메이지신궁과 ‘화혼양재(和魂洋才)’

박규태(Park Kyu Tae) 원광대학교 종교문제연구소 2018 한국종교 Vol.43 No.-

일본 근대화를 성취한 메이지(明治)시대의 연호는 말할 것도 없이 메이지천황에서 비롯된 것이며, 이런 의미에서 메이지천황은 근대 일본을 대표하는 상징 중 하나라고 말할 수 있다. 마찬가지로 메이지천황과 쇼켄(昭憲)황태후를 제신으로 모신 메이지신궁(明治神宮)은 근대신도를 대표하는 상징적 공간이라 할 만하다. 근대신도의 두드러진 특징으로 특정 인간을 제신으로 모신 창건신사를 빼놓을 수 없는데, 메이지신궁은 그 중 천황을 제신으로 모신 창건신사의 ‘특별한’ 사례라 할 수 있다. 메이지신궁은 여타의 창건신사와는 달리 내원(內苑)과 외원(外苑)이라는 이원적 구조로 이루어져있기 때문이다. 1920년 현 도쿄 도심부인 시부야구 요요기(代々木)에 건립된 메이지신궁은 신사건축을 기조로 한 내원과 서양식 공원인 외원 및 양자를 연결하는 참배로(表参道)로 이루어진 종교=문화복합공간이다. 이 중 일명 ‘요요기의 숲(代々木の杜)’이라 불리는 70만 평방미터의 내원은 12만그루(365종)의 헌목으로 이루어진 인공림으로 통상 신도 진수숲(鎮守の森)의 이상형으로 말해지기도 한다. 한편 외원의 경우는 서양풍의 〈성덕기념회화관〉(聖德記念繪畵館)과 메이지천황의 장례식 터가 위치하고, 그 왼쪽에는 〈국립경기장〉(구메이지신궁 외원경기장)과 신궁구장(神宮球場)을 비롯한 각종 스포츠 시설들이 들어서 있으며, 오른쪽에는 메이지천황이 대일본제국헌법을 발포했던 〈메이지기념관〉(구 헌법기념관)이 배치되어 있다. 본고의 목적은 ‘토착적=일본적 근대화’라는 관점에서 일본 근대성의 한 상징인 메이지신궁의 이원적 공간구조와 구성원리에 내포된 함의 및 의의를 특히 ‘화혼양재’(和魂洋才)라는 모토와 결부시켜 규명하는 데에 있다. 이때 ‘토착적=화혼, 근대화=양재’라는 기본도식과 함께 양자의 상호 중충성 혹은 교차성에 주목할 것이다. During the Meiji Age Japanese modernization was accomplished, and in that sense the Emperor Meiji is one of the symbols that represents modern Japan. Similarly , the Meiji Shrine is a symbolic space that represents modern Shinto religion that enshrined as ritual gods the Emperor Meiji and the Empress Shoken. As one of the outstanding features of modern Shinto religion, the founding Shrine that enshrined as ritual gods specific human beings can not be left out. The Meiji Shrine was a special case of establishing a shrine that enshrined the Emperor as a ritual god. This is because the Meiji Shrine, different from other established shrines, was composed of a dual structure of Inner Park and Outer Park. In 1920, the Meiji Shrine was built at Yoyogi in Sibuya in the present downtown of Tokyo. It is a complex space of religion and culture that was constructed with a visiting road to connect both the Inner Park, based on Shrine buildings, and the Outer Park, a Westernized park. The Inner Park of 700,000 square meters, called the Forest of Yoyogi, is an artificial forest made up of 365 kinds of 120,000 donated trees, and it is said to be ordinarily an ideal Shintoist forest. On the other hand, in the Outer Park, the Western-styled Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery and the burial site Emperor Meiji are located, and on it’s left various sports facilities were built including the National Stadium (stadium at the outer park of former Meiji Shrine) and the Ball Park of Divine Shrine, while on the right the Meiji Commemoration Hall (former Constitution Commemoration Hall) was built where Emperor Meiji proclaimed the Constitution of the great Japanese Empire. The object of this paper is to investigate the meaning, contained in the principle of a dual space structure, of the constitution of the Meiji Shrine that is a symbol of Japanese modernity - especially in association with the dictum: ‘Japanese spirit combined with Western Learning’, from the standpoint of ‘indigenous, Japanese modernization.’ When conducting this investigation, based on the notion that ‘indigenous’ means the Japanese spirit, and ‘modernization’ means embracing Western Learning, the paper concentrates on the characteristics of mutual interfusion and exchanges between the two cultures of Japan and the West, the former representing indigenous being and the latter representing modernization.

