정상 한국인에서 연령증가에 따른 혈장 Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate ( DHEA-S ) 농도 및 DHEA - S / cortisol 비의 변화

박성우,유형준,임성희,최문기,유재명,박민숙,이권엽,박철수,김철홍,김현규,김두만,박규용 대한내분비학회 1997 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.12 No.2

Backgroud: DHEA-S is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulation, and primarily secreted from the adrenal cortex, but its physiological role is little known. One of the characteristic features of DHEA-S is progressive decrement of plasma DHEA-S level with advancing age, in contrast, plasma levels of other adrenal hormones are not chaging or littie decreasing. To grasp the trends of plasma DHEA-S level and DHEA-S/cortisol ratio by age in healthy Korean, we measured the plasma DHEA-S levels and DHEA-S/cortisol ratios in healthy Korean. Methods: Healthy Korean(men: 99, women: 102, age range: 15-97 year old)were studied. Subjects were not taking drugs(such as glucocorticoid or androgenic medication) or cigarettes known to modify the plasma level of DHEA-S and cortisol, and had no evidence of hepatic, renal disease or hyperlipidemia as determined by serum lipid, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine. Data were analyzed by 10-year age group for men and women: i.e, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40- 49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and 90 year or more. Plasma DHEA-S levels were measured by using a commercially available RIA kit with 125I labeled-DHEA-SO4(Coat-A Count DHEA-SO4), and for the measurement of plasma cortisol levels, commercial Gamma Coat TM[125I] Cortisol Radioimmunassay Kit was used. Results:. 1) In both men and women, plasma DHEA-S level showed high interindividual variation within the same age group. 2) There were individual sex differences in plasma levels of DHEA-S, in all age groups, plasma DHEA-S levels were significantly higher values for men than for women. 3) Maximum plasma DHEA-S levels(men; 237+-3.35 ug/dL, women; 108+-17.5 ug/dL) were at third decade in both men and women. 4) Both men and women showed the continuous decline in plasma DHEA-S level with age. These age-related decline was more prominent in men than in women(men; y= -3.152 * +292.6, r2= 0.8459, P$lt;0.05, women; y= -1.417 * +143.3, r2 = 0.7278, P$lt; 0.05). 5) As an index of aging, there was no stastical difference between DHEA-S and DHEA- S/cortisol ratio. Conclusion: In healthy Korean, there were high interindividual variation of plasrna DHEA-S levels. In both men and women plasma DHEA-S level was peak at third decade, and from when it declined progressively with age. These results suggest that although the reliability of single plasma DHEA-S measurement are limited, the decline of DHEA-S with advancing age might be a specific marker of endocrinologic hormonal milieu(aging index). Also, concerning to individual adrenal secreting capacity, we measured DHEA-S/cortisol ratio. But we did not found that plasma DHEA-S/cortisol ratio is superior to the plasma DHEA-S level as an aging index. (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 12:245-254, 1997)

Species Associations with Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica

Huh, Man-Kyu,Huh, Hong-Wook,Kim, Chang-Ho The Ecological Society of Korea 1999 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.22 No.6

The spatial distributions of allelic frequencies and ecological traits by randomization were studied in the natural population of two species (Pinus rigida and Pyrola japonica). Both species showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation as measured by Moran's I. In P. rigida, the genetic similarity was shown in individuals within up to a scale of 18 m distance and this is partly due to combination of pollen and seed dispersal by wind or men. In P. japonica, significant spatial autocorrelation was consisted of a scale of 8 m intervals. These population structure in the distribution of allelic frequencies is related to mating systems such as outcrossing and vegetative spread. The results also indicate that positive species associations between P. rigida and P. japonica can occur when both species select the same habitat or require the same environmental conditions.

