중국 상업은행의 효율성과 생산성 분석

양옥결(Liang, Yujie),이연호(Yeonho Lee) 한국경제통상학회 2015 경제연구 Vol.33 No.3

본고는 2004∼2013년 자료를 이용해 중국의 5대 국유상업은행과 8개 대형 주식상업은행의 효율성과 생산성을 분석한다. DEA 기법과 Malmquist 생산성지수를 적용해 상업은행의 기술효율성과 생산성 변화를 추정하고, 생산성 변화요인을 기술효율성, 기술진보, 순수 기술효 율성, 규모효율성으로 분해해 분석한 후, 효율성을 향상시키는 방안을 도출한다. 분석결과, 과거 10년간 중국 상업은행의 기술효율성은 크게 향상되지는 않았으나 은행별로 차이가 많았다. 특히 국유상업은행은 주식상업은행보다 기술효율성이 훨씬 낮으며 대부분 규모 에 대한 수확체감 상태에 놓여있다. 과거 10년간 중국 상업은행의 생산성지수는 연평균 4.2% 의 안정적인 성장을 보였으며, 생산성은 기술효율성 보다는 기술진보에 의해 주도됐다. 상업은행의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 은행의 주식구조를 선진화하고 은행규모를 적정화하는 방안이 요망된다. 특히 국유은행의 경우는 임직원 수, 지점 등을 줄여 과대규모에 따른 저효율 문제를 해소할 필요가 있다. Using the data of 13 Chinese commercial banks for the period between 2004 to 2013, this paper estimates the efficiency and productivity of Chinese commercial banks. We employ the DEA model and the Malmquist total factor productivity index Based on the empirical results, we derive policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of the Chinese commercial banks. The overall efficiency of 13 Chinese commercial banks has not improved significantly during the past 10 years, but the efficiency level differs much across banks. In specific, the efficiency of 5 major state-owned commercial banks is much lower than those of 8 joint-stock commercial banks. Many of state-owned commercial banks exhibit the decreasing returns to scale. The Malmquist productivity index of 13 Chinese commercial banks has improved by 4.2% annually, which is mainly led by technological progress. In order to improve the efficiency of commercial banks, Chinese government needs to restructure their equity structures and adjust the scales of commercial banks, specifically state-owned banks.

MnO₂-Nanosheet-Modified Gold Nanocage Loaded with Chlorin e6 for Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy

Yujie Gao,Ruijing Liang,Jintao Zhu 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Delay Reduction for Liner-Search Based Packet Filters

Liang Zhao,Yuji Inoue,Hideo Yamamoto 대한전자공학회 2004 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2004 No.7

Control Over the Branched Structures of Platinum Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Applications

Ma, Liang,Wang, Chengming,Gong, Ming,Liao, Lingwen,Long, Ran,Wang, Jinguo,Wu, Di,Zhong, Wei,Kim, Moon J.,Chen, Yanxia,Xie, Yi,Xiong, Yujie American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.11

<P>Structural control of branched nanocrystals allows tuning two parameters that are critical to their catalytic activitythe surface-to-volume ratio, and the number of atomic steps, ledges, and kinks on surface. In this work, we have developed a simple synthetic system that allows tailoring the numbers of branches in Pt nanocrystals by tuning the concentration of additional HCl. In the synthesis, HCl plays triple functions in tuning branched structures <I>via</I> oxidative etching: (i) the crystallinity of seeds and nanocrystals; (ii) the number of {111} or {100} faces provided for growth sites; (iii) the supply kinetics of freshly formed Pt atoms in solution. As a result, tunable Pt branched structurestripods, tetrapods, hexapods, and octopods with identical chemical environmentcan be rationally synthesized in a single system by simply altering the etching strength. The controllability in branched structures enables to reveal that their electrocatalytic performance can be optimized by constructing complex structures. Among various branched structures, Pt octopods exhibit particularly high activity in formic acid oxidation as compared with their counterparts and commercial Pt/C catalysts. It is anticipated that this work will open a door to design more complex nanostructures and to achieve specific functions for various applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-11/nn304237u/production/images/medium/nn-2012-04237u_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn304237u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Determination of ginsenosides in Asian and American ginsengs by liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS: assessing variations based on morphological characteristics

