녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

초경 드릴의 절삭 성능에 관한 실험적 평가 연구

장성규,변상기,이승수,김현수,전언찬 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Among the cutting process, recently hole processing in one of extensive using. This study, we made use of the 3 point edge drill. Regarding the cutting efficiency, we investigated the shape of cutting hole and studied cutting hole, a slope of center shaft, roundness and surface roughness. By using carbide 3 point cutting edge, compare with 2 cutting edge, it is possible that high precision drill processing and near the hole, at extremely limited area, quantity of magnification is a little big. After 15m cutting distance, a gradient of center shaft values was fixed 22㎛. It is necessary that a sufficient consideration concerned with jig intensity of workpiece, cutting conditions etc.

디지털 설계를 위한 작은 크기와 4bit(LSB) 오차를 가진 10비트 감마(γ)시스템 설계

장원우,김현식,이성목,김인규,강봉순 東亞大學校附設 淸報技術硏究所 2006 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.13 No.2

이 논문에서, 제시된 감마(r)라인 시스템은 해당 공식에 의해 만들어진 비선형 감마 곡선과 하드웨어로 구현된 결과 사이의 오차를 최소화하기 위해 만들어 졌다. 제시된 알고리즘과 시스템은 특정 감마값이 2.2, 즉 {0,1}^(2.2)에 의해 생성되는 공식과 입, 출력 데이터 크기가 10bit를 기반으로 한다. 오차를 최소화하기 위해, 시스템은 데이터 점들 사이를 지나 적합한 다항식을 만드는 수치해석 방법, 최소 자승 다항식을 사용하였다. 제한된 감마 라인은, 정밀도를 높이기 위해, 서로 각각의 중첩된 범위를 가지는 2차 다항식 9개로 구성되어 있다. MATLAB^(TM)7.0으로 검증된 알고리즘을 바탕으로, 제한된 시스템은 Verilog-HDL으로 구현되었다. 시스템은 2 클럭 지연을 가지며 1 클럭마다 결과가 생성된다. 오차 범위 (LSB)는 -4에서 +3이다. 표준편차는 1.287956238을 가진다. 시스템의 전체 게이트 값은 2,083이며, 최대 타이밍은 15.56[ns] 이다.

비소세포 폐암 환자의 이차 치료로서 Gemcitabine과 Vinorelbine 혼합 요법의 효과

장필순,강현모,이정은,권선중,안진영,이연선,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2006 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.

Background : Both gemcitabine and vinorelbine are effective anticancer drugs with mild toxicity on non-small cell lung cancer, and monotherapy of these drugs are effective as a second-line chemotherapy. The aim of this trial was to assess the response and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients of previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods : 24 patients, initial stage III A/B,IV and previously treated with platinium and taxane based regimens, were enrolled from June 2000 to March 2004. The regimens consisted of vinorelbine 25mg/㎡ followed by an infusion of gemcitabine 1000mg/㎡ on day 1 and day 8 every three weeks. This course was repeated more than twice. Results : Twenty-four patients were analyzed for the response, survival rate, and toxicities. The overall response was 17% with a complete remission rate of 4%. The median time-to progression (TTP) was 3.1 months (95%, CI l-10months), and the survival time was 8.2 months (95%, CI 1-23 months). The grade 3/4 toxicities encountered were neutropenia (12.5%), anemia (0%), thrombocytopenia (0%). Non-hematological 3/4 toxicities were not observed. Conclusion : A combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer provides a relatively good response rate, and a low toxicity profile. However, further study will be needed to confirm its effectiveness. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2005; 58: 344-351) 배경 : Gemcitabine, paditaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, ir-rinotecan 새로운 항종양제의 출현으로 일차 치료의효과가 증대 되고 있고 재발시에도 좋은 신체 활동도를 보이고 있어서 이차 치료의 대상군도 늘어나는 효과를 보이고 있다. 치료의 필요성은 증대 되고 있지만 현재까지 표준 치료가 확립되지 않은 상황에서 Gem-citabine과Vinorelbine모두 독성이 강하지 않아서 혼합 요법이 가능한 장점이 있고 비소세포 폐암에 대한효과도 입증이 되어있어서 본 연구는 반응이 없거나 반응을 보인후에 재발된 진행된 비소세포 폐암에 ge-mdtabine과 vinorelbine 흔합 요법을 시행하여서 치료 반응률과 생존율 그리고 부작용을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 :2000년 6월부터 2004년 3월까지 충남대학교병원에내원하여 진행성 비소세포 폐암 IIIA/IIIB, IV로 진단을 받고 일차 항암화학요법치료를 받은 환자중에 초기 치료에 반응이 없거나, 치료에 반응이 있었으나 병이 진행된 환자로 추적 관찰 기간이 6개월 이상인 환자를 대상으로 생존율과 반응률 그리고 독성을 분석하였다. 결과 : 총 치료 반응률은 17%. 반응 유지기간의 중앙값은 3.1개월(1-10개월)이었고 생존기간의 중앙값은 8.2개월 (1-23개월) 그리고 1년 생존율은 35%였다. 항암화학요법에 의한 독성은 3도 이상의 중성구 감소가 12%, 오심과 구토가 12.5% 였다. 결론 : 일차 치료에 반응이 없거나 재발한 비소세포 폐암환자의 이차 치료로 gemcitabine과 vinorelbine 혼합요법은 효과적이라고 생각되며 향후 3상 연구를 통한다른 약제와의 비교 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