R.W. Emerson의 散文에 나타난 Self-Reliance의 硏究

韓圭萬 울산대학교 1982 연구논문집 Vol.13 No.1

R. W. Emerson은 19세기 美國作家들 가운데 가장 유명하고 영향력이 至大한 作家중의 한사람이다. 그는 New England Transcendentalism의 代辯人이었으며 그의 사랑의 핵심은 Self-Reliance이다. 그는 當代의 물질주의와 점증하는 産業主義를 못마땅하게 생각하였다. 그는 人間은 神의 形象대로 창조되었음을 주장하였고 自身의 영혼속에 있는 神의 音聲을 들어야 한다고 주장하였다. 따라서 진실한 인간이란 특히 學者는 Self-Reliance를 가져야 한다는 것이다. Self-Reliance의 사상은 Emerson의 全思想의 기초개념이다. 各 個人은 直觀을 통하여 神과 交通할 수 있으므로 결국 人間은 자신의 心性을 통하여 神性과 完全性을 획득할 수 있다는 것이다. 그러나 個人은 社會와 단절되어 살아갈수는 없다. 個人의 社會의식이 높아감에 따라, 人間은 社會에서의 자신의 위치를 찾게 되다. Emerson은 자신의 職分을 詩人으로 확신하였다. 詩人에게는 말한다는 사실이 하나의 行動이었다. 많은 비평가들은 Emerson의 활동시기를 前後期로 나누어 前期에는 社會와 國家, 그리고 敎會를 부인하였고 後期에 와서는 거기에 順應하게 되었다고 주장한다. 그러나 그것은 피상적인 관찰이다. 그가 거부한 것은 社會 그 自體나 社會의 效用이 아니라, 社會의 규율적이고 형식적인 制度와 惡習이었다. 따라서 그가 後期에 와서 社會와 和解를 했다거나 運命에 順應했다는 表現은 걸맞지 않다. 그는 眞理에 充實한 사람이었고 後期에는 새로운 人間像 즉 Man Thinking을 實踐해 본 것이다. 바로 그러한 人間만이 새로운 社會를 건설할 수 있다는 것이다. 그는 항상 個個人은 활동의 主體이오. 社會는 그 活動무대임을 잘 알고 있었다. 個人과 社會의 두 요소는 동시에 兩立해야 하는 상호보완적인 요소인 것이다. Ralph Waldo Emerson has been widely regarded as the most famous and most influential of the nineteenth century American writers. He was the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. And the core of his thoughts is Self-Reliance. He condemned the materialism and the growing industrialism of his age. But he found it possible to compromise between ideal and reality. He suggested that a man was created in image of God and should hear the voice of God in the should. Consequently a true man, especially a Scholar, should have Self-Reliance, which is the main idea of Emerson's whole thoughts. Each individual can communicate with God through his own intuition, so it is possible to achieve divinity or perfection through his own mind. But every individual cannot live alone without being concerned with society. As the social consciousness increases, each individual seeks to find his role in society. Emerson considered his vocation as Sayer, the poet, Saying words was a kind of action to him. Most critics view that, in his earlier period of Emerson's writings, he rejected the society, the nation and the church. However, it is a superficial observation. It is the formal institutions in society or evil traditions of society that he rejected. Not the uses or good effects of society. And in his later period of writing he has been said to have reconciled himself with society or to yield to the fate. But in my opinion he never submitted to the fate, only faithful to the truth. He spent his later lifetime on showing how to be a new man. Man Thinking, who is able to establish a new society. He was never opposed to the society itself and never reconciled with it. He was always recognizing that they needed each other. Every individual is an actor and society is the stage on which the actor plays. The two factors are compatible at the same time.

제2형 당뇨병 외래 환자의 비만도에 따른 미세혈관합병증

이성규,조남한,김현만,이관우,정윤석,채봉남,김윤정,이미덕,노혜림,홍은경,조현경 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.1

Background: Korean type 2 diabetic patients who are frequently non-obese, may be genetically different from Western type 2 diabetics who are frequently obese. Therefore, the diabetic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea may be also different from those of Western countries. Until now, most studies reported in Korea did not analyse the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus according to obesity, and also the criteria in the diagnosis of microvascular complications were different in each study. We investigated the microvascular complications and its relationship with obesity, in type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic. Methods: The study subjects were type 2 diabetic patients visiting an outpatient clinic of Ajou University Hospital. We selected patients participating in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, retrospectively. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to the WHO/NDDG classification of diabetes. Biochemical studies including lipid profile, plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were done. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Based on BMI (㎏/㎡), the patients were divided into the following groups: the lean group, when the BMI was less than 20 ㎏/㎡ the ideal body weight (IBW) group, if the BMI was between 20 ㎏/㎡ and 25 ㎏/㎡ in women and 20 ㎏/㎡ and 27 ㎏/㎡ in men; and the obese group, when the BMI was $gt;25 ㎏/㎡ in women and $gt;27 ㎏/㎡ in men. Results: 1. Neuropathy (45.2%) was the most frequent among the microvascular complications, and the frequency of retinopathy was 15.1%, and that of nephropathy was 4.9%. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, the frequency of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy was 43.2%, 11.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. 2. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_(1c)) and fasting blood glucose levels were not different among the three groups. Beta cell function{Δ (insulin 30min - insulin Omin)/Δ(glucose 30min - glucose 0min)} was the highest in the obese group. However, beta cell function(ΔI/ΔG) divided by the basal insulin level, considered insulin resistance, was not different among the three groups. 3. Within 5 years of diabetes duration, retinopathy tended to be the most frequent in the lean group, whereas neuropathy tended to be the most frequent in the obese group, and body mass index influenced the retinopathy and neuropathy, statistically significantly. Conclusion: Diabetic neuropathy was the most frequent among microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our study subjects. At the time of presentation within 5 years of diabetes duration, the lean group of type 2 diabetics had a tendency of the more frequent retinopathy, the obese group had a tendency of the more frequent neuropathy. These results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea is also not a single disease entity, as in Western countries and is a heterogenous group of disorders with a diversity of microvascular complications. However, the more studies about this will be required.

