comparative study show that outsourcing public libraries is not common in many countries. However the number of outsourcing is slowly increasing. Public library outsourcing does not always enhance productivity and publicness. Outsourcing public libraries is only one of the various managing systems of public libraries, and each county has its own unique library management system. Korea should also develop its own outsourcing policies and strategies regarding public libraries to attain their productivity and publicness.

측두하악장애환자에서 악관절 세척술후 관절활액의 전구염증성 Cytokines의 발현

김철훈(Cheol-Hun Kim),황희성(Hie-Sung Hwang),신상훈(Sang-Hoon Shin),정인교(In-Kyo Chung),황태호(Tae-Ho Hwang) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2005 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

The purpose of this study is that evaluate the distribution and biological roles of TNF-a, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in the synovial fliud of patients with non-inflammatory chronic temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorders in relation to pain during joint movements and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings. TMJ synovial fluids aspirates were obtained from 36 patients (36 joints) with chronic TMJ disorders and from 8 controls(8 joints). Patients were divided to four groups. The control group was from healthy volunteers(8 joints), group I(18 joints) was patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction, group II(5 joints) was patients with disc displacement without reduction and group III (5 joints) was osteoarthritis. The TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 levels in the aspirates were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the TIMP-1 level was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Following examinations for pain during joint movements and MRI observations, these cytokines’level and frequencies of detection were compared. The level of IL-1βwas not significant different in all groups. but the level of TNF-α, IL-6 and TIMP-1 were significant different among groups. The level of IL-6 and TIMP-1 were correlated to pain during movement(p〈0.01) and the level of TNF-a(p〈0.05). Also, the level of IL-6 was correlated to the level of TIMP-1(p〈0.01). Especially, The level of the TIMP-1 level was significantly correlated to the pain during movement and showed very high levle of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r=0.833)(p〈0.001). The results indicated that the TNF-α, IL-6 and TIMP-1 levels in the TMJ aspirates of patients with chronic TMJ disorders have been raised. Especially, IL-6 and TIMP-1 were very high levels in the patients who were degraded in the TMJ. Also, TNF-α, IL-6 and TIMP-1 showed the significant correlation in the chronic temporomandibular joint disorders. Therefore I suggest that these cytokines were also correlated to the pain during movement in the chronic temporomandibular joint disorders

TGMS를 위한 터널설비의 신호체계 연구

김태형(Tae-Hyung Kim),황인주(In-Ju Hwang),금재성(Jae-Seong Keum),채상훈(Sang-Hoon Chae),정진택(Jin-Taek Chung),홍대희 (Dae-Hie Hong),김진(Jin Kim) 대한설비공학회 2006 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11

There are many equipments installed inside tunnels such as electric power distribution/DC power facility, uninterrupted power supply, private electric generator, illumination facility, meteorological observation equipment, disaster protection facility, snow plow equipment, adjustable sign facility, radio re-broadcasting facility, CCTV, emergency telephone system, etc. The standard signal classification about these facilities is the most important element in the success of tunnel group management system. As such, the goal of this paper is to provide the signal classification for TGMS.