귄터 그라스의 『양철북』에 나타난 색채상징

장성현 한국뷔히너학회 2004 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.22 No.-

Die ErzWwelt der Blechfrommel( 1959) ist von einer ungewohnlichen Farbenpracht gepragt. Oskar Matzerath, der nahezu farbbesessene Erz8hler und Protagonist, hort nicht auf, die Dinge als Farben zu benennen. Unter den zahlreichen Farben, die im Roman genannt werden, werden in dieser Studie drei niiher betrachtet: WeiD, Rot und Schwarz. Diese drei Farben wurden auf Grund ihrer Symboltrachtigkeit ausgewahlt. Das WeiR, das Oskar seit seiner Kindheit fasziniert, symbolisiert in erster Linie die Unschuld und die Gluckseligkeit, die nach Oskars Ansicht nur einem Embryo eigen sein konnen. Oskar fihlt sich wohl in Gegenwart von WeiR. Oskars Begeisterung fir Krankenschwestern beruht beispielsweise ausschlieBlich auf der Farbe ihrer Berufskleidung. Als stationarer Patient in einer psychiatrischen Klinik ist Oskar mit seinem ganzlich weiR ausgestatteten Krankenzimmer IiuBerst zufrieden. Dieses Zimmer ist f i r ihn ein zweiter Uterus, in dem sein Wunsch nach dem embryonalen Dasein gleichsam erfiillt wird. Das WeiB hat aber auch seine Schattenseite: Es reprhentiert nicht nur die schuldlose Gliicklichkeit, sondern auch den Tod. Als Oskars Mutter stirbt und in einer weiaen Leichenausstattung beigesetzt wird, wird der weiRe Lack von Oskars Trommel weifler als zuvor. Die Zweideutig-keit der Farbe WeiB erklart sich daraus, dass der Riickweg in die embryonale Kopflage , die fir Oskar den optimalen Zustand der Seligkeit und Unschuld bedeutet, fir die bereits Geborenen nur durch den Tod mijglich ware. Dem WeiR steht die Farbe Rot gegeniiber, die auf die Siindhaftigkeit und Verflihrbarkeit des Menschen anspielt. DaR das Rot im Roman haufig ins WeiR verlauft, zeigt, wie schwer es ist, in der menschlichen Welt unschuldig und gliicklich zu bleiben. Die Farbenkombination WeiR-Rot kennzeichnet vor allem Oskars Blechtrommel mit den rotlackierten Flammen auf ihrer weiaen Einfassung. Rote Flammen repfasentieren sowohl die Siinde, die Oskar selbst begeht, - er trommelt seine Mutter, seine beiden mutmaRlichen Vater und seine Geliebte Roswitha ins Grab - wie auch die Erbsiinde Oskars, namlich die Brandstiftung seines GroRvaters. Schwarz steht in diesem Roman flir Angst und Schrecken der menschlichen Existenz. Die Farbe Schwatz ist eng mit der Figur der Schwarzen Kijchin verbunden, die fiir Oskar allmghlich zum Sinnbild all seiner existentiellen Angst wird. Die Schwarze Kijchin erobert Oskars Bewusstsein in immer grMerem AusmaB, so dass das Schwarz schliealich alle anderen Farben dominiert. Angesichts der Allgegenwart der SChwarzen Kijchin am Ende des Romans kijnnte man Die Blechtrornrnel einen schwarzen Roman taufen, wie Werner Frizen es tut. Die Vorherrschaft der Farbe Schwarz am Romanschluss deutet auf die pessimistische Geschichtsauffassung des Autors hin: Schwarz sieht Giinter Grass - wenigstens zur Entstehungszeit des Romans - fir die deutsche Zukunft.

