Carbon reduction and planning strategies for urban parks in Seoul

Jo, Hyun-Kil,Kim, Jin-Young,Park, Hye-Mi Elsevier 2019 Urban forestry & urban greening Vol.41 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study quantified carbon storage and uptake for urban parks in Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea. A total of 38 study parks were selected using a systematic random sampling method and all the trees in the parks were field-inventoried. Carbon storage and uptake by the park trees were estimated applying a quantitative model for urban open-grown trees of each species. Mean carbon storage per unit of park area, basal area, and crown cover by the trees was 38.5 ± 3.0 t/ha, 27.3 ± 0.8 kg/100 cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and 7.4 ± 0.4 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Annual carbon uptake per unit area and cover by the trees averaged 3.5 ± 0.2 t/ha/yr, 2.5 ± 0.1 kg/100 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/yr, and 0.7 ± 0.0 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>/yr, respectively. The major determinants of the levels of carbon storage and uptake were species, density, sizes, and layering structures of the planted trees. The trees across all urban parks in Seoul were estimated to store 222.3 kt of carbon and to annually sequester 20.2 kt of carbon. The trees in these parks played an important role in annually offsetting carbon emissions from gasoline consumption by approximately 2.3% of the total population of the city. The economic value of the annual carbon uptake, which was $7.1million/yr, equaled 15.1% of the annual maintenance budget of the parks in the city. However, the role of study parks as a source of carbon uptake was limited due to the distribution of large grass and impervious areas, the single-layered structures, and the dominance of small trees. Planning strategies were explored to enhance carbon reduction effects of the parks. They included the expansion of tree planting spaces through the minimization of unnecessary grass and paving areas, the active tree planting in the potential planting spaces, the multi-layered planting grouped with larger trees, and the planting of tree species having satisfactory growth rates. This study puts an emphasis on finding out the present carbon offset levels of urban parks on which information is limited and suggesting a future direction of park planning based on a detailed actual survey.</P>

Development of a noninvasive KIM-1-based live-imaging technique in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model

Tae-Jun Kwon,Da-Sol Lee,Md. Enamul Haque,Rang-Woon Park,Byungheon Lee,Dongkyu Kim,Yong-Hyun Jeon,Kil-Soo Kim,Sang Kyoon Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

The development of reliable methods to diagnose acute kidney injury is essential to allow the adoption of early therapeutic interventions and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the fact that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression levels in kidneys are markedly upregulated early after a damage event, here we developed a noninvasive KIM- 1-based molecular imaging technique to detect kidney injury. First, we took advantage of a phage-display platform to select small peptides demonstrating a specific high binding affinity to KIM-1. The promising candidate was conjugated with fluorescent probes, and its imaging potential was validated in vitro and in vivo. This peptide, with the sequence CNRRRA, not only showed a high imaging potential in vitro, allowing a strong detection of KIM-1 expressing cells by microscopy and flow cytometry but also generated a strong kidney-specific signal in live-imaging in vivo experiments in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model. Our data overall suggest that the CNRRRA peptide is a promising probe to use in the context of in vivo imaging for the detection of KIM-1 overexpression in damaged kidneys.

韓國産 野生草花에 관한 硏究 : 동의나물, 모데미풀, 피나물을 中心으로 With special reference to Caltha plaustris var. membrancea, Megaleran-this saniculifolia, Hylomecon vernale

申永澈,金在佶,李東珍,朴永達 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate user's recreation experience satisfication and user's evaluation of forest landscape in Uam natural park. Another purpose of this study is to suggest directions for enhancing forest scenic beauty for every seasons. The data were collected by self- administered questionnaires from 182 users is SAM- IL park where main entrance of the Uam park. This study primarily consists of two phases : 1. The presentation of users' characterics. 2. The analysis of forest landscape in natural park. The majority of the respondents(68.3%) Prefered to reforestation. They also perceived that the scenic beauty of the park was satisfactiory. There were differences in users' satisfaction levels of scenic beauty for the park due to their socio-economic background.

대전시 도시숲의 식생 및 토양특성에 관한 연구

김동일 ( Dong Il Kim ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김길남 ( Gil Nam Kim ),김현숙 ( Hyoun Sook Kim ),이항구 ( Hang Goo Lee ),박범환 ( Beom Hwan Park ),이상진 ( Sang Jin Lee ),강길남 ( Kil Nam Kang ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was conducted to suggest appropriate methods for management of urban forest after investigating the present condition and problems of urban forests by analyzing vegetation and soil properties in urban forests in the Daejeon. On the basis of our research, Pinus rigida dominate Gyejoksan and Bomunsan. Pinus densiflora dominate Wolpyeong park and Quercus acutissima dominate Namsun park. On the basis of our result of analysis of soil chemical properties, all investigated areas have low pHs, available phosphates and exchangeable cations. They indicate that the soil of those areas have been acidifying progressively. Soil hardness measurements were conducted to know the conditions of trampled soils and the results of them show that soil hardness in Namsun park was higher than the others. This indicates that human interference affect the health of the urban forest.

