간호진단 신경망과 전문가시스템간의 효과 비교

김정애 대한의료정보학회 1998 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.4 No.1

간호과정 임상적용을 위한 지식관리시스템 개발 연구

김정애 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 2001 간호학탐구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서는 지식관리시스템을 적용하여 환자특성, 관련요인, NANDA 간호진단, 간호중재분류, 간호결과분류 및 간호전문가의 지식 등을 이용한 간호과정 지식관리시스템을 개발하였으며, 시스템의 임상적용 타당성을 확인하기 위하여 시스템 접속빈도와 사용자 만족도를 조사하였고, 사용자가 시스템을 사용하면서 입력한 자료를 분석하여 시스템의 실용성을 평가함으로써 임상에서의 간호과정 적용과 간호의 질 향상을 도모하고자 하였다. 연구의 이론적 기틀은 전문가, 지식관리시스템, 사용자를 연계한 지식생성, 지식저장, 지식고유/사용 등의 지식관리 기능을 적용하여 도출하였다. 지식관리시스템의 개발에 관한 연구와 스프트웨어 공학의 전통적인 수명주기를 근거로 시스템을 개발하였다. 지식요건 상세화 단계에서는 지식분류체계, 지식지도, 지식베이스 설계 및 간호진단, 간호중재, 간호결과 및 간호진단 전문가 지식에 대한 컨텐츠를 개발하였다. 2000년 6월 15일부터 8월 14일까지 2달 동안 조사지를 이용한 297명의 실제 환자의 임상사례로 간호진단 규칙을 도출하여 간호진단 전문가 지식을 수출하였다. 기술구조확정 단계에서는 Windows NT2000, MS-SQL, Web Server, Compaq Proliant 5500을 이용하여 A.S.P.로 Web 프로그램을 개발하는 기술구조를 확정하였다. 지식베이스 개발 단계에서는 지식베이스 관리시스템을 개발하였으며, UI 개발 단계에서는 사용자를 위한 환경을 구축하였다. 구축된 간호과정 지식관리시스템이 연구목적에 부합되는지를 확인하기 위하여 2000년 10월 29일부터 11월 11일까지 2주동안 가상의 자료로 시스템 구축환경하에서 시스템을 검증하였으며, 11월 12일부터 11월 16일까지는 인터넷상에서 검증하였다. 개발된 간호과정 지식관리시스템의 임상적용 타당성을 평가하기 위해 본 시스템을 홈페이지에 개설하고(http://www.nursingprocess.com) 2000년 11월 17일부터 12월 7일까지 3주동안 Web상에서 설문조사를 하여 병원에 근무하는 간호사, 책임간호사, 수간호사로써 본 시스템을 사용한 51명의 사용자 만족도를 분석하였다. 5점 척도의 Likert scale에 의한 평가에서 정확성/신뢰성이 3.82로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 웹사이트(3.78), 편의성(3.74), 기준문항(3.72), 능률성(3.61), 시스템 개선(3.32) 및 형식/충분성(3.23) 순이었다. 사용자들이 시스템 사용에 대해 만족하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 이를 통해 간호과정 지식관리시스템의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 사용자가 시스템을 사용하면서 저장한 110예의 임상사례에 대한 간호진단·간호중재 ·간호결과 자료를 분석한 결과 간호진단 규칙이 있는 34개 간호진단에서 총 416건의 자료 중 단 6건만이 간호진단 규칙에 해당되지 않는 자료로 나타나는 등 간호과정 지식관리시스템이 간호과정에 대한 지식관리를 잘 수행하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Although the importance of the nursing process has been emphasized, teaching methods for clinical application of the nursing process are very limited. In order to increase clinical application of the nursing process, a Knowledge Management System for the Nursing Process was developed It includes patient characteristics, 'related' factors, NANDA nursing diagnoses, Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC), Nursing Outcome Classification(NOC) and knowledge of experts in nursing. In order to improve quality of nursing, validity of the clinical application of the system, frequency of the system access, and end-user satisfaction was ascertained. The development of the Knowledge Management System followed the existing steps of software engineering. In the first stage, content in relation to the knowledge classification system, knowledge map, knowledge-base design, nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, nursing outcomes and the expert's knowledge of nursing diagnoses were developed. In the stage for decisions on technical structure, a knowledge repository was built up with MS-SQL under the operating system of Windows NT 2000. Decisions on technical structure were made so as to provide a system to end-users with Web Server, Compao Proliant 5500 using the web program A.S.P. In the stage of development of the knowledge base, the Knowledge-base Management System was developed, and in the stage of development of the User Interface, the environment for end-users was established. In order to examine the validity of clinical application of the Knowledge Management System of Nursing Process a homepage at http://www.nursingprocess.com was opened and the developed system was installed. Fifty-one users of this system participated in analysis of end-user satisfaction. The results showed that accuracy/trustworthiness of the system had the highest average score at 3.82. Website(3.78), user friendly(3.78), standard inquiry item(3.72), and efficiency(3.61) also showed high satisfaction scores. Finally, in the analysis of data on nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes of 110 cases used by the system users, only 6 cases were found to have violated the rules of nursing diagnoses. These results indicate that the Knowledge Management System of Nursing Process met the teaching objectives.

