Granular Effects on Depositional Processes of Debris Avalanches

Yu-xiang Hu,Hai-bo Li,Shun-chao Qi,Gang Fan,Jia-wen Zhou 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.4

Debris avalanches generally have massive mobility and extensive deposited area, which have strong relation to the granular effect. The granular effect is an outcome from the interaction (based on frictional mechanism) among particles. Discrepancy of grain composition, for instance the difference of particle size and their proportion of particles, is a key factor to influence granular effect. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to research the granular effects on depositional processes of debris avalanches containing fine- and coarse-grained particles. The velocity of debris front, the morphology characteristics and runout distance of the debris avalanche are considered in detail, and the mass parameter and the size parameter are introduced in analysis for the research of granular effect. The experimental results indicate that the granular effects can decrease the dissipation of momentum and increase the accumulation region, leading to further runout distance and more extensive deposited areas. Further, the velocity, the range of depositions of debris avalanches are larger than that in other conditions when the proportion of fine-grained particles is 30%, especially the materials consist of heterogeneous granular. It means there have a critical mass parameter in experiments which lead to the high efficiency of granular effects, and the granular effect is weakening in homogeneous granular composition.

Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces depression in offspring of mice with maternal toxoplasma infection during pregnancy by inhibiting microglial activation via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway

Xiang Xu,Yu-Nan Lu,Jia-Hui Cheng,Hui-Wen Lan,Jing-Mei Lu,Guang-Nan Jin,Guang-Hua Xu,Cheng-Hua Jin,Juan Ma,Hu-Nan Piao,Xuejun Jin,Lian-Xun Piao 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Maternal Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy has been associated with various mental illnesses in the offspring. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a major bioactive compound obtained from ginseng that has an anti-T. gondii effect and attenuates microglial activation through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. GRh2 also alleviated tumor-associated or lipopolysaccharide-induced depression. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of GRh2 on depression-like behavior in mouse offspring caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy have not been investigated. Methods: We examined GRh2 effects on the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring, caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy, by measuring depression-like behaviors and assaying parameters at the neuronal and molecular level. Results: We showed that GRh2 significantly improved behavioral measures: sucrose consumption, forced swim time and tail suspended immobility time of their offspring. These corresponded with increased tissue concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, and attenuated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the prefrontal cortex. GRh2 ameliorated neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex. Molecular docking results revealed that GRh2 binds strongly to both TLR4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GRh2 ameliorated the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring of maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy by attenuating the excessive activation of microglia and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. It suggests that GRh2 could be considered a potential therapy in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders in the offspring mice of mothers with prenatal exposure to T. gondii infection.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Microstructure Evolution During Solidification of Copper Nanoparticles

Yu-Quan Yuan,Xiang-Guo Zeng,Hua-Yan Chen,An-Lin Yao,Yan-Fei Hu 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.11

The effect of cooling rate on the microstructure evolution of liquid Cu nanoparticles during their solidification process is investigated by using a molecular dynamics simulation based on the embedded atom method (EAM) potential developed by Foiles et al.. The potential energy analysis,the pair distribution function and the common neighbor analysis have been used. The results show that the solidification point increases with decreasing cooling rate and that the solidification of the microstructure of Cu nanoparticles varies with the cooling rate. The microstructure consists of fcc,hcp and bcc crystals or mixtures, though the fcc structure dominates, except in the amorphous state. An amorphous structure was obtained when the cooling rate reached 1.0 × 1013 K/s or higher while crystallization degree increased with decreasing cooling rate, and the total content of crystal structures reached to 95% when the cooling rate dropped to 4.0 × 1011 K/s, which was nearly a perfect crystal structure. The results also indicate that a single-crystal nanoparticle will not be obtained by quenching the liquid metal under various cooling rates.

