The Efficacy and Safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Randomized Controlled Split-face Trial

( Sun Young Huh ),( Jung Won Shin ),( Jung Im Na ),( Chang Hun Huh ),( Sang Woong Youn ),( Kyoung Chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1

Background: Melasma is a common acquired symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun-exposed areas, and it is frequently observed among women. Various treatment modalities have been tried, but none are completely satisfactory. 4-n-butylresorcinol, which is a resorcinol derivative that has an inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, was introduced in 1995 and it has received increasing attention as a new hypopigmenting agent. However, the hypopigmenting effect of 4-n-butylresorcinol in human subjects has only been shown in a few studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypopigmenting efficacy and safety of 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma. Methods: Twenty patients with melasma were enrolled to this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, split-face comparative study. The patients were instructed to apply 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream or vehicle to each side of the face twice daily for 8 weeks. Mexameter measurements were performed along with photography at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Adverse events were observed and recorded throughout the study. Results: All the patients completed the study. Mexameter measurements demonstrated that the melanin index of the treated side showed a significant decrease when compared with that of the vehicle-treated side after 4 weeks (p=0.006) and after 8 weeks (p<0.0005). All the adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusion: 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream showed rapid efficacy and it was well tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 21∼25, 2010)

금속 촉매를 이용한 poly-Si의 결정화에 관한 연구

金善浩,李秀京,金泰延,康娜榮,金亨駿 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Nickel induced crystallization of amorphous silicon (a-Si) has been studied by selective deposition of Ni on a-Si thin films. The kinetics of crystallization for MIC was found to be greatly enhanced than that of SPC. Ni-induced crystallization is a promising technique for low-temperature fabrication of poly-Si thin-film transistors needed for large area applications. Lateral growth of polycrystalline silicon mediated by the formation of nickel silicide, has been successfully employed for the fabrication of high-performance TFTs. A-Si thin films on which Ni films were deposited with various thickness were crystallized as a function of annealing temperatures. Throughout the thesis work, wise choice of both the thickness of Ni and the annealing temperature was found to produce poly-Si films with high quality, thus potentially resulting in the production of TFTs with high performance.

전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

노동현,김도형,김나래,박종선,이창헌,김미경,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

전격성 제1형 당뇨병은 특발성 당뇨병환자에서 임상 경과가 짧고 진단 당시 심각한 대사 합병증을 동반하면서 췌장 효소 수치가 높고 췌도 특이 자가항체가 음성인 새로운 아형으로 알려져 있으며, 일본과 일본 외에서의 유병률에는 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 아직 전격성 제1형 당뇨병의 발생 기전은 명확하지 않으며 유전적 감수성이 있는 개체에서 바이러스 감염 등의 환경적인 인자와의 연관성이 가능한 병태생리로 제시되고 있으며 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 저자들은 케톤산증으로 내원하여 전격성 제1형 당뇨병을 진단받은 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다. Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 29-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting consulted to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. After the patient has been treated with insulin, his symptoms were improved and abnormal laboratory data were normalized. We report this case with a review of the literature

전문대학 간호과 통합교과과정 개발에 관한 연구

김영희,김정수,김정애,방숙명,배경진,이애경,장은정,정안순,주미경,최나영 경복대학 1998 京福論叢 Vol.2 No.-

교과과정의 조직은 체계적이고 뜻이 있는 순서로 학생들을 가르치기 위해 지식을 어떻게 조직화할 것인지와, 과목들 사이에서 공통된 내용은 통합시켜 중첩되는 일이 없도록 조정할 필요가 있다. 이에 현재 본 대학 간호과에서 운영되었던 97학년도의 17개 전공과목들의 교과과정의 내용을 비교, 분석하여 중복을 줄이며 순차적 지식의 습득을 도모하는 새로운 통합교과과정의 틀을 개발, 제시함으로써 보다 나은 전문직 간호교육이 이루어지도록 하고자 하였다. Most curricula are considered how to teach the student in systematic and meaningful orders. And it is necessary to coordinate the duplicate contents in major subjects in nursing. So this study was designed to set up a new comprehensive curriculum through comparing and ananlyzing each seventeen major subjects in Nursing Department of Kyung-Bok College. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the new comprehensive curricula for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in diploma degree course of nursing education.