행정소송법은 행정법 발전에 있어서의 분수령인가?- 행정법과 행정소송간의 대칭관계에 대한 게시 -

김정애 전남대학교 법학연구소 2008 법학논총 Vol.28 No.1

신증후군에 동반된 폐색전증

김정애,유한욱,염명걸 대한신장학회 1988 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.7 No.1

The nephrotic syndrome has been considered a hypercoagulable state since it may be complicated by thromboembolic events of the venous or the arterial circulation. Diverse pathogenetic factors leading to the hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome have been recognized. We experienced a case of minimal change nephrotic syndrome complicated by the pulmonary thromboembolism presenting sudden chest pain, hemoptysis during the steroid and diuretic therapy. The patient was nearly bed ridden due to severe generalized edema showing marked hemoconcentration, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminema and the episode of hypovolemic crisis at the onset of pulmonary thromboembolism.

A Development of High Power Activated Carbon Using the KOH Activation of Soft Carbon Series Cokes

김정애,박인수,서지혜,이정준 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.15 No.2

The process parameter in optimized KOH alkali activation of soft carbon series coke material in high purity was setwith DOE experiments design. The activated carbon was produced by performing the activation process based onthe set process parameters. The specific surface area was measured and pore size was analyzed by N2 absorptionmethod for the produced activated carbon. The surface functional group was analyzed by Boehm method and metalimpurities were analyzed by XRF method. The specific surface area was increased over 2,000 m2/g as the mixingratio of activation agent increased. The micro pores in 5~15 A and surface functional group under 0.4 meq/g wereobtained. The contents of the metal impurity in activated carbon which is the factor for reducing the electrochemicalcharacteristics was reduced less than 100 ppm through the cleansing process optimization. The electrochemicalcharacteristics of activated carbon in 38.5 F/g and 26.6 F/cc were checked through the impedance measuring withcyclic voltammetry scan rate in 50~300 mV/s and frequency in 10 mHz ~100 kHz. The activated carbon was made inthe optimized activation process conditions of activation time in 40 minutes, mixing ratio of activation agent in 4.5 : 1.0and heat treatment temperature over 650℃.

Protoplast-Mediated Transformation of the Filamentous Fungus Cladosporium phlei: Evidence of Tandem Repeats of the Integrative Transforming Vector

김정애,김정미,김환규,김범태,황기준,박승문,양문식,김대혁 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2

To facilitate the genetic manipulation of Cladosporium phlei, a causal agent of leaf spot disease in timothy (Phleum pretense), protoplast-mediated transformation of C. phlei has been developed and the resulting transformants were characterized in this study. Hygromycin B resistance was applied as a dominant selection marker due to the sensitivity of C. phlei to this antibiotic. The transformation efficiency ranged from approximately 20-100 transformants per experiment. Southern blot analysis of stable transformants revealed that transformation occurred by way of stable integration of the vector DNA into the fungal chromosome. PCR analysis and plasmid rescuing of randomly selected transformants suggested that integration of tandem repeat copies of vector DNA was common. In addition, multiple integrations of the transforming vector at different chromosomal sites were also observed. The establishment of a transformation method for C. phlei facilitates strain improvement of this fungus and can be applied as an initial step in the molecular analysis of pigment production in this fungus.