LabVIEW를 이용한 유도전동기의 권선고장 자동진단

한동기(Dong-gi Han),송명현(Myung-hyun Song),박규남(Kyu-nam Park),이태훈(Tae-hun Lee) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.7

본 논문에서는 유도전동기의 고정자권선 고장진단을 목적으로 이상적인 전동기의 전류신호와 실시간으로 운전하고 있는 전동기 전류신호를 Park’s Vector에 각각 적용시켜 Park's Vector 패턴을 만들고 패턴 피크값의 기준치와 측정치의 편차를 이용하여 오차치를 벗어날 때 고장으로 진단하는 Park's Vector 패턴의 피크값을 이용한 고정자권선의 고장진단을 시도하였다. 숙달된 작업자가 Park’s Vector패턴을 보고 고장을 분석해야 했던 방법과는 달리 패턴을 비교하지 않고도 자동으로 고장을 진단하고 정보해주는 진단 방법을 제시하였다. 실제 전류분석 및 진단을 위해 상용 프로그램인 LabVIEW를 이용하였다.

Interleukin-2와 결핵균 30 kDa 항원이 구개편도 및 말초혈액 T 세포 증식에 미치는 상승효과

박정규,박찬권,조은경,김화중,백태현,고필준,김병국,남부현,나기상,박찬일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1

Widespread use of BCG has not controlled tuberculosis, and more effective vaccines are clearly needed. Although chemotherapy will remain the mainstay of antituberculosis treatment, the use of adjunctive immunotherapeutic modalitites is attractive, particularly in persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Administration of IL-2 or IFN-γto tuberculosis patients enhance bacillary elimination. Cell-mediated immunity is the critical protective immune response in tuberculosis. Mycobacterial antigens are recognized by T cells and that elicit production of protective cytokines are potentially important vaccine antigens. The 30 kDa antigen is secreted in large quantities by growing mycobacteria. That antigen elicits greater proliferation in lymphocytes from healthy tuberculin reactors than healthy tuberculin nonreactors. In this study, the T lymphocyte proliferative responses to 30 kDa antigen from Mycobactrium tuberculosis H37Rv were examined by using tonsilar and peripheral blood lymphocytes from PPD(+) and PPD(-) tonsilectomized persons. When cultured with 30 kD antigen, tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) demonstrated more ^3H-thymidine incorporation than PPD(-) persons (stimulation index was 2.5 and 1.9, 0.8 and 1.0, repectively). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peripheral blood T lymphocytes were shown the similar responses to this antigen. The combination of IL-2 and 30 kDa antigen elicited a significant proliferative responsiveness in tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) persons (SI was 20 and 14.1). PBMC and peripheral blood T cells of PPD(+) persons were also shown a significant responsiveness, but PPD(-) persons did not show. These results demonstrate that the 30 kDa antigen and IL-2 have a synergistic stimulatory property in mycobacteria sensitizing lymphocytes.

