Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

중환자실 병원감염에 대한 다기관 공동 조사연구

박은숙,박미라,진혜영,김정은,최정실,송영구,최영화,이위교,홍성관,허애정,양동규,김준명 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

白鼠의 高脂血症에 蒼朴二陳湯이 미치는 影響

崔達永,金俊錡,朴元煥,金曠洛 대한동의병리학회 1997 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 한국에서 최근 발병률이 증대되고 있는 名種 循環器系 疾患의 誘發因子로서 중요시 인식되는 高脂血症에 대한 한의학적 치료방법 및 치료방제에 대한 탐색에서 시도된 논문이다. 이에 저자는 韓醫學에서 高脂血症과 개념상 유사성이 많은 心痛 胸痺 정충 水腫 眩暈 喘證 中風 等의 範疇에 속하는 병증의 치법에 다용되는 化痰祛瘀의 治方中『症因脈治』에 收載된 蒼朴二陳湯이 痰飮治療의 基本方인 二陳湯과 除濕運脾의 作用이 있는 蒼朮과 行氣의 作用이 있는 厚朴으로 構成되어 있어 高脂血症의 治療에 有效할 것으로 理論的으로 기대되어 이를 實驗的으로 立證하기 위하여 高脂肪性食餌로 高脂血症을 야기한 白鼠에 蒼朴二陳湯을 投與시켜 血淸 total-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholestrol, phospholipid, β-lipoprotein 等의 含量變化 및 total-cholesterol 含量에 대한 HDL-cholesterol 含量의 比率變化와 total-cholesterol 含量에 對한 phospholipid 含量의 比率變化 等을 觀察한 바 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 蒼朴二陳湯은 白鼠의 高脂血症病態의 改善에 有意한 效果가 있는 것으로 認定되며 高血壓, 動脈硬化 및 이로 因한 中風 等에도 臨床的 應用이 可能할 것으로 思科된다. This study was done in order to investigate the effect of Changbakleezintang on hyperlipidemia. Results: 1. The level of serum total cholesterol was decreased with the significance in the sample groups as compared with the control groups. 2. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased with the significance in sample groups as compared with the control groups. 3. The level of serum phospholipid was increased with significance in Sample 1 group as compared with Control 1 group, but Sample 2 group did not show significance as compared with Control 2 group. 4. The level of serum β-lipoprotein was decreased with the significance in Control 1 group, but control 2 group did not show significance. 5. Rate of total cholesterol vs. HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol vs. phospholipid were increased in the sample groups as compared with the control groups. It is considered that Changbakleezintang respectively had recovering effect on the Hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol in male rats. So it can be use to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and related deseases.

영어의 부정사의 발달과 분포에 관한 연구

최준영 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol.43 No.2

On the Development and Distribution of Infinitives in English Choi, June-Young In this paper I investigate constructions involving bare, prepositional, pro- and split infinitives, and accusative with infinitives, from the historical perspective. In origin, the bare infinitive in English was the noun of neuter gender used as nominative and accusative cases. The prepositional infinitive was evolved out of gerund, with to signifying a dative preposition. Albeit its ending has been phonologically weakened, the infinitive in English still has a null head with features [-V, +N], which needs to satisfy the Case Filter in the same way as the overt infinitival head in Romance does. Therefore the placement of infinitives complies with the Case Filter. With the gradual decline of infinitival ending, the bare infinitive is generally being replaced by the prepositional infinitive in the history of English directly due to the loss of verb movement. The placement of infinitives depends on the correlation of the matrix verb and its infinitival complement structurally and semantically. When the matrix verb and the infinitive are separated by a noun or a group of words, the infinitive is preceded by to. But when the two verbs are detached by a light or a pronominal NP, the φ-infinitive is needed. In meaning, the bare infinitive signals directness, i.e. it indicates the actuality of an event and the simultaneity of tense domains of the two verbs. On the other hand, the prepositional infinitive shows indirectness, i.e. a separation between the activity of the matrix verb and that of the infinitive, either in time and reality.