감사위원회 및 이사회의 특성차이가 보수주의에 미치는 영향

김정애,최종서 한국회계정보학회 2006 회계정보연구 Vol.24 No.4

외환위기 이후 최근 몇 년 동안 감사위원회의 도입과 감사위원회 및 이사회의 제도 개선으로 우리나라 감사위원회와 이사회는 외형상으로 적지 않은 변화가 나타난 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 감사위원회와 이사회의 특성차이가 회계정보의 보수주의 측면에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대해서는 별로 알려지거나 조사된 바가 없고, 이와 관련된 체계적인 연구가 거의 전무한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 감사위원회 및 이사회의 특성변화와 회계정보의 질 간의 관계를 종합적으로 연구하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 감사위원회와 이사회의 특성차이와 회계의 보수주의 간의 관계를 고찰하여 감사위원회 및 이사회의 특성차이가 회계의 보수주의에 영향을 주는가를 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 2000년부터 2004년까지 매년 말 증권거래소에 상장되어 있는 12월 결산 법인(금융업제외)을 대상으로 총 1950개 기업-년을 분석하였다. Basu(1997)의 역회귀분석방법을 이용하여 호재와 악재가 회계이익에 비대칭적으로 반영되는 가를 분석한 결과, 이사회의 사외이사가 많고, 회계 및 재무전문가를 선임하고, 활발한 활동을 하는 기업에서는 그렇지 못한 기업에 비하여 악재를 회계이익에 반영하는데 더 높은 민감도를 나타내었다. 감사위원회 특성차이는 기업에서 악재가 회계이익에 더 빨리 반영된다는 것과 관련성이 없으나, 이사회 특성차이는 기업의 악재에 대한 회계이익의 비대칭적인식과 관련성을 갖는다는 것이 밝혀졌다. This study examines the impact of the improved structures of audit committee and board of directors on the accounting conservatism as characterized by asymmetric timeliness in recognizing good versus bad news in accounting earnings. While prior studies examined the association between committees and discretionary accruals(Klein 2000, 2002; Lee and Lee 2003), or committees and its impact on firm value(La Porta et al. 1998, 1999, 2000; Shleifer and Vishny 1997; Vafeas 1999), this paper represents, to our knowledge, the only known Korean study delving into the empirical relations between committee characteristics and accounting conservatism. Using a sample of 1,950 firm-year observations over the period of 2000-2004, we conduct several regression analyses to investigate the potential relation between the level of conservatism and the level of improved governance structure measured by factor scores representing audit committee and board of director characteristics. The results of the analyses show that firms with an improved board committee, appear to be more conservative, in the sense of more timely recognition of bad news. This evidence is consistent with the fact that the structure of board of directors plays an important role in determining the attribute of the accounting information. In sum, improved structure of board of directors is associated with higher level of accounting conservatism.