한국 신종교의 이상적 인간상 : 조화의 이상과 관련하여

박규태 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2001 종교와 문화 Vol.0 No.7

충남지역의 도시(대전시) 나관리 개선에 관한 연구

박필규,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was designed to find out the status of leprosy patients and to improve patient's socioeconomic problems in urban area of Chungnam province. The author conducted the survey from January 1984 to December 1984 and from July 1985 to August 1985. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the distribution of age, leprosy patients in Taejeon city were distributed age 40 to 60 (55.1%). 2. In the occupational and educational distribution of leprosy patients, there were no marked differences in the status of healthy men. 3. Living condition of leprosy patients in Taejeon city was the middle class and all of leprosy patients in Aekyungwon was required relief. 4. Factors of nonattendance for treatment among leprosy patients were nearly maintenance of secret and disease denial. 5. In the diseases on dental region among leprosy patients and their family, there were no marked differences in the status of healthy men.

Linear Poly(ethyleneimine)을 포함하는 루테늄 착물의 합성과 성질

박명규,한정호,조태섭 嶺南大學校基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

Many researchers have interested ruthenium complexes due to their similarity and difference in chemical properties. In this study, [Ru(phen)_2LPEI]^2+ complex was synthesized by the reaction of [Ru(phen)_2Cl_2] with polymeric amine ligands, namely, linear poly(ethyleneimine)(LPEI). [Ru(phen)_2LPEI]^2+ complexes were analyzed by NMR, UV/VIS, and MS spectrometry. as well as Elemental analysis. From NMR analysis, [Ru(phen)_2LPEI]^2+ complexes were confirmed by comparison of [Ru(phen)_2Cl_2] with LPEI complexes. Coordination of LPEI ligands to [Ru(phen)_2Cl_2] showed absorption at 480㎚, whereas [Ru(phen)_2Cl_2] complex alone has a peak at 370㎚. Mass of LPEI complexes was analyzed 1638 and 1898 dalton, [Ru(phen)_2LPEI]^2+ complex form MS spectrometry. The spectroscopic methods for the [Ru(phen)_2LPEI]^2+ complexes system revealed that two nitrogen donor atoms on the LPEI chain are coordinated to the [Ru(phen)_2Cl_2] complex.

Agrobacterium 이용한 형질전환 시 배추 풍종간 callus 발생율 및 식물체 재분화율 비교

박태성,정규환 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 2002 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.15 No.1

An effective condition for callus formation or shoot and root regeneration from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) 'Samjin' and 'Seoul' using a-NAA, 2,4-D and BAP during the Agrobacterium mediated transformation were investigated. The most suitable cotyledon and hypocotyl of Chinese cabbage for transformation were obtained 4 day after germination. Among various combinations of a-NAA, 2,4-D and BAP tested, the combination of 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1, 1 mg/L BAP showed the highest rate of callus formation. In the Agrobacterium mediated transformation experiment, however, the combination of 1 mg/L a-NAA and 4mg/L BAP showed more effective results on shoot and root regeneration. The callus formation rate from Chinese cabbage 'Seoul' showed 2.4∼10 times higher than Chinese cabbage 'Samjin'. The root and shoot induction rate from Chinese cabbage 'Seoul' also showed 6∼12 times higher than Chinese cabbage 'Samjin'.