영어강세에 관한 통시적 연구

최준영 신한영미어문학회 1995 새한영어영문학 Vol.33 No.-

In Proto-Indo-European, stress was free. It could fall on any syllable of a stem or an affix, so it could not be distinctive. And in Proto-Germanic, stress of non-compound words was covered by the Germanic Stress Rule, which generally stresses the first syllable of the word. For compounds and complex forms, stress was determined by the Compound Stress Rule, which stresses the first independent word. It is in effect a repetition of GSR at a higher level after determining word-stress. The GSR, originally putting stress on the first syllable of the word in early Proto-Germanic, could not stress the first weak prefix at the turn of North West Germanic. In result, the operative version of the GSR in Old English corresponded to the Initial Stress Rule and the Stress Retraction Rule: the first places stress on the stem-initial syllable, and the second retracts the stress from the last, or the only, syllable of the stem to the first syllable of the word in nouns and adjectives. The two rules were applied to the native Germanic words. In Middle English, the GSR weakened with the huge post-Conquest borrowings of french, Latin, and Greeks. The loans were stressed by the Latin-based Romance Stress rule, which was the foundation of the Middle English stress system partly because the RSR could subsume most native words. Its peculiar feature is that the last heavy syllable of words receives stress while the antepenultimate vowel in words has stress regardless of its weight. Modern English stress system is closer to the Latin than the GSR pattern. As the differences in form between the native Germanic words and the Romance loans became extinct at last, Chomsky and Halle (1968) established from the synchronic standpoint the Main Stress Rule out of the ISR and the RSR. On the other hand, the SRR developed into the Alternating Stress Rule after repeated modifications. The CSR, which was applied to both compounds and complex forms, is now only to compounds. for complex forms, the Nuclear Stress Rule has developed, which gives rising stress contours.

영어의 V2 제약과 소멸

최준영 새한영어영문학회 2002 새한영어영문학 Vol.44 No.2

In the course of the conversion of SOV to SOV in the word order of OE, the finite verb is often placed following one initial constituent, whether it is the subject or not, and whatever the rest of the word order of the clause is. We refer to the characteristic as the V2 constraint, which OE shares with its Germanic sister languages. There are two variants of the V2 phenomenon; CV2 in which the finite verb moves to the CP domain, and IV2 where the finite verb moves to the IP domain. The first type of V2 is attested in German, Dutch, and Mainland Scandinavian, while the second type of V2 is represented by language like Yiddish and Icelandic. The V2 constraint in OE led scholars to illustrate their views distinctively. Pintzuk(1991) has shown that the OE is IV2 language, while Kemenade(1978) attested to the CV2 syntax of OE. The southern dialect of ME preserves the V2 syntax of OE, in spite of having become I-medial and VO in basic word order. The northern dialect of ME has developed the verb-movement syntax of CV2 language and hence become similar in its syntax to the modern Continental Scandinavian languages. Geleren(1993) agrees with Kemenade in adopting the Dutch/German-style V-to-C analysis for OE and ME. She dates the introduction of I(T(ence)) to c. 1380. She interprets the decline of V2 as a reinterpretation of OE CPs with V-to-C movement as IPs without V-to-I movement. She derives from the decline of V2 a series of changes in verb syntax that come into the language at this time. The appearance of split infinitives, pro-infinitives, accusative-and-infinitive constructions, peripheral do, and modals are all analyzed as structural reflexes of this new category and the loss of V2.

DO 지원에 관한 통시적 연구

최준영 새한영어영문학회 2000 새한영어영문학 Vol.42 No.2

The purpose of this study is to track do to its origin, its growth, and its present status. The dumm auxiliary do like other auxiliaries is base-generated at T instead of its generation at C directly, since it takes VP as its complement. The origin of auxiliary do can be traced to full verb don. Full verb do especially in early intransitive camphoric or anaphoric use for another verb meaning 'act', a typical transitive use meaning 'perform', causative do usually in the form of do+NP+infinitive and do+infinitive, anticipative do with appositive V or infinitival V, pro-verb do and so on has been evolved into auxiliary do. Periphrastic auxiliary do is found before others in rhymed verses in the thirteenth century, and in prose in the fifteenth century. But probably the auxiliary do had been used in spoken language in Old English and in Early Middle English before it was authorized in standard written English. In English history, the V-to-I grammar declined owing to the introduction of auxiliary do, the reanalysis of modal auxiliary, and the loss of verb-second system. As a result of Diachronic Reanalysis, modal auxiliaries and periphrastic do came to be base-generated at T like those of Modern English, though they originally moved to T. Although not was originally a VP-adverb, it was reanalyzed into a NEGP. So do was statistically most likely to occur in negative questions, then in affirmative questions, then in negative declaratives, and was least likely to occur in affirmative declaratives. The occurrence of full verb in questions and negative sentences was on the downgrade in inverse proportion to that of auxiliary do.