CRM 기부 크기의 두 가지 역할 : 해석수준과 노스탤지어의 조절효과

김정애,유동호 한국전략마케팅학회 2023 마케팅논집 Vol.31 No.1

This study examined the effect of perception of donation size as perceived benefit and monetary sacrifice on the intention to participate in CRM according to the construal level of consumers. In addition, this study confirmed the effect of nostalgia to dilute the perceived monetary sacrifice according to donation size. As a result of Study 1, consumers with a high construal level perceived large donation size as a benefit, while consumers with a low construal level perceived large donation size as a monetary sacrifice. Also, when the donation size was large at the high construal level than at the low construal level, the intention to participate in CRM was high. However, this interaction effect was weakened when nostalgia was activated. That is, in nostalgia condition, large donation size was perceived as a benefit rather than a monetary sacrifice. Finally, the influence of donation size, construal level, and nostalgia on the intention to participate in CRM was mediated by perceived benefit and perceived monetary sacrifice. Also, study 2 confirmed the same result as study 1. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 have theoretical and practical implications. 본 연구는 소비자의 해석수준에 따라 기부 크기가 지각된 혜택과 금전적 희생으로 지각되는 것이CRM 참여의도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 또한 기부 크기를 금전적 희생으로 지각하는 것을 희석시키기 위한 노스탤지어의 효과를 확인하고자 연구 1과 연구 2를 진행하였다. 연구 1의 결과, 높은 해석수준을 가진 소비자는 기부 크기를 혜택으로 인식하는 반면 낮은 해석수준의 소비자는 기부 크기를금전적 희생으로 지각하였다. 또한 낮은 해석수준보다 높은 해석수준에서 기부 크기가 클 때, CRM 참여의도가 높았다. 그러나 이러한 상호작용 효과는 노스탤지어가 활성화되면 약화되었다. 즉, 노스탤지어가 활성화되면 기부 크기는 금전적 희생으로 지각되지 않고 혜택으로 지각되었다. 마지막으로 CRM 참여의도에 대한 기부 크기, 해석수준, 노스탤지어의 영향력은 지각된 혜택과 지각된 금전적 희생이매개하였다. 연구 2는 연구 1과 다른 방식으로 해석수준과 노스탤지어에 대한 처치를 하였고, 다른 제품을 제시하여 진행하였다. 연구 2의 결과는 연구 1과 동일하게 나타났다. 연구 1과 연구 2의 결과는이론적, 실무적 시사점을 지닌다.

이온토포레시스를 이용한 케토프로펜의 경피전달

김정애,오승열 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, current duration, crosslinking density, swelling ratio, and permeation enhancers on the transdermal flux of ketoprofen from acrylamide hydrogel. Hydrogel was prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. Drug loading was made just before transport experiment by soaking the hydrogel in solution containing drug. In vitro flux study using hairless mouse skin was performed at 36.5℃ using side-byside diffusion cell, and the drug was analysed using HPLC/UV system. The result showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased about 18 folds by the application of 0.4 mA/㎠ cathodal current. Anodal delivery with same current density also increased the total amount of drug transported about 13 folds. It seemed that the increase in flux was due to the electrorepulsion and the increase in passive permeability of the skin by the current application. Flux increased as current density, the duration of current application and loading amount (swelling duration) increased. As the crosslinking density of the hydrogel increased, flux clearly decreased. The effect of hydrophilic enhancers (urea, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Tween 20) and some hydrophobic enhancers (propylene glycol monolaurate and isopropyl myristate) was minimal. However, about 3 folds increase in flux was observed when 5% oleic acid was used. Overall, these results provide some useful information on the design of an optimized iontophoretic delivery system of ketoprofen.

Mediating effect of major satisfaction on the influence of critical thinking disposition on disaster recognition

김정애,서은희,김철진 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify mediating effect of major satisfaction in the effect of critical thinking disposition on disaster recognition. For this study, 237 students of nursing students from universities in Jeollanam do participated in the study. The data collection was collected on Dec 1 to 7, 2017. The descriptive statistics was used to analyze general characteristics of participants, the differences in disaster recognition according to general characteristics were analyzed by t-test or ANOVA. Regression analysis was conducted to confirm the effect of critical thinking disposition on disaster recognition and Baron, R.M. And Kenny, D.A.'s mediation effect statistic analysis was used to confirm the mediating effect of major satisfaction in critical thinking disposition on disaster recognition. As a result, the critical thinking disposition affects the disaster recognition, and it was judged that the major satisfaction was mediating role. intellectual fairness sub-factor showed perfect mediating effect and confidence and general truth sub-factor showed partial mediating effect. Based on the above findings, it can be seen that not only critical thinking but also satisfaction with the major should be considered in order to increase the recognition of the sudden disaster. In this case, research for linking critical thinking disposition and major satisfaction is likely to be meaningful. Through the results of this study, we suggest the program development of a linkage between critical thinking disposition and major satisfaction to increase the recognition of disaster.