학생청소년의 불안성향과 문제행동 유형간의 상관분석

김헌수,이재우,나철,김영돈,김민호,김은희,권지란,박광식,이길홍,민병근 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1987 中央醫大誌 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between their problem behavioral pattern and anxious trends among Korean student adolescent. Zung's measurement of anxiety level undergone through used of the self-rating anxiety scale. the data were collected through the questionaire survey which was conducted on Dec.1, 1983. Subjects served for this atudy consisted of 1,404 syudents in Korea, randomly sampled from Korean student population by means of census method. The data were analysed by CDC-174 computer of KAIST, using SPSS pogram. Statistical methods empoyed were χ^2 test and Eta measures. the results of this study were as follows. 1. It showed that students psychological anxious trends had greatest significant correlation with adolescent student's problem brhavioral pattern, but the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestional and genitourinary anxious trends has not significantly related with student's problem behavioral pattern. 2. Students group with undersocialized aggressive, undersocialized nonaggressive,undersocialized school-norm avoidant, or socialized nonaggressive behavioral patterns were less anxious, whereas those with socialized latent aggressive, socialized sexual, or socialized modellong behavioral patterns were higher anxious.

間歇的 運動에 의한 脫水 및 水分攝取의 生理的 效果

朴哲浩,朴吉俊,李相于,金永明,朴贊熙,玄松子,呂南會,朴相甲,金榮俊 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1989 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This study aims at revealing the physiological responses of dehydration (DH) and rehydration (RH) in intermittent exercises at the work intensity of 70% HR max. First, with general student public, three times of exercise (each for 20 minutes) at the given work intensity were taken, with a break for 25 minutes respectively. Their heart rate, rectal temperature and plasma electrolyte concentration both DH and RH were measured. Second, in two groups of athletes and non-athletes, 9 rounds of exercise (for 100 minutes) and 8 breaks (for 60 minutes) were taken, with RH forced 10 times to compensate for the subjects' water loss. Their change in sweat loss and plasma electrolyte concentration as well as the IVDP(Intensive Voluntary dehydration Phenomenon) were experimented. The summary of this research follows. 1) Mean heart rate and rectal temperature in intermittent exercises were higher at DH than at RH, growing up at the increasing level of DH. 2) RH saw no change in the plasma concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-, while DH observed a significant increase. 3) HCO₃made a significant decrease at DH before growing up. 4) Mg++ had no change, while Ca++ increased significantly at RH and DH. 5) Lactate showed an increase with significance at RH and DH, especially greater at DH. 6) Osmotic pressure increased meaningfully at DH. 7) Anion gap increased significantly at DH and RH. 8) On the other hand, when the forced RH was held, the group of athletes had greater sweat loss per body surface area than that of non-athletes. 9) The athletes' plasma concentration of Na+ and Cl- revealed a clear decrease. 10) There was seen no significant change in the plasma concentration of K+, Mg++ and Ca++ in both groups. 11) The IVDP occurred at the RH of 2.3ℓfor athletes and more than 2.5ℓfor no-athletes.

Mirizzi 증후군의 변형된 분류와 치료

김형철,강길호,채만규,김성용,백무준,이문수,박상흠,이문호,김창호,송옥평,조무식,박희주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The Mirizzi syndrome is relatively rare and preoperative diagnosis of this disease is difficult. In 1978, Morelli suggested the subclassification of the Mirizzi syndrome into acute or chronic form. We experienced 5 cases of acute form. We analysed clinical features, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings of 18 cases including acute forms which were diagnosed as Mirizzi syndrome and should suggest the modified classification of Mirizzi syndrome for choice of appropriate treatment. Method : From January 1995 to December 1998, 18 cases, of which 8 cases were diagnosed at Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, and 10 cases were reported in the Korean Journal were retrospectively analysed with regard to clinical features, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings. According to the clinical features, whole cases were divided into type Ⅰ(acute form) and type Ⅱ(chronic form) and then each type of cases were subclassified according to preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings. Results : Of 18 cases there were 5 cases in type Ⅰ(27.8%), 13 cases in type Ⅱ(72.2%). Type Ⅱb was most common. Type Ⅰa cases were treated only with cholecystectomy. We applied cholecystectomy, T-tube choledochostomy and patch technique in type Ⅰb and thpe Ⅰc cases. Cholectystectomies including removal of gallstones and internal drainage procedures were done in type Ⅱ chronic forms. Conclusion : The acute form(Type Ⅰ) of Mirizzi syndrome was suggested by Morelli might be subclassified into typeⅠa,Ⅰb and Ⅰc following the presence of the necrotic defect in common hepatic duct. Through the modified classification of Mirizzi syndrome based on clinical feature, preoperative radiologic findings and operative findings, we can choice appropriate treatment.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Auricularia spp.