토마스 만의 『기만당한 여인』에 그려진 자연의 양의성(兩義性) : 동성애의 정당화 Rechtfertigung der Homosexualita¨t

장성현 한국뷔히너학회 2003 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.20 No.-

Thomas Mann suchte seit jeher nach einer Logik, welche die Homosexualita¨t, sein wichtiges, perso¨nliches Anliegen, fu¨r 'normal' und 'natu¨rlich' ha¨tte erkla¨ren ko¨nnen. So wurde z. B. die von Goethe gea¨uBerte idee, dass clas Pha¨nomen der Homosexualita¨t nicht 'auBer', sondern durchaus 'in' der Natur sei, von 'thomas Mann schon im Vortrag "Von Deutscher Republik"(1922) zustimmend zitiert. Diese Idee wurde im letzten abgeschlossenen Werk Thomas Manns, der Novelle Die Betrogene (1953), literarisch thematisiert. Die 'Zweideutigkeit der Natur', die von der Forschung als das Hauptomotiv und -thema der Novelle erkannt wurde, dient dazu, die Homosexualita¨t als etwas dem Wesen der Natur Entsprechendes zu rechifertigen. Rosalie von Tu¨mmler, die Heldin der Novelle, ist zwar eine Frau, aber ihre Leidenschaft fu¨r den 26 Jahre ju¨ngeren Ken Keaton zeigt viele Merkmale, die Thomas Mann in seinem Essay "U¨ber die Ehe"(1925) als Kennzeichen der homosexuellen Liebe angefu¨hrt hatte: Rosalies Liebe zu Ken ist na¨mlich 'unfruchtbar' (da Rosalie sich bereits in den Wechseljahren befindet), 'moralisch verwerflich' und 'gesellschaftsunfa¨hig'(wegen des groBen Altersunterschiedes Zwischen den Liebenden), 'nicht familienbildend'(da Rosalie eine Heirat mit Ken njemals in Betracht zieht) und somit 'freje' Liebe im Sinne des erotischen 'L'art pour l'art'. AuBerdem u¨bemimmt Rosalie die traditionelle Ma¨nnerrolle, indem sie, "im grauen Haar", mit einem viel Ju¨ngeren lieba¨ugelt und auf eigene Hand Anna¨herungsversuche macht. Kurzum, vieles spricht dafu¨r, dass Rosalie eine literarische Projektionsfigur Thomas Manns und ihre Liebe zu Kn eine verkappt homosexuelle Liebe ist. Die 'Zweideutigkeit der Natur' klingt in manchen Episoden an, wie etwa in dem Unratha¨ufchen, dessen Ausdu¨nstung nach Moschus riecht, oder in der a¨uBeren A¨hnlichkeit zwischen Krokus und herbstzeitloser, und gipfelt in Rosalies Scheinmenstruation. Rosalie,"eine groBe Naturfreundin", glaubt sofort an eine durch ihre Liebe herbeigefu¨hrte physische Verju¨ngung und lobt "die Wundermacht der groBen und guten Natur". Bald stellt sich doch heraus, dass die Blutung ein Symptom des hoffnungslos fortgeschrittenen Geba¨rmutterkrebses war. Durch die Darstellung der Zweideutigkeit der Natur zeigt der Autor auf die Hinfa¨lligkeit der herko¨mmlichen Naturgesetze und die Verschwommenheit ihrer Grenzen hin. In unseream-und des Autors-Zusammenhang heiBt es wiederum, dass die Heterosexualita¨t keineswegs die allein gu¨ltige Sexualita¨tsregel der Natur sei, und dass die betru¨gerisch-zweideutige Natur auch das sexuelle AuBenseitertum, d. h. die Homosexualita¨t, in sich einschlieBe.