피부에 발생한 혼합종 1예

김진규,채수만,박장규 최신의학사 1980 最新醫學 Vol.23 No.6

The Presence of Urinary Ketones according to Metabolic Status and Obesity

Kim Bo-Reum,Seo Jeong Woo,Kim Sang Man,Kim Kyu-Nam,주남석 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.31

Background: Recently, new concepts about obesity and normal weight subtypes with metabolic conditions are rising and ketone bodies are emerging as a significant indicator of metabolic health. This study aimed to find a relationship between ketonuria and those subtypes. Methods: The data of 19,036 subjects were analyzed in this cross-sectional study (2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES). Based on body mass index and adult treatment panel III with modification of waist circumference, individuals were categorized into 4 groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Individuals were divided into 2 groups, positive and negative ketonuria groups, and the metabolic parameters were compared. Results: The metabolic indicators of the positive ketonuria group showed better results than those of the negative ketonuria group and the MHNW group showed the highest proportion of positive ketonuria. The MHNW group showed higher urinary ketones than the MUO group (odds ratio [OR], 0.391; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.254–0.601) in men. In women, OR of having ketonuria was 0.698 (95% CI, 0.486–1.002) in the MHO group and 0.467 (95% CI, 0.226–0.966) in the MUNW group compared to the MHNW group, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to the MHNW group, the MUO group showed lower presence of ketonuria in men, and tendency to have less ketonuria in women.

뇌동정맥 기형의 등급과 외과적 치료 성적

신규만 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : Arterovenous malformations(AVVMs) represent the most commonly encountered symptomatic vascular malformations in the field of vascular neurosurgery. Surgically accessible AVMs that present with hemorrhage should be removed to reduce the risk of subsequent hemorrhage. The advance of surgery is based on the size, location and pattern of venous drainage and these anatomic features influence the treatment risk. The author studied the above features for predictor of the surgical resection of AVMs. Methods : Nineteen patients(8 male and 11 female patients) with intracranial AVMs were treated at the Ewha Womans Medical Center between March 1989 and Dec. 1996. The mean age, and sexual ratio, of the pts as will as symptoms, location, feeding arteries, pattern of venous drainage and size of the nidus were studied. AVMs were graded according to the Spetzler and martin grade system. Overall outcome and postoperative results in eighteen patients were evaluated according to Glasgow Outcome SCale(GOS). Results : The average age at the time of treatment was 30.8 years old(range 4-55 years old). The hemorrhage was the most common symptom, occurring in 15(80%) patients, and 2(10%) patients presented with headache, 195%) patient with seizure, 1(5%) patient with neurological deficit. The feeding arteries were as the followings ; middle cerebral artery 8(42%), anterior cerebral artery 2(10%), posterior cerebral artery 1(5%), The pattern of draining veins were described into superficial and deep ; superficial 9(47%), deep 10(53%), The size of the nidus were as the followings ; small(<3cm) 9(47.5%), medium(3-6cm) 9(47.5%), large(>6cm) 1(5%), The Spetzler-Martin's grade and the outcome according to the grade were as follows ; gradeⅠ;3(17%) resulted GOS-5 3 patients, grade Ⅱ ;5(26%) did GOS-5 6 patients, grade Ⅲ; 5(26%) did GOS-5 4 patients and GOS-4 1 patient, grade Ⅳ;4(21%) did GOS-5 3 patients and GOS-4 1 patient, grade Ⅴ;1(5%0 did GOS-1 1 patient. Overall, there were no death in surgical treatment, patients, the morbidity value was 2(10%0 patients, the remainder were completely cured. Conclusion : The Spetzler-Martin grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ AVMs were associated with low rates of surgical morbidity and mortality, Therefore, surgery is the best treatment in the these grades.

