조선시대 상주지방 루정의 조경공간에 관한 연구

박영달,한은하,김선화,신영철 한국조경학회 1995 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

This study investigated the landscape space of Chosun Dynasty pavilions in the Sang-ju Region. Five renowned pavilions were selected for study by Phenomenological and IDRISI (4.1) S/W. The results were as follows ; Pavilions were erected for studying cultivating moral sense admiring the view relieving illness and commemorat memoring people. A total of 248 pavilions were erected in the Sang-ju Region between 1392 and 1895 AD, most of them duing he golden age from 15001670 AD. Pavilions and open space were composed in harmony with nature borrowing natural landscape features. Landscape characteristics were analysised with IDRISI(4.1) S/W; pavilions were ma711y located at the bottom of a mountain with stream The Inner garden was formed by a fence and Lagerstroemia indica or a few trees. The Outer garden was formed by mixed stands of Pinus dentsiflora, Zelkowa serreta, Acer formosum and well conserved natural vegetation.

상주지방의 고주택 정원양식에 관한 연구

박영달,신영철 한국조경학회 1992 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

To investigate the traditiional gaden style of Sang ju Districts, 5 renown houses of noble family in Lee Dynasty were chosen to surey the environmental landscape and characteristics inner and outer space. 1. Traditional houses were located in natural environments based on topography(pung su-ji ri : forming philosophy of Taoism Buddbism and Korean native Sharmanism) which were reflected the 5 Elements of positive and Negative(Yin and Yang 5 Elements) 2. The formation of space is made of oblong by fence arrangement of dwelling housos has An Chae and Sa Rang Chae, and inner court of Anchae has style of oblong, and outer court of Sa Rang Chae has style of sililar oblong. Inner court is closed and outer is half opened. 3. Flow planning is straight and blique line because arrangement of dwelling houses is formed by theory of Dong-Suh Sa Taek(東西四宅), the flowing is complicated and connected from gate to room of An Chae. 4. Character of garden have simple neat whereas vegetable yard, green shade tree, and fruit trees have. Houses were built with their natural environments and streams in order to borrow landscaping in Sa Rang Chae. Specially they were not built pond. 5. Houses has one or two vegetable yard along inner and outer space and are seen as mixed planting more deciduous trees than evergreen trees.

식산 이만부(李萬敷)의 식산정사(息山精舍) 정원 특성

박영달,신영철 한국정원학회 2001 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This research dealt with Shik San Jung Sa in Sangju area, which was studied relatived literature and surveyed this area. This garden were built by Lee Man Bu (1664∼1732) in 1700 A.D and he had rationality-spirituality theory, Shilhak theory and rational theory, this garden were built by upper thoughts. Shik San Jung Sa were located on hillsides, the factors affecting view and outlook had flexibility of curved lines without direction in borrowing landscape. The building functioning showed irregular shapes and closed type, the shape of the path of flow showed simple feeling. The garden characteristics were arranged symmetrical, straight line, simple terrace style. The pond were rectangle, still water type, the flow of water were arranged underdrain style. The garden space were more planted deciduous trees of Sophora japonica than evergreen of Pinus densiflora, specially fruit trees of Prunns persica. The space had vegetable, fruit, medicine garden. Function of gardens were applied with space of living unit, lecture halls, plant production, Confucianism thoughts, speculation, ecology, modeling etc. The path of flow were applied with meeting, reading, view and outlook, fish farming, playing geomungo etc.

驛前廣場 計劃特性에 관한 연구

박영달,이동배 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

The purpose of this study is to develop a planning method of railway station plaza through investigation and analysis of exampled. The role of the railway station plaza as a connector between the railway station and the surrounding area is quite important, yet there are no clear standards on deciding size, facility locations, and the system of pedestrians circulation. the main purpose of the study being to investigate railway station plazas in Japan to provide fundamental information for future railway station plaza planning. we analyzed eight case of railway station plaza, JR Funabasi Station, Meitetsu toyota Station, Kurosaki Station, Fukusima Station, Hanamaki Station, Marugame Station, Toyohashi Station, Sapporo Station. As a result of analyzing Japanese cases, the process of space organization of the plaza is classified together with confirmation of the elements and system of pedestrian circulation that should be considered as main factors in the railway station planning.