Kun Hee Park,Kil-ja Kim,Kab Yeul Jang,Kimoon Park 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find out a food material having anti-obesity effect and suggest the effect of the material to people who are interested in anti-obesity. For this study, Auricularia (wood ear) has been used. It is world widely spread mushroom, especially in east north Asia countries. It is also called as wood ear in western countries because of its shape. The most considerable fact is that Auricularia is being used for popular food materials for cooking because of its good taste. Totally 11 strains of Auricularia were offered by Doctor Kim, Kil-ja in Jeollanam do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. There were 8 strains of Auricula-polytricha, and 3 strains of Auricula-judae. Each Auricularia strains were extracted with 50% Ethanol for 12 hours in 40°C and then 11 strains were prepared for in vitro study. In vitro study focused on the inhibition effect on adipocyte differentiation of Auricularia spp. 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte cell) was used for identifying the inhibition effect on adipocyte differentiation. Before that, MTT assay was used for measurement of cell viability. The result is essential for fixing the treat concentration of the extracts. After adipocyte differentiation, cells were stained with Oil Red O solution to dye differentiated adipocyte cells. Spectrophotometer was used to quantify the adipocyte cells. There are few adipocyte differentiation markers. From the markers, this study selected four markers (PPAR γ, FABP4(ap2), CD36, C/EBPα) and used them to measure mRNA expression using real-time PCR and Western blot experiment. As a result, this study found out that all the extract of strains has inhibition effects on adipocyte differentiation, especially the adipocyte differentiation control probability of Auricula-polytricha strain 21001 was 24.6%. Auricula-judae strain 21002 (19.3%), Auricula-polytricha strain 249 (14.0%) followed. The result concerning the inhibition effect was identified through Western blot experiment as well. As a further study, in vivo study is on progressing. 56 ICR mice (6w, male) are being used for the animal study. It consists of 8 groups. One is control, another is positive control, the other groups are Auricula-polytricha strain 21001 treatment group. Different concentration of powder or extract of Auricularia is treated in each treatment group. We are anticipating that the result of this further study will be correspond to that of in vitro study.

PGE₁ 요로좌제의 제조 및 평가

박소민,김길수 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2003 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.13

PGE₁ is endogenious substance of potent vasodialator as well as inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It has been used therapeutically in peripheral arterial occlusive disease and impotence. Intracavernous for erectile dysfunction of diverse etiologies, but this mode of administration is limited by penile discomfort, pain ant the injection site, inconvenience and noncompliance. As the matter of worse, the β-hydroxy moiety of PGE₁ is extremely susceptible to dehydration in solution to give inactive PGA₁ and PGB₁. For the improvement of stability, rapid absorption at action site and the convenience of application, PGE₁ was formulated as urinary suppositories of three types of formulations, PEG, witepsol, and the mixture of PEG and witepsol. Withe the three types of formulations, the stability test of PGE₁ and the release test in urinary suppositories were performed. And the effect of enhancers and vehicle composition on the Penetration of PGE₁ through excised rat skin was evaluated by permeability coefficient and enhancement ratio.

식물체로부터 추출한 물질이 상추 종자의 발아 및 생장에 미치는 영향

박건남,이민경,황선주,김학윤,이인중,신동현,김길웅 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1999 慶北大農學誌 Vol.17 No.-

This study was conducted to detect the allelopathic effect of water and ethanol extracts from 4 plant species (Lactuca sativa L., Ambrosia elatior L., Oenothenra odorata Jasp., Ginkgo biloba L.) on germination and growth of lettuce seeds. A little bit higher inhibitory effect was obtained in ethanol extracts rather than water extracts. Allelopathic effects varied in the source of extracts and concentrations of 4 plant species and the highest allelopathic effect appeared in 10% solution, regardless of plant species.