회상과 고별의 "백조의 노래" : 토마스 만의 『기만당한 여인』의 간(間)텍스트성(상) Zur Intertextualitat der Novelle Die Betrogene (Teil 1)

장성현 한국독일어문학회 2003 독일어문학 Vol.22 No.-

In der Thomas-Mann-Forschung gilt es als hochstwahrscheinlich, dass Mann die Novelle Die Betrogene (1953), sein letztes vollendetes Werk, bewusst an das Ende seines Schaffens stellte. Sicher war Thomas Mann mit 76 Jahren alt genug, um an einen 'Schwanengesang' zu denken, als er im Mai 1952 den Felix Krull, der sich als nicht abschließbar erwiesen hatte, nochmals unterbrach, um Die Betrogene zu schreiben. Was Thomas Mann, der bereits sechs Jahre vorher eine schwere Lungenkrebsoperation vorzuglich uberstanden hatte, aufs Neue mit seiner Sterblichkeit konfrontierte, waren jedoch nicht irgendwelche Altersbeschwerden. Es war vielmehr die antikommunistische Hysterie eines Nachkriegs-Amerikas, die den 'Sozialdemokraten' Thomas Mann nervlich so sehr belastete, dass er oft wunschte, zu "sterben und (zu) ruhen". Seine Tagebucheintragungen und Briefe aus dieser Zeit zeigen, wie sehr er unter der Hexenjagd-Atmosphare der McCarthy-Ara litt, deren Opfer er hauptsachlich durch seine politische Naivitat geworden war. "And my ending is despair", Prosperos letzte Worte in Shakespeares Drama The Tempest, wurden von da an von Thomas Mann immer haufiger zitiert. In diesem Zustand tiefer seelischer Leiden fasste er den Entschluss, in eine "zweite Emigration" in die Schweiz zu gehen, "nicht um dort zu leben, sondern um dort zu sterben", wie er in seinem Tagebuch gesteht. Thomas Manns Ruckubersiedlung nach Europa fand Ende Juni 1952, wahrend der Niederschrift der Betro-genen, statt. Die Thomas-Mann-Forschung begrundet ihre Annahme, dass die Novelle Die Betrogene als ein 'Schwanengesang' gedacht war, mit dem Hinweis auf die Lebensumstande Thomas Manns zur Entstehungszeit sowie mit seiner Bemerkung zur Aufnahme der Betrogenen zu Lasten der Krull-Arbeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht,―die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse erganzend―'textimmanente' Anhaltspunkte fur den Endpunktcharakter der Novelle herauszuarbeiten. Der Schlusswerkcharakter der Novelle zeigt sich meiner Meinung nach vor allem in ihrer ausgepragten Intertextualitat innerhalb des Mannschen Gesamtwerks, die uber die ublichen motivischen Leitfaden im Werke Manns weit hinausgeht. Die Betrogene ist voller liebevoller Erinnerungen an fruhere Werke des Autors. Man konnte sich das Ende einer typischen Theatervorstellung vorstellen: Alle Schauspieler, die beim Stuck dabei gewesen waren, kommen noch einmal auf die Buhne, um sich beim Publikum zu bedanken und um Abschied zu nehmen. Ahnlich lasst Thomas Mann manche seiner fruheren Schriften, die die Buhne seines Dichtertums geschaffen haben, in seinem letzten Werk noch einmal 'auftreten'. So enthalt Die Betrogene zahlreiche, fur treue Leser Thomas Manns teilweise nur locker chiffrierte Anspielungen auf die literarische Vergangenheit des Autors. Aus Umfangsgrunden hat diese Arbeit in zwei Teilen erscheinen mussen. Der vorliegende Teil reprasentiert die erste Halfte der Arbeit.

Ni을 含有하는 Hadfiel 鋼의 炭化物 析出에 관하여(Ⅱ) : 微量에 依한 炭化物 析出

成章鉉,孟允在,金文一 연세대학 산업기술연구소 1977 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

0.15% V was added to the modified Hadfield steel containing 3.2% Ni and after solution treatment, the steel was isothermally heated in the range 300℃ to 980℃. The precipitation of carbide and pearlitic constituent were tudied by means of microscopys and hardness test. The results obtained were as follows. (1) Carbide is more rapidly precipitated in the range of 600-800℃ and formed in the range of 350-910℃ with increasing heating time. (2) The precipitation of P.C. is more rapid at 700℃ and occurs in the range of 500-700℃ with increasing heating time. (3) The higher the heating temperature is the shorter the length of the acicular carbides becomes. (4) lncreased hardness is mainly caused by acicular carbide. The shape and the distribution of precipitates also bring about the hardness change.