경주지역 여고생의 초경과 체성장간의 관계

김준섭,권오구,박진석,오종수,박정현,박제식,안세한,이용환,서정호,신태섭,최영배,김덕수,이관,박수경 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경주지역 1개 고등학교 3학년 여고생을 대상으로 초경 시작 전인 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레 수치와 초경 연령을 파악하여 여성의 초경이 빠를수록 체성장 속도의 변화가 있을 것이라는 가설을 기초로 두 요인간의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 경주시 1개 여자고등학교 3학년생 총 317명에 대해 ㅊ경 나이, 초경시 심리 상태, 초경이 시작되었을 때의 상담 여부와 상담하였던 사람, 부모 신장과 초경전후의 식사 규칙성, 다이어트 경험, 수면시간, 스트레스, 음주/흡연 여부, 질병력 등에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레에 대한 정보는 건강기록부에서 확보하였다. 상기 대상자 중 건강기록부가 분실된 39명, 초경나이에 대해 응답하지 않았던 29명 및 결석 등으로 조사를 하지 못하였던 42명을 제외한 조사 대상자는 206명으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 초경연령 평균값(Mean±SD)은 13.0±1.11이었고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 초경 이후 신장 성장률은 감소하였으며, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교 때는 신장에 있어서 우위를 차지하나 고등학교에 오면서 신장은 비슷한 수준이 되었다. 초경후 1-2년 사이에 체중과 흉위의 증가율은 감소하였고, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교와 고등학교 사이에 체중과 흉위에서 모두 우위를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 흔히 이차 성징의 시작 시점 혹은 사춘기의 시작 시점으로 보고있는 초경 연령이 청소년기의 성장과 밀접한 관련성이 있고, 특히 체중과 흉위의 성장 속도와 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사한다. To understand the onset of menarche in relation to changes in physical growth that take place during female adolescence, especially the changes in height and weight velocity. The 207 senior in one women high school of Kyongju were investigated in April 3 to 8, 2001. We collected the information, relation in the age at menarche, height & weight of parents, regularity of eating, and obesity diet, duration of sleeping, sickness & stress near age at menarche, by self-recording. The status of height, weight & chest circumference between the 4th grade of primary school and the junior of high school was collected by individual Health Record. The results were followed; The average age at menarche was 12.95±1.11 years old and the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. After menarche, the velocity of height, weight and chest circumference were decreased. The most rapid group of menarche hold dominant position in height during elementary school. As time passed, they dont hold dominant position in height. The most rapid group of menarche get an advantage in the weight and the girth of chest after elementary school. The height of subjects is directly proportional to the height of their parents. These results suggest that the starting age at menestuation can be closely associated with physical growth and development.

효모 세포벽 분해효소 생산균의 탐색 및 효소생산 최적조건의 조사

차성관,최혜숙,김왕준,윤석후,김영배 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

담자효모 세포벽을 분해하는 효소 생산균의 탐색을 위하여 50여 토양시료와 방선균 1000여개의 미생물을 가지고 3차에 걸친 탐색작업을 실시한 결과 1차적으로 autolysed washed yeast 배지 위에서 투명한 생성크기로 493개 균주를 선발하였으며, 이 균주들을 2차적으로 생효모 한천배지 위에서의 투명한 생성 크기로 117개 균주를 선발 하였다. 선발된 균주들을 가지고 용해활성도의 측정방법을 이용하여 최종적으로 St-1702 균주가 선발되었고, St-1702 균주는 동정 실험결과 잠정적으로 Streptomyces eurythermus 또는 그 유연균으로 동정되어졌다. St-1702 균주를 이용하여 효소생산 최적조건을 조사한 결과 최적배지 및 배양조건은 다음과 같았다 : freeze dried yeast 2% glucose 1%, K_2HPO_4 1%, MgSO_4·7H_2O, 1% peptone 0.5% (NH_4)_2CO_3 0.2% 초기 pH 값 7.0의 배지 및 30℃에서 3일간 배양. 최적배지에서 선발균주를 배양한 배양액을 이용하여 담자효모들의 원형질체 형성 실험을 한 결과 시중에서 구입된 효모 세포벽 분해 효소들보다 더 높은 원형질체 형성률을 보여 주었다. Thousand actinomycetes and 50 soil samples were used for the isolation of microorganisms producing yeast cell wall lytic enzymes. Among 493 strains producing large clear zones on autolysed washed yeast (AWY), 117 strains were selected on living yeast cell agar plates. With the method of lytic activity, one strain (St-1702) was selected, which was temporarily identified as Streptomyces eurythermus. The optimal condition for enzyme production of this strain was partially determined as follows: incubation of the strain for 3 days at 30℃ in the medium containing 2% freeze dried yeast cell, 1% glucose, 1% K_2HPO_4, 0.01% MgSO_4·^7H_2O, 0.5% peptone, and 0.2% (NH_4)_2CO_3 with pH 7.0. The protoplast formation of yeast by using the enzyme produced by this strain was compared with commercial enzymes.