Inhibitory Effects of Naringenin and Its Novel Derivatives on Hyaluronidase

Sun-Hee Moon,Kee-Tae Kim,Na-Kyoung Lee,Ye-Sun Han,Seung-Yeol Nah,Ssang Goo Cho,Yong-Sun Park,Hyun-Dong Paik 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1

Naringenin is a bioactive flavanone containing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. The inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase of naringenin and its novel derivatives were evaluated. Among these flavonoids at 200 μM concentration, 7-O-butyl naringenin had the highest inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase with 44.84%. In addition, For naringenin at concentrations of 0, 150, and 190 μM, the apparent Michaelis constants (appKm) were calculated to be 0.60±0.02, 0.43±0.02, and 0.41±0.01 ㎎/㎖ of substrate, respectively; for 7-O-butyl naringenin at 0, 20, and 30 μM concentrations, those were 0.44±0.03 and 0.27±0.03 ㎎/㎖, respectively. The Vmax values at 150 and 190 μM naringenin were 0.59±0.02 and 0.56±0.01 ㎎/㎖/min, respectively; and those at 20 and 30 μM 7-O-butyl naringenin were 0.50±0.02 and 0.33±0.02 ㎎/㎖/min, respectively. However, the slopes of each inhibitory reaction were not significantly different. Therefore, naringenin and 7-O-butyl naringenin were shown to be uncompetitive inhibitors. These results demonstrate the potential use of 7-O-butyl naringenin as an anti-inflammatory substance.

월경전불쾌장애의 약물치료 3상 임상 연구 메타분석

염선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yum ),유민지 ( Min Ji Ryu ),박나윤 ( Na Yoon Park ),김성민 ( Seong Min Kim ),이경욱 ( Kyong Wook Yi ),박현태 ( Hyun Tae Park ),신정호 ( Jung Ho Shin ),허준영 ( Jun Young Hur ),김선행 ( Sun Haeng Kim ),김탁 ( T 대한산부인과학회 2012 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.55 No.3

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common condition that temporarily, but repetitively affects patient`s global function. Patients and physicians alike are often uncertain whether prescription medication for PMDD is sufficiently effective. The primary objective of this analysis is signal detection in efficacy of pharmacological treatments in PMDD. Secondary objective is to review which symptoms are likely to respond to which medications. The review included otherwise healthy women with clinician confirmed diagnosis of PMDD who participated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of PMDD. Twelve pair-wise comparisons of drug and placebo for 2,420 patients with PMDD were performed. Oral contraceptives and selective serotonin receptor inhibitor were effective in alleviating symptoms of PMDD compared to placebo. Both Intermittent and continuous administration were more effective than placebo. This meta-analysis provides a signal that pharmacological treatment of PMDD is effective.

난치성 전신성 홍반성 루푸스 환자에 대한 자가조혈모세포이식

나경선 ( Kyoung Sun Na ),최정혜 ( Jung Hae Choi ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),김신규 ( Think You Kim ),안명주 ( Myung Ju Ahn ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ) 대한류마티스학회 2003 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of immune ablation followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Three patients who had been refractory to steroid and one or more immunosuppressive drug were included. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide (CTX, 3 g/m2), followed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (5μg/kg/day). T lymphocytes were depleted from the graft by selection of CD34 positive cells. Conditioning regimens composed of high dose CTX (total dose 200 mg/kg) and anti-thymocyte globulin (total dose 90 mg/kg) in 2 patients and BEAM (BCNU 300 mg/m2, etoposide 200 mg/m2, cytarabine 200 mg/m2, melphalan 200 mg/m2) in 1 patient. Stored stem cells were reinfused 48 hours after conditioning. Results: Among 3 patients, first patient had lupus nephritis, second patient had overlap syndrome combined with rheumatoid arthritis (rhupus) and the last patient had severe thromobocytopenia and intractable polyserositis. No life threatening complications were observed during the treatment. All patients demonstrated rapid and marked improvement in organ function and quality of life just after HSCT. Previous massive proteinuria in first patient was decreased to less than 500 mg/day with 6 months follow up. Rhupus patient satisfied American college of rheumatology 70% response criteria with 3 months follow up. But third patient improved polyserositis dramatically 1 month after HSCT and relapsed at 9 weeks. Conclusion: In refractory SLE patients, HSCT can be performed safely with marked improvement and sustained withdrawal of all immunosuppressive medication. A further randomized trial is needed to confirm the efficacy and durability of remission.