전교통동맥 동맥류의 조기수술

신규만,송준혁,김명현,최혜영 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1996 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.19 No.4

Objectives : The timing of aneurysm surgery has been a topic of major neurosurgical controversy. Aneurysmal rebleeding is the most cataclysmic and disabling event following initial subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thus, early surgical obliteration of aneurysm eliminates the potential for rebleeding during the highest risk period. Method : The results of operation for the twenty-three patients who had admitted to neurosurgical departments, Mokdong hospital and undergone surgery within the 24-72 hours after initial rupture of these aneurysms from October, 1993 to August, 1996, were reviewed. Results : Twenty-three patients underwent craniotomy for clipping and intracranial clot evacuation, and postoperative hypertensive, hypervolemic, and hemodilution therapy. The outcome was excellent in 10(43%), good in 3(13%), poor in 5(22%) and death in 5(22%). The mean age was 57.7 and the ratio of male to female was 13:10. The outcome according to Hunt-Hess(H-H) grade was followings. H-H grade 1 was 2(%) and all excellent outcome, H-H grade 2 24(61%) and the outcome were excellent in 8(35%), good in 1(4%), poor in 2(9%), death in 3(13%), H-H grade 3 was 6(26%) and good in 2(9%), poor in 2(9%), death in 2(9%), and H-H grade 4 was 1(4%) and the outcome was poor in 1(4%). The outcome according to grading system of Fisher was followings. Grade 2 was 6(26%), and the outcome was excellent in 5(22%) and death in 1(4%). The grade 3 was 14(61%) and excellent in 5(22%), good in 2(9%), poor in 3(13%), and death in 1(4%). The grade 4 was 3(31%) and good in (4%) and poor in 2(9%). The variations in anterior communicating complex were followings. The both A_1 equal in 6(26%), left A_1 dominancy was 1(4%), right A_1 atresia was 13(57%) and left atresia was 3(13%). Conclusions : The most favorable outcomes and lowest mortality rate were patients of H-H grade 1 group. The surgical results of alert patients with early surgery should even further improve as compared to delay surgery. However, patients who present in poor medical condition at the time of operation were still indicated delay surgery.

최근접 Clustering 방법을 이용한 비디오 스토리 분할

이해만,정규식 崇實大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

We are approaching to an age of mobile multimedia information service which allows mobile network appliances to exchange multimedia information efficiently and effectively. As a core technology for the service, multimedia transcoding which transforms multimedia information to be suited for the appliance environment will be needed. In dealing with video transcoding, we need a good method of video representation for efficient storage and retrieval. One way to do so is to represent a video in a hierarchy of three levels; Frame Shot & Story. In this thesis, we propose a method of story segmentation by joining the neighbor shots, assuming that a video is already segmented into a set of shots. In the proposed method, firstly, we extract a representative (key) frame from each shot by considering its motion information and secondly extract CCV(Color Coherence Vector) features from the extrarted key frame as a visual feature. Thirdly, we apply a nearest neighbor clustering method to the key frames using two measures of visual similarity and temporal similarity. Using clustering results and story repetition property, we spit and merge video shots to make a set of stories. We implement the proposed method using Visual C++ in a IBM PC and perform experiments using movie videos. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

상부위장관 출혈을 일으킨 Warfarin Sodium에 의한 위점막내 혈종 1예

이봉규,김태원,박찬국,김만우 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

A case of warfarin sodium-induced intramural hematoma and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is described, and the literature on this adverse effect is reviewed. A 83-year-old woman who has been receiving warfarin came to a emergency room because of hematemesis. She had a history of cerebral infarction. Physical examination was anemic conjunctiva, no abdominal mass and melena. The emergency gastroscopic finding was submucosal mass. Her hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration had falled to 6.7g/㎗ and 20%, Her prothrombin time (PT) was 130 sec and partial prothrombin time (aPTT) was 133 sec. The patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy. The name of operation was hemigastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy(Billorth-Ⅱ). The pathology report indicated the presence of submucosal hematoma formation with mucosal ischemic necrosis and mucosal ulceration and regenerating epithelium.