Synthesis of Some Biologically Active Halogenopurines

Hu, Yu Lin,Liu, Xiang,Lu, Ming,Ge, Qiang,Liu, Xiao Bin Korean Chemical Society 2010 대한화학회지 Vol.54 No.4

A series of some biologically active halogenopurines were synthesized from commercially available guanine (1). The reaction of guanine with acetic anhydride yielded 2,9-diacetylguanine (2-1) by acetylation reaction. Further treatment of 2-1 with $POCl_3$ by PEG-2000 phase transfer catalysis furnished the important compound 3a, then 2-amino-6-halogenopurines (3b-d) were obtained through chlorine-exchange halogenations between KX and 3a by TPPB phase transfer catalyst. Further, 2-halogenopurines (2-2a-d, 4-2a-d, 5a-d) were efficiently prepared from 2-amino-6-substituted purines (1, 3a, 4-1) via a diazotization catalyzed by their corresponding CuX, and some new compounds 2-2a, 2-2c, 2-2d, 4-2c, 4-2d, 5b, 5c and 5d have been discovered. The structures of synthesized compounds were mainly established on the basis of their elemental analysis, $^1H$ NMR, as well as their mass spectral data. All the title compounds were screened for their antifungal activities, and some of the compounds showed promising activity. Guanine (1)으로부터 생물활성이 있는 halogenopurines계 화합물을 합성하였다. Guanine을 acetic anhydride와 반응시켜서 2,9-diacetylguanine (2-1)을 합성하여 얻어진 화합물을 $POCl_3$와 반응시켜서 화합물 3a를 합성하고, 다음 단계에서 2-amino-6-halogenopurines (3b-d)를 합성하였다. 2-Halogenopurines (2-2a-d, 4-2a-d, 5a-d)을 2-amino-6-substituted purines (1, 3a, 4-1)로부터 효율적으로 합성한 후에, 새로운 화합물인 2-2a, 2-2c, 2-2d, 4-2c, 4-2d, 5b, 5c 및 5d를 합성하였다. 합성한 화합물의 구조를 원소분석, $^1H$ NMR, mass spectral data로 확인하였으며, 합성한 화합물에 대한 항균 활성을 시험하였다.

Fancd2os Reduces Testosterone Production by Inhibiting Steroidogenic Enzymes and Promoting Cellular Apoptosis in Murine Testicular Leydig Cells

Xiang Zhai,Xin-yang Li,Yu-jing Wang,Ke-ru Qin,Jin-rui Hu,Mei-ning Li,Hai-long Wang,Rui Guo 대한내분비학회 2022 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.37 No.3

Background: It is well-established that serum testosterone in men decreases with age, yet the underlying mechanism of this changeremains elusive. Methods: The expression patterns of Fancd2 opposite-strand (Fancd2os) in BALB/c male mice and testicular tissue derived celllines (GC-1, GC-2, TM3, and TM4) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. The Fancd2os-overexpressing or knockdown TM3 cells were constructed by infecting them with lentivirus particlesand were used to evaluated the function of Fancd2os. The testosterone production was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the steroidogenic enzymes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 cholesterol sidechain cleavage (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were analysed using RT-PCR. The apoptosis of TM3cells induced by ultraviolet light or testicular tissues was detected using flow cytometry, Western blot or dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the Fancd2os expression and TUNELpositive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells. Results: The Fancd2os protein was predominantly expressed in mouse testicular Leydig cells and its expression increased with age. Fancd2os overexpression inhibited testosterone levels in TM3 Leydig cells, whereas knockdown of Fancd2os elevated testosteroneproduction. Fancd2os overexpression downregulated the levels of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD, while Fancd2os knockdown reversed this effect. Fancd2os overexpression promoted ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis of TM3 cells. In contrast, Fancd2os knockdown restrained apoptosis in TM3 cells. In vivo assays revealed that higher Fancd2os levels and mouse age were associated with increased apoptosis in Leydig cells and decreased serum testosterone levels. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited a strong positivecorrelation between the expression of Fancd2os and TUNEL-positive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Fancd2os regulates testosterone synthesis via both steroidogenic enzymes and the apoptoticpathway.