인류의 신장 혈관간세포에서 유착분자 발현과 Chemokine 발현에 미치는 Th1 Cytokine과 Th2 Cytokine의 상호 작용

나경선 ( Kyoung Sun Na ),강태영 ( Tae Young Kang ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ),박용욱 ( Yong Wook Park ),이혜순 ( Hye Soon Lee ),엄완식 ( Wan Sik Uhm ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),이춘용 ( 대한류마티스학회 2004 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: Predominance of IFN-γ over Th2 cytokines is evident in proliferative lupus nephritis. Th2 cytokines such as IL-10, or IL-4 have been known to suppress Th1 cytokine driven pro-inflammatory responses. However a combination of cytokines can exert variable effects during the evolution of autoimmune diseases depending on the various factors, such as the stage of diseases or local versus systemic expression. To determine whether Th2 cytokines play a pro- or anti-inflammatory role in the local glomerular inflammation induced by IFN-γ, we studied the effect of IL-10 and IL-4 on the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in human mesangial cells stimulated with IFN-γ. Methods: Human mesangial cells were obtained from 3 patients undergoing nephrectomy. MCP-1, RANTES, ICAM-1, and CD40 expressions were examined in response to various cytokine stimulation; IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ+IL-10, IFN-γ+IL-4, and IFN-γ+IL-10+IL-4, respectively. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR and the levels of MCP-1 and RANTES in the culture supernatants were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. ICAM-1 and CD40 surface expressions were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: IFN-γ increased basal mRNA expression of MCP-1, and IL-10 strongly enhanced the level of MCP-1 mRNA and protein expressions induced by IFN-γ. IL-4 did not affect significantly on the MCP-1 expression induced by IFN-γ. Although IFN-γ increased the concentration of RANTES, IL-10 and IL-4 did not affect IFN-γ induced RNTES expression. Increased expression of ICAM-1 and CD40 induced by IFN-γ were not down-regulated by IL-10 or IL-4. Conclusion: Taken together, IL-10 appears to augment local inflammatory reaction though the up-regulation of MCP-1 from mesangial cells in the presence of IFN-γ rather than inhibit inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis.

초음파 유도하 관절내 주사

나경선 ( Kyoung Sun Na ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.89 No.6

Ultrasonography (US) is being used increasingly to guide diagnostic and therapeutic musculoskeletal injections. Intra-articular injection is an important mainstay in the treatment of joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, blind or palpation-based injection can result in inaccurate needle placement and can be challenging for small joints or difficult-to-access joints such as the hip joint. The correct position of the needle with guidance in the target area would improve the efficacy of the procedure and greatly improve the outcome. Compared to conventional fluoroscopic guidance, the advantages of US are that it avoids radiation exposure and the equipment is readily available and less expensive. Knowledge of anatomy and probe positioning, as well as the ability to coordinate the probe and needle are necessary when injecting patients under US guidance. This review describes the general considerations for intra-articular injections under US guidance and includes practical suggestions for the injection of individual joints. (Korean J Med 2015;89:654-662)

백서의 경혈(해계, 곤륜, 양보) 침자가 Nitric Oxide Synthase 및 Nitric Oxide의 변화에 미치는 영향

김영선 ( Young Sun Kim ),최동희 ( Dong Hee Choi ),장호선 ( Ho Sun Jang ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ),황문현 ( Moon Hyeon Hwang ),조주현 ( Joo Hyun Cho ),이경인 ( Kyoung In Lee ),김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),표병식 ( Byoung Sik Pyo ),윤대환 ( 경락경혈학회 2013 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.30 No.2

Objectives: To observe the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO by the needle insertion on river points, one of the five transport points of three yang meridians of the foot. Methods: Based on rats, needle was inserted on both left and right sides of ST41, BL60 and GB38 and retained for five minutes. After the retention, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture and tissues from each point around meridian vessels were extracted to observe the changes in the expression of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO. Results: In terms of the effect on expression of nNOS within tissues, ST41 showed significant decrease based on the results of immunohistochemistry. In terms of the effect on expression of iNOS within tissues, none of the experimental groups showed any significant change compared to the Normal group. Regarding expression of eNOS within tissues, GB38 showed significant increase based on the results of immunohistochemistry. In terms of the effect on NO creation in tissues, none of the experimental groups showed any significant change compared to the Normal group. Conclusions: The effect of needle insertion on the river points of three yang meridians of the foot on the function of nNOS, iNOS, eNOS and NO could be observed, and based on this study, it is considered that the effect of needle stimulation on the changes of nervous system could be found out through additional research.