Chen, Yujie,Zhao, Zhongzhen,Chen, Hubiao,Brand, Eric,Yi, Tao,Qin, Minjian,Liang, Zhitao The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.1

Background: Asian ginseng and American ginseng are functional foods that share a close genetic relationship and are well-known worldwide. This article aims to investigate the correlation between morphological characteristics and the inherent quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Methods: In this study, an ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was established for the quantitative analysis of 45 ginseng samples. The method developed for determination was precise and accurate. Results: The results showed that Asian ginseng samples with the same growing time (with the same or similar number of stem scars) that had a thinner main root, a longer rhizome and more branch roots contained greater amounts of ginsenosides. For American ginseng, two tendencies were observed in the relationship between the diameter of the main root and contents of ginsenosides. One tendency was that samples with thinner main roots tended to contain higher levels of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-shen. Another tendency was that samples with thicker main roots contained higher contents of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-mian, as well as in samples of American ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Conclusion: An approach using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS was successfully established to link morphology and active components for evaluating the quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Clear correlation between visible morphological features and quality of Asian and American ginsengs was found. People can see the difference; this means consumers and vendors can evaluate ginseng by themselves.

Property Assessment of High-Performance Concrete Containing Three Types of Fibers

Hua Huang,Yujie Yuan,Wei Zhang,Liang Zhu 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.6

This study investigated the mechanical properties and the effects of the volume fraction for carbon fibers (CF-VF), polypropylene fibers (PPF-VF) and aramid fibers (AF-VF) with a fixed aspect ratio of 650 for the carbon fibers, 400 for the polypropylene fibers and 900 for the aramid fibers in hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC). Furthermore, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural tensile tests were carried out to obtain the optimal total volume fraction for the three types of fibers, as well as the optimal ratio between the CF-VF, PPF-VF and AF-VF. In addition, stress-strain curves of normal concrete and HFRC were examined to explore the whole mechanical process. The results indicated the CF-VF, PPF-VF and AF-VF have a significant effect on the tensile and flexural strengths of HFRC. The HFRC with a fiber additional ratio of 25:50:25 had the best hybrid effect. Moreover, a calculation method based on the compressive strength of normal concrete and HFRC and the volume fraction is proposed to calculate the strength of HFRC in engineering as a reference. Besides, a uniaxial compression constitutive mathematical model of normal concrete and HFRC is established.

Probing the nature of high‐<i>z</i> short GRB 090426 with its early optical and X‐ray afterglows

Xin, Li‐,Ping,Liang, En‐,Wei,Wei, Jian‐,Yan,Zhang, Bing,Lv, Hou‐,Jun,Zheng, Wei‐,Kang,Urata, Yuji,Im, Myungshin,Wang, Jing,Qiu, Yu‐,Lei,Deng, Jin‐,Song,Huang, Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.410 No.1

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>GRB 090426 is a short‐duration burst detected by <I>Swift</I> (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the observer frame and <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu2.gif' alt ='inline image'/> s in the burst frame at <I>z</I>= 2.609). Its host galaxy properties and some gamma‐ray‐related correlations are analogous to those seen in long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs), which are believed to be of a massive star origin (so‐called Type II GRBs). We present the results of its early optical observations with the 0.8‐m Tsinghua University–National Astronomical Observatory of China Telescope (TNT) at Xinglong Observatory and the 1‐m LOAO telescope at Mt Lemmon Optical Astronomy Observatory in Arizona. Our well‐sampled optical afterglow light curve covers from <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu3.gif' alt ='inline image'/> to 10<SUP>4</SUP> s after the GRB trigger. It shows two shallow decay episodes that are likely due to energy injection, which end at <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu4.gif' alt ='inline image'/> and 7100 s, respectively. The decay slopes after the injection phases are consistent with each other (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu5.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The X‐ray afterglow light curve appears to trace the optical, although the second energy‐injection phase was missed due to visibility constraints introduced by the <I>Swift</I> orbit. The X‐ray spectral index is <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu6.gif' alt ='inline image'/> without temporal evolution. Its decay slope is consistent with the prediction of the forward shock model. Both X‐ray and optical emission are consistent with being in the same spectral regime above the cooling frequency (<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu7.gif' alt ='inline image'/>). The fact that <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_17419_mu8.gif' alt ='inline image'/> is below the optical band from the very early epoch of the observation provides a constraint on the burst environment, which is similar to that seen in classical long‐duration GRBs. We therefore suggest that death of a massive star is the possible progenitor of this short burst.</P>

NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation contributes to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus by increasing the permeability of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the choroid plexus

Zhang Zhaoqi,Guo Peiwen,Liang Liang,Jila Shiju,Ru Xufang,Zhang Qiang,Chen Jingyu,Chen Zhi,Feng Hua,Chen Yujie 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Hydrocephalus is a severe complication that can result from intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if this hemorrhage extends into the ventricles. Our previous study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion in the choroid plexus epithelium. However, the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus remains unclear, and therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment are lacking. In this study, an Nlrp3−/− rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell culture were used to investigate the potential effects of NLRP3-dependent lipid droplet formation and its role in the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The data indicated that NLRP3-mediated dysfunction of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSFB) accelerated neurological deficits and hydrocephalus, at least in part, through the formation of lipid droplets in the choroid plexus; these lipid droplets interacted with mitochondria and increased the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that destroyed tight junctions in the choroid plexus after intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension. This study broadens the current understanding of the relationship among NLRP3, lipid droplets and the B-CSFB and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Strategies to protect the B-CSFB may be effective therapeutic approaches for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photocatalytic Water Oxidation of Cu2O Nanocube-Loaded BiVO4 Nanocrystal Heterostructures

Wenzhong Wang,Weiwei Zhang,Shan Meng,Lujie Jia,Miao Tan,Chenchun Hao,Yujie Liang,JUN WANG,Bin Zou 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

Reducing the fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairsof semiconductor photocatalyst is very important to improve itsphotocatalysis. In this paper we fabricate Cu2O nanocube-decoratedBiVO4 nanocrystal (denoted as BiVO4@Cu2O nanocrystal@nanocube)heterostructure photocatalyst by coupling n-type BiVO4 with p-type Cu2O. The BiVO4@Cu2O nanocrystal@nanocube photocatalysts show superiorphotocatalytic activities in photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity andphotocatalytic water oxidation to BiVO4 photocatalysts under visible lightillumination. The BiVO4@Cu2O nanocrystal@nanocube heterostructureelectrode achieves the highest photocurrent density of ~ 10 μA cm−2 at 0 Vversus Ag/AgCl, 5 times higher than that of BiVO4 nanocrystal electrode (~ 2 μA cm−2). The light induced evolution rate of O2generation for BiVO4@Cu2O nanocrystal@nanocube heterostructures is as high as 150 μmol h−1100 mg cat−1, more than 3times higher than that (48 μmol h−1100 mg cat−1) of BiVO4 nanocrystals. The enhanced photocatalysis activities of theBiVO4@Cu2O nanocrystal@nanocube photocatalysts are attributed to the efficient separation of the photoexcited electron-holepairs caused by inner electronic field (IEF) of p-n junction. This study opens up new opportunities in designing photoactivematerials with highly enhanced performance for solar energy conversion.

Confinement coefficient of concrete-filled square stainless steel tubular stub columns

Fa-Xing Ding,Yi-xiang Yin,Liping Wang,Yujie Yu,Liang Luo,Zhi-wu Yu 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.30 No.4

The objective of this paper is to investigate the confinement coefficient of concrete-filled square stainless steel tubular (CFSSST) stub columns under axial loading. A fine finite 3D solid element model was established, which utilized a constitutive model of stainless steel considering the strain-hardening characteristics and a triaxial plastic-damage constitutive model of concrete with features of the parameter certainty under axial compression. The finite element analysis results revealed that the increased ultimate bearing capacity of CFSSST stub columns compared with their carbon steel counterparts was mainly due to that the composite action of CFSSST stub columns is stronger than that of carbon steel counterparts. A further parametric study was carried out based on the verified model, and it was found that the stress contribution of the stainless steel tube is higher than the carbon steel tube. The stress nephogram was simplified reasonably in accordance with the limit state of core concrete and a theoretical formula was proposed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of square CFSSST stub columns using superposition method. The predicted results showed satisfactory agreement with both the experimental and FE results. Finally, the comparisons of the experimental and predicted results using the proposed formula and the existing codes were illustrated.