Targeting treatment of bladder cancer using PTK7 aptamer-gemcitabine conjugate

Xiang Wei,Peng Yongbo,Zeng Hongliang,Yu Chunping,Zhang Qun,Liu Biao,Liu Jiahao,Hu Xing,Wei Wensu,Deng Minhua,Wang Ning,Liu Xuewen,Xie Jianfei,Hou Weibin,Tang Jin,Long Zhi,Wang Long,Liu Jianye 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the first-line chemotherapies for bladder cancer (BC), but the GEMs cannot recognize cancer cells and have a low long-term response rate and high recurrence rate with side effects during the treatment of BC. Targeted transport of GEMs to mediate cytotoxicity to tumor and avoid the systemic side effects remains a challenge in the treatment of BC.Based on a firstly confirmed biomarker in BC-protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which is overexpressed on the cell membrane surface in BC cells, a novel targeting system protein tyrosine kinase 7 aptamer-Gemcitabine conjugate (PTK7-GEMs) was designed and synthesized using a specific PTK7 aptamer and GEM through auto-synthesis method to deliver GEM against BC. In addition, the antitumor effects and safety evaluation of PTK7-GEMs was assessed with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.PTK7-GEMs can specifically bind and enter to BC cells dependent on the expression levels of PTK7 and via the macropinocytosis pathway, which induced cytotoxicity after GEM cleavage from PTK7-GEMs respond to the intracellular phosphatase. Moreover, PTK7-GEMs showed stronger anti-tumor efficacy and excellent biosafety in three types of tumor xenograft mice models.These results demonstrated that PTK7-GEMs is a successful targeted aptamer-drug conjugates strategy (APDCs) to treat BC, which will provide new directions for the precision treatment of BC in the field of biomarker-oriented tumor targeted therapy.

An Efficient Synthetic Method for 3,3',4,4'-Biphenyltetracarboxylic Anhydride

Yu Lin Hu,Ming Lu,Xiang Liu,Peng Cheng Wang 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.9

An Efficient Synthetic Method for 3,3',4,4'-Biphenyltetracarboxylic Anhydride

Hu, Yu Lin,Lu, Ming,Liu, Xiang,Wang, Peng Cheng Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.9

Suppression of Ku80 Correlates with Radiosensitivity and Telomere Shortening in the U2OS Telomerase-negative Osteosarcoma Cell Line

Hu, Liu,Wu, Qin-Qin,Wang, Wen-Bo,Jiang, Huan-Gang,Yang, Lei,Liu, Yu,Yu, Hai-Jun,Xie, Cong-Hua,Zhou, Yun-Feng,Zhou, Fu-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Ku70/80 heterodimer is a central element in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway, Ku80 playing a key role in regulating the multiple functions of Ku proteins. It has been found that the Ku80 protein located at telomeres is a major contributor to radiosensitivity in some telomerase positive human cancer cells. However, in ALT human osteosarcoma cells, the precise function in radiosensitivity and telomere maintenance is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ku80 depletion in the U2OS ALT cell line cell line. Suppression of Ku80 expression was performed using a vector-based shRNA and stable Ku80 knockdown in cells was verified by Western blotting. U2OS cells treated with shRNA-Ku80 showed lower radiobiological parameters (D0, Dq and SF2) in clonogenic assays. Furthermore, shRNA-Ku80 vector transfected cells displayed shortening of the telomere length and showed less expression of TRF2 protein. These results demonstrated that down-regulation of Ku80 can sensitize ALT cells U2OS to radiation, and this radiosensitization is related to telomere length shortening.

Energy-saving Methods in the Operation of Virtual Networks Based on Divided Time Slices

HU Ying,ZHUANG Lei,HU Yu-xiang,MA Ding 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.7

Reducing energy consumption has also become an important way to reduce expenditures and increase revenue for ISP. For solving the problem of dynamically changing network-flow of virtual network in runtime, we first analyze relations and differences between virtual network and IP network on energy-saving issues. We secondly model the makeup of energy consumption in virtual network, and determine the object of energy-saving in virtual network at. Finally we propose the solutions to this energy-saving problem. The solutions can be described as follows: (1) based on the historical data of daily network-flow, we divide one day into two time slices, and one is called idle time slice, the other is called busy time slice; (2) we design the dynamic switch-off algorithm and run it at the beginning of idle time slice, and we use former algorithms to be started at the beginning of busy time slice; (3) in the dynamic switch-off algorithm we determine the method to select virtual networks and the method to remap; (4) we apply roulette wheel to select virtual networks, in the selection method we consider both current influences on energy-saving and influences in the future. Simulation results show that the dynamic switch-off algorithm can effectively select virtual networks, and the whole solution performs well in energy aware virtual network in runtime.