舊都心活性化를 위한 驛勢圈整備方向에 관한 硏究

박영달,이동배 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to solve the problems of Dongincheon Station and the traditional market near the station in which inherent and trading functions have decreased due to an unsystematic reconstruction plan and remodeling projects that impede the revitalization of old downtown areas. By establishing revitalization plans in connection with Dongincheon Station, Jayu Market, and Joongang Market, and suggesting revitalization plans for traditional markets in consideration of the development plans of the surroundings to be made in the future, it aims at the revitalization of trading zones and old downtown areas in order to induce balanced development in Incheon City.

서원의 외부공간 특성 -상주지방의 사례연구-

박영달,신영철 한국조경학회 1999 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

The research deals with external space Seowon(lecture hall) dedicated to education and memorial rises in Sangju area of Choson Dynasty. Characteristics of Seowon as follow; 1. Seowon of Sangju area were built from the middle of 17C to the beginning of 18C. Ideological background of building functioning were grafted into the belief in the three God governing Childbirth, the theory of feng-shui(wind-and water-magic) which is in close connection with the principles of yin and yang, and confucianism and the philosophy of lao-tze and chung-tze. The formation of space were horizontally arrangement and vertical arrangement as the first-learning and then-ancestor shrine of Youngnam provinces. 2. Background and factors of site selection were applied geographical feature, tried to connect owner home town. 3. The shape of path of flow were simple of vertical and curved composition, were continued, were stabilized through composition of human scale's space by reasonable internal. A case of Sangju area, D/H ratio of the front area of buildings and courts was as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio ot the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata.construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

일반의약품의 전자상거래에 대한 약사의 인식도 고찰

박영달,방준석,민영실,손의동 한국임상약학회 2016 한국임상약학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objective: Online pharmacies were introduced in some countries such as United States of America or Canada. They can provide benefits to consumer because they can buy and take conveniently drugs without limitation of location or time. In Korea, online pharmacies are illegal and only pharmacists can sell drugs to consumers or patients. Therefore, we investigated the knowledge of online pharmacy and the possible problem in Korea to survey pharmacists. Methods: We developed questionnaire based on previous articles about online pharmacy and surveyed nation-wide pharmacists by mail or e-mail. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Microsoft Excel. P-values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. Results: 175 pharmacists involved in this study. About introduction of online pharmacies, 53.1% were opposition while 10.3% were approval and 36.6% were conditional. Although online pharmacies were introduced, 46.3% pharmacists do not have a plan to start online pharmacy. However, the approval and tends about starting online pharmacies were higher in younger pharmacists (20s, 30s) (p < 0.05). The criteria of permission about opening online pharmacies were 100% pharmacist license regardless of holding off-line pharmacy. 53.7% pharmacists responded education about taking medication is impossible. When online pharmacies are introduced, 65.1% pharmacists responded traditional pharmacies are affected negatively. Pharmacists concerned that the competition with large-sized distribution corporations, reduced reliance between pharmacists and patients, illegal transaction of counterfeit drugs, increased misuse of drugs. Conclusion: These results showed that Korea pharmacists have negative standard on online pharmacies. Therefore it is required to be more cautious before introducing online pharmacy and it need strict watching system and continuous education and study for safety after introducing online pharmacy.

청주향교의 외부공간에 관한 연구

박영달(Park Young Dal),신영철(Shin Young Chul) 한국전통조경학회 1998 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.16 No.4

N/A N/A

상주 동학교 교당조경의 공간 특성

박영달(Park Young Dal),신영철(Shin Young Chul) 한국전통조경학회 1999 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.17 No.3

N/A N/A

급성 심정지에 대한 External Cardiac Massage 의 9 례 보고

박정기,박영달 대한마취과학회 1969 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.2 No.1

Nine cases of cardiac arrest caused by various conditions and circumstances has been reported. 1. All of them were resuscitated by external cardiac massage but one of them had very poor physical; conditions because of delay in management. 4 cases made an uncomplicated recovery and 5 cases expired. 2. Acute and chronic hypoxia was suspected as the most commoncause of cardiac arrest in these cases. 3. Of the expired 5 cases, intravenous injection of potassium chloride was suspected as the cause in one case. Another one was due to spinal anesthesia. 4. External cardiac massage might be an excellent method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.