일부 도시지역 노인들의 우울과 일상생활능력에 관련된 요인

박원규,이태용,정용준,오장균,이동배,조영채 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

This study was performed to provide the basic data and related factors available for the assessment of the degree of ADL and depression among older persons, manifesting their physical and psychological status. The subjects included the old people aged more than 65 years old who reside in urban areas. The interviews were delivered to 693 individuals in Taejon metropolitan city during the two-month period from June to July, 2000, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and IADL developed by Older American Resources and Services of Duke medical college, were employed for the assessment of depression and IADL, respectively. The collected data were statistically processed by SPSSWIN(ver 10.0) and led to the following results. The degree of depression among 635 subjects showed that 26.6% had mild depression, 8.2% moderate and 0.6% severe while 64.6% were normal. In terms of IADL, 6.9% had impossible IADL when not aided by others, 37.0% needed some help, 56.0% possible IADL, and the higher depression scores, the significantly higher IADL scores. Based on general characteristics, depression scores were significantly higher in the female group, the older, the lower educated, the ones without cohabitants, without a spouse, without making expenses of living on their own, and IADL scores were lower, meaning the lower capability for performing daily activities, in the male group, the older, the higher educated, the group without a spouse, without making expenses of living on their own. Based on daily activities and psychological characteristics, depression scores were higher in the group who don't go out, who don't have recreational or friendly gatherings, who aren't satisfied with the lives of the past or present, who have a sense of isolation, and who don't have the will to live, and IADL scores were lower in the group who don't go out, who don't have recreational or friendly gatherings, who aren't satisfied with the lives of the past or present, who have a sense of isolation. and who don't have the will to live. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the explanatory variable having effects on depression symptoms included, with the explanatory power of 57.5%, the confidence in life, the degree of education, the subjective index of health, the sense of isolation, the exercise, the degree of IADL, the gender, the level of satisfaction with life, whether they eat breakfast or not, the concern about life, the smoking, the going out, the presence of spouse or not. The explanatory variables having effects, with the explanatory power of 28.9%, on IADL scores included the degree of depression symptoms, the age, the presence of friends or not, the frequency of outgoing, the level of education, the degree of obesity, the confidence in life, the level of satisfaction with life, the drinking or not. The study results showed that the higher depression scores had a tendency to be associated with the decreased capabilities of performing daily activities, and that the factors related to depression and/or IADL, included the confidence in life, the level of education, and the level of satisfaction with life. However, the more detailed and decisive results on the factors related to depression and IADL of the older persons are considered to require continuing efforts and comparisons among a variety of the older population.

가변구조제어를 이용한 대체에너지용 인버터 시스템

朴勝圭,金兌燁,安鎬均 창원대학교 공작기계기술연구센터 1999 연구업적집 Vol.1 No.1

This paper proposes the instantaneous control method, structure and characteristics of inverter system for alternative energy. The variable structure control and adaptive parameter estimation is applied to this system. which realizes following function; ① the synchronization of phase, frequency and amplitude between inverter voltage and utility voltage at stand-alone mode ② the synchronization of phase between inverter current and utility voltage at utility voltage at utility interactive-mode. To reduce chattering problem of variable structure control smooth function is used. The result of simulation and experiment shows the effectiveness of proposed control scheme and equivalent circuit; the good performance, robustness of the proposed control structure. and the reduction of THD in the inverter output.

저식염 속성 멸치 발효액화물 가공에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 숙성 중 유리아미노산 변화 및 품질지표 Changes in Free Amino Acids during Fermentation and Quality Indices

박춘규,강태중,조규옥 한국식생활문화학회 2002 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

In order to establish the processing condition of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy (Engrulis japonica), effect of temperature on crude enzyme activity of anchovy viscera, pretreatment conditions, and the minimum content of adding NaCl were investigated. The minimum limitation of NaCl content for anchovy liquefaction was 10%. Sample A(water adding, heating, adding 10% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy adding 20% water and then heating for 9 hrs at 50℃ and then adding 10% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature(8-29℃) for 180 days. Sample B(water adding, heating, adding 13% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy adding 20% water and then heating for 9 his at 50℃ and then adding 13% Naa and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. Sample C(adding 13% NaCl): chopped whole anchovy and then adding 13% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. Sample D(adding 17% NaCl): whole anchovy adding 17% NaCl and then fermented at room temperature for 180 days. The content of free amino acids such as aspartic acid, serine and threonine fluctuated severely according to the pretreatment methods. Possibly they might be recommend quality indices of standardization for salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy. As for the relation between fermentation period(X) and individual free amino acid(Y), five kinds of free amino acids such as glutamic acid, valine, glycine, lysine, and alanine showed highly significant in their coefficient of determination in most of samples, They might be recommend as quality indices for salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy during fermentation. The difference of taste between products of the rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction and the traditional salt-fermented liquefaction were caused by their composition of the free amino acids ratios, in which were umami, sweet, and bitter taste in the extracts of anchovy during fermentation. The appropriate fermentation period of the sample A was shorten 30 days than the sample B and 60 days than the samples C and 90 days than the sample D